... AU MOYEN AGE : RECHERCHES ARCHITECTONIQUES. PAR. ... à propos de l'histoire ... more ... AU MOYEN AGE : RECHERCHES ARCHITECTONIQUES. PAR. ... à propos de l'histoire de l'état Mossi situé dans ce territoire, suppose que les Dogon lors de leur arrivée dans la plaine sonttombés sur les ... Le sol est assez lisse autour de ces meules par utilisation intensive. ...
JAN SMITS professor of theology and Hebrew at Groningen University in the Netherlands, published ... more JAN SMITS professor of theology and Hebrew at Groningen University in the Netherlands, published a selection of his theological studies under the title Selecta Sacra. One of these studies, "De planctu ob Thammuz," was an extensive treatise on the ancient Hebrew god Tammuz, whom he considered to be the predecessor of the patriarch Joseph. In this treatise Braun developed the thesis that Tammuz could be equated with the Egyptian god Osiris, whose wife (who was also his sister) Isis was sometimes depicted with a bushel container and suckling her son Horus at her large breasts (Smits 1988). He therefore identified a Yoruba-like ivory statue of a kneeling woman with massive breasts and a bushel container on her head as
Description de la culture materielle des Tellem (11e-16e siecle) qui precederent les Dogon dans l... more Description de la culture materielle des Tellem (11e-16e siecle) qui precederent les Dogon dans les falaises de Bandiagara au Mali : architecture des greniers, grottes-cimetieres et objets funeraires, poterie, textile, vetements. Discussion de l'ethnogenese et des migrations des groupes dogons qui s'installerent dans la region vers le 15e siecle. Comparaison des cultures tellem et dogon et essai d'interpretation. L'origine des sculptures " tellem " qui obtinrent un prix eleve sur le marche de l'art
Mali is a country of rich history and diverse culture. Its cultural heritage is, however, threate... more Mali is a country of rich history and diverse culture. Its cultural heritage is, however, threatened by both pillage and illicit trade. Looting has dramatically increased in recent years, especially in the Inner Delta of the Niger and the Dogon country, and has obliged the Malian authorities to take measures to counteract this negative development.
Bone geochemistry of pre-Dogon (11th-16th cent. AD) and Dogon (17th-20th cent. AD) populations bu... more Bone geochemistry of pre-Dogon (11th-16th cent. AD) and Dogon (17th-20th cent. AD) populations buried in two caves of the Bandiagara Cliff (Mali) was examined for the purpose of exploring their diet and mobility. While the Dogon were the subject of extensive ethnographic studies, the lifestyle of the pre-Dogon, so-called "Tellem" is not known. We therefore compared the geochemical composition of Dogon bones with the results obtained from modern dietary surveys in Mali, to establish the parameters of a dietary model that was further applied to the pre-Dogon in order to expand our knowledge concerning their way of life. The exceptional preservation of the bones of both populations was confirmed not only at the macroscopic scale, but also at the mineralogical, histological and geochemical levels, which resemble those of fresh bones, and therefore offered ideal conditions for testing this approach. The application of the Bayesian mixing model FRUITS, based on bone δ 13 C (apatite and collagen) and bone δ 15 N values, suggested a dietary continuity through time, from the 11th century to today. Bone barium (Ba) content revealed very restricted mobility within the Cliff while bone δ 18 O values indicated that Pre-Dogon and Dogon most likely occupied the Bandiagara Plateau and the Cliff, respectively.
Les methodes analytiques de la biogeochimie s’appliquent depuis plusieurs dizaines d’annees aux e... more Les methodes analytiques de la biogeochimie s’appliquent depuis plusieurs dizaines d’annees aux etudes archeologiques. L’une des questions majeures posees par cette approche reste la conservation des signaux biogeochimiques pendant la phase taphonomique. Nous proposons ici un exemple qui a fait l’objet d’une presentation poster au 7eme Congres sur la diagenese des ossements de Lyon (7th International Bone Diagenesis Meeting Lyon, France, October 22nd-25th 2013).Les informations concernant les habitudes alimentaires sont enregistrees dans les os du squelette durant la vie des individus. Mais elles peuvent etre ensuite perturbees par des modifications mineralogiques intervenant apres l’inhumation. Cependant, certaines conditions favorisent la conservation des tissus squelettiques qui sont preserves de cette alteration post-mortem. C’est en particulier le cas des ossements deposes depuis quelques siecles (xie-xviiie) dans les grottes funeraires des falaises de Bandiagara (Mali) par les Tellem, puis par les Dogon. Ils sont macroscopiquement semblables aux os frais. Leur extraordinaire etat de preservation aux plans mineralogique, geochimique et organique est demontre par les etudes par diffraction des rayons X, la mesure de leur teneur en matiere organique, l’observation histologique sur lame mince, leur composition chimique elementaire (Mg, Na, F, Mn, Fe, Y, La, Ce, U) et le rapport calcium versus phosphore.Comme en Afrique de l’Ouest, les elements concernant l’approche de l’alimentation passee sont rares, ces squelettes humains offrent l’opportunite de tester la qualite des donnees geochimiques sur la paleodiete dans les domaines du δ13C, δ18O, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca pour l’apatite osseuse, et du δ13C and δ15N pour le collagene. Les resultats sont discutes en fonction d’approches ethnologiques realisees en Mali rural.
One of the greatest disasters for African archaeology is the systematic plundering of archaeologi... more One of the greatest disasters for African archaeology is the systematic plundering of archaeological sites for the antiquities trade (e.g. Schmidt & McIntosh 1996; ICOM 1994). An eloquent proof of this plundering is the beautiful catalogue ‘Earth and ore’, published in 1997 by Schaedler. Of the 668 objects illustrated fullcolour in this catalogue all come, except for a dozen objects and some forgeries, from recent looting of sites in Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Chad, Ghana and Nigeria. Regions in Mali that are particularly rich in cultural heritage, such as the Niger Inner Delta and the Dogon country, are particularly shocking examples of this systematic plundering. Archaeological research in 1991 in the south of the Delta, undertaken within the framework of the Malian-Dutch ‘Toguéré’ project of the Institut des Sciences Humaines at Bamako, showed that 450h of the 830 visited sites exhibited traces of illicit excavations (Dembele et al. 1993). In 1996, a sample of 80 of these sites w...
... AU MOYEN AGE : RECHERCHES ARCHITECTONIQUES. PAR. ... à propos de l'histoire ... more ... AU MOYEN AGE : RECHERCHES ARCHITECTONIQUES. PAR. ... à propos de l'histoire de l'état Mossi situé dans ce territoire, suppose que les Dogon lors de leur arrivée dans la plaine sonttombés sur les ... Le sol est assez lisse autour de ces meules par utilisation intensive. ...
Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears... more Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
JAN SMITS professor of theology and Hebrew at Groningen University in the Netherlands, published ... more JAN SMITS professor of theology and Hebrew at Groningen University in the Netherlands, published a selection of his theological studies under the title Selecta Sacra. One of these studies, "De planctu ob Thammuz," was an extensive treatise on the ancient Hebrew god Tammuz, whom he considered to be the predecessor of the patriarch Joseph. In this treatise Braun developed the thesis that Tammuz could be equated with the Egyptian god Osiris, whose wife (who was also his sister) Isis was sometimes depicted with a bushel container and suckling her son Horus at her large breasts (Smits 1988). He therefore identified a Yoruba-like ivory statue of a kneeling woman with massive breasts and a bushel container on her head as
Description de la culture materielle des Tellem (11e-16e siecle) qui precederent les Dogon dans l... more Description de la culture materielle des Tellem (11e-16e siecle) qui precederent les Dogon dans les falaises de Bandiagara au Mali : architecture des greniers, grottes-cimetieres et objets funeraires, poterie, textile, vetements. Discussion de l'ethnogenese et des migrations des groupes dogons qui s'installerent dans la region vers le 15e siecle. Comparaison des cultures tellem et dogon et essai d'interpretation. L'origine des sculptures " tellem " qui obtinrent un prix eleve sur le marche de l'art
Mali is a country with a rich history and diverse cultures. Its cultural heritage is, however, th... more Mali is a country with a rich history and diverse cultures. Its cultural heritage is, however, threatened by both the pillage of archaeological sites and illicit trade (ICOM 1995; Bedaux & Rowlands, this volunle). Looting has dramatically increased in recent years, especially in the Inland Delta of the Niger, and has obliged Malian authorities to take measures to counteract this destruction. Within the framework of a long-term Malian-Dutch cultural heritage programme, the Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde at Leiden recently initiated large-scale excavations in the Inland Niger Delta at Dia, in close cooperation with the Université du Mali, the Institut des Sciences Humaines and the Musée National du Mali in Bamako, the Mission Culturelle in Djenné, the Universities of Paris I and VI, the C.N.R.S., University College London and Leiden University. This excavation, financed principally by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, started in 1998 and will continue until 2004. It is a continuati...
... AU MOYEN AGE : RECHERCHES ARCHITECTONIQUES. PAR. ... à propos de l'histoire ... more ... AU MOYEN AGE : RECHERCHES ARCHITECTONIQUES. PAR. ... à propos de l'histoire de l'état Mossi situé dans ce territoire, suppose que les Dogon lors de leur arrivée dans la plaine sonttombés sur les ... Le sol est assez lisse autour de ces meules par utilisation intensive. ...
JAN SMITS professor of theology and Hebrew at Groningen University in the Netherlands, published ... more JAN SMITS professor of theology and Hebrew at Groningen University in the Netherlands, published a selection of his theological studies under the title Selecta Sacra. One of these studies, "De planctu ob Thammuz," was an extensive treatise on the ancient Hebrew god Tammuz, whom he considered to be the predecessor of the patriarch Joseph. In this treatise Braun developed the thesis that Tammuz could be equated with the Egyptian god Osiris, whose wife (who was also his sister) Isis was sometimes depicted with a bushel container and suckling her son Horus at her large breasts (Smits 1988). He therefore identified a Yoruba-like ivory statue of a kneeling woman with massive breasts and a bushel container on her head as
Description de la culture materielle des Tellem (11e-16e siecle) qui precederent les Dogon dans l... more Description de la culture materielle des Tellem (11e-16e siecle) qui precederent les Dogon dans les falaises de Bandiagara au Mali : architecture des greniers, grottes-cimetieres et objets funeraires, poterie, textile, vetements. Discussion de l'ethnogenese et des migrations des groupes dogons qui s'installerent dans la region vers le 15e siecle. Comparaison des cultures tellem et dogon et essai d'interpretation. L'origine des sculptures " tellem " qui obtinrent un prix eleve sur le marche de l'art
Mali is a country of rich history and diverse culture. Its cultural heritage is, however, threate... more Mali is a country of rich history and diverse culture. Its cultural heritage is, however, threatened by both pillage and illicit trade. Looting has dramatically increased in recent years, especially in the Inner Delta of the Niger and the Dogon country, and has obliged the Malian authorities to take measures to counteract this negative development.
Bone geochemistry of pre-Dogon (11th-16th cent. AD) and Dogon (17th-20th cent. AD) populations bu... more Bone geochemistry of pre-Dogon (11th-16th cent. AD) and Dogon (17th-20th cent. AD) populations buried in two caves of the Bandiagara Cliff (Mali) was examined for the purpose of exploring their diet and mobility. While the Dogon were the subject of extensive ethnographic studies, the lifestyle of the pre-Dogon, so-called "Tellem" is not known. We therefore compared the geochemical composition of Dogon bones with the results obtained from modern dietary surveys in Mali, to establish the parameters of a dietary model that was further applied to the pre-Dogon in order to expand our knowledge concerning their way of life. The exceptional preservation of the bones of both populations was confirmed not only at the macroscopic scale, but also at the mineralogical, histological and geochemical levels, which resemble those of fresh bones, and therefore offered ideal conditions for testing this approach. The application of the Bayesian mixing model FRUITS, based on bone δ 13 C (apatite and collagen) and bone δ 15 N values, suggested a dietary continuity through time, from the 11th century to today. Bone barium (Ba) content revealed very restricted mobility within the Cliff while bone δ 18 O values indicated that Pre-Dogon and Dogon most likely occupied the Bandiagara Plateau and the Cliff, respectively.
Les methodes analytiques de la biogeochimie s’appliquent depuis plusieurs dizaines d’annees aux e... more Les methodes analytiques de la biogeochimie s’appliquent depuis plusieurs dizaines d’annees aux etudes archeologiques. L’une des questions majeures posees par cette approche reste la conservation des signaux biogeochimiques pendant la phase taphonomique. Nous proposons ici un exemple qui a fait l’objet d’une presentation poster au 7eme Congres sur la diagenese des ossements de Lyon (7th International Bone Diagenesis Meeting Lyon, France, October 22nd-25th 2013).Les informations concernant les habitudes alimentaires sont enregistrees dans les os du squelette durant la vie des individus. Mais elles peuvent etre ensuite perturbees par des modifications mineralogiques intervenant apres l’inhumation. Cependant, certaines conditions favorisent la conservation des tissus squelettiques qui sont preserves de cette alteration post-mortem. C’est en particulier le cas des ossements deposes depuis quelques siecles (xie-xviiie) dans les grottes funeraires des falaises de Bandiagara (Mali) par les Tellem, puis par les Dogon. Ils sont macroscopiquement semblables aux os frais. Leur extraordinaire etat de preservation aux plans mineralogique, geochimique et organique est demontre par les etudes par diffraction des rayons X, la mesure de leur teneur en matiere organique, l’observation histologique sur lame mince, leur composition chimique elementaire (Mg, Na, F, Mn, Fe, Y, La, Ce, U) et le rapport calcium versus phosphore.Comme en Afrique de l’Ouest, les elements concernant l’approche de l’alimentation passee sont rares, ces squelettes humains offrent l’opportunite de tester la qualite des donnees geochimiques sur la paleodiete dans les domaines du δ13C, δ18O, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca pour l’apatite osseuse, et du δ13C and δ15N pour le collagene. Les resultats sont discutes en fonction d’approches ethnologiques realisees en Mali rural.
One of the greatest disasters for African archaeology is the systematic plundering of archaeologi... more One of the greatest disasters for African archaeology is the systematic plundering of archaeological sites for the antiquities trade (e.g. Schmidt & McIntosh 1996; ICOM 1994). An eloquent proof of this plundering is the beautiful catalogue ‘Earth and ore’, published in 1997 by Schaedler. Of the 668 objects illustrated fullcolour in this catalogue all come, except for a dozen objects and some forgeries, from recent looting of sites in Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Chad, Ghana and Nigeria. Regions in Mali that are particularly rich in cultural heritage, such as the Niger Inner Delta and the Dogon country, are particularly shocking examples of this systematic plundering. Archaeological research in 1991 in the south of the Delta, undertaken within the framework of the Malian-Dutch ‘Toguéré’ project of the Institut des Sciences Humaines at Bamako, showed that 450h of the 830 visited sites exhibited traces of illicit excavations (Dembele et al. 1993). In 1996, a sample of 80 of these sites w...
... AU MOYEN AGE : RECHERCHES ARCHITECTONIQUES. PAR. ... à propos de l'histoire ... more ... AU MOYEN AGE : RECHERCHES ARCHITECTONIQUES. PAR. ... à propos de l'histoire de l'état Mossi situé dans ce territoire, suppose que les Dogon lors de leur arrivée dans la plaine sonttombés sur les ... Le sol est assez lisse autour de ces meules par utilisation intensive. ...
Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears... more Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
JAN SMITS professor of theology and Hebrew at Groningen University in the Netherlands, published ... more JAN SMITS professor of theology and Hebrew at Groningen University in the Netherlands, published a selection of his theological studies under the title Selecta Sacra. One of these studies, "De planctu ob Thammuz," was an extensive treatise on the ancient Hebrew god Tammuz, whom he considered to be the predecessor of the patriarch Joseph. In this treatise Braun developed the thesis that Tammuz could be equated with the Egyptian god Osiris, whose wife (who was also his sister) Isis was sometimes depicted with a bushel container and suckling her son Horus at her large breasts (Smits 1988). He therefore identified a Yoruba-like ivory statue of a kneeling woman with massive breasts and a bushel container on her head as
Description de la culture materielle des Tellem (11e-16e siecle) qui precederent les Dogon dans l... more Description de la culture materielle des Tellem (11e-16e siecle) qui precederent les Dogon dans les falaises de Bandiagara au Mali : architecture des greniers, grottes-cimetieres et objets funeraires, poterie, textile, vetements. Discussion de l'ethnogenese et des migrations des groupes dogons qui s'installerent dans la region vers le 15e siecle. Comparaison des cultures tellem et dogon et essai d'interpretation. L'origine des sculptures " tellem " qui obtinrent un prix eleve sur le marche de l'art
Mali is a country with a rich history and diverse cultures. Its cultural heritage is, however, th... more Mali is a country with a rich history and diverse cultures. Its cultural heritage is, however, threatened by both the pillage of archaeological sites and illicit trade (ICOM 1995; Bedaux & Rowlands, this volunle). Looting has dramatically increased in recent years, especially in the Inland Delta of the Niger, and has obliged Malian authorities to take measures to counteract this destruction. Within the framework of a long-term Malian-Dutch cultural heritage programme, the Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde at Leiden recently initiated large-scale excavations in the Inland Niger Delta at Dia, in close cooperation with the Université du Mali, the Institut des Sciences Humaines and the Musée National du Mali in Bamako, the Mission Culturelle in Djenné, the Universities of Paris I and VI, the C.N.R.S., University College London and Leiden University. This excavation, financed principally by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, started in 1998 and will continue until 2004. It is a continuati...
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