Water samples collected from 60 wells located within Naraguta Sheet 168 in North Central Nigeria ... more Water samples collected from 60 wells located within Naraguta Sheet 168 in North Central Nigeria were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for uranium concentrations and other selected trace elements. This is aimed at assessing the radiation dose arising from intake of uranium through drinking water pathway for different age groups in the area. Results obtained show that uranium concentration in groundwater within the study area is generally within the acceptable reference level of 0.1mSv/y except in some places around Bukuru, Rayfield and Bishichi areas underlain mainly by the Jos-Bukuru Younger Granite Complex. The uranium values in groundwater within Naraguta Sheet 168 vary from 0.02-168.7 ppb, representing an activity concentration of 0.516-4.353 mBq/l. Radiation dose due to intake of uranium through drinking water pathway from the area is calculated to be 0.045-378.098 (µSv/y) among infants of 0-6 months, 0.051-432.112 (µSv/y) among infants of 7-12 months, 0.029-247.829 (µSv/y) among children between 1-3 years of age, and 0.026-216.056 (µSv/y) for children between 4-8 years. For 9-13 years old male children, it is 0.031-259.267 (µSv/y), while for the female children of the same age range, it is 0.031-259.267 (µSv/y). Male teenagers of between 14-18 years receives 0.042-351.250 (µSv/y) and female in the same age category receives 0.042-244.811 (µSv/y). Among the adult males older than 18 years, the radiation dose is 0.031-264.710 (µSv/y) and among females of 18 years and above, it is 0.023-193.021 (µSv/y). With effective dose due to uranium in water exceeding the reference level of 0.1mSv/y in some localities, it is therefore necessary to always carryout radiological investigations alongside analysis of major anions and cations present in the groundwater for safety reasons.
Bulk and molecular properties of oils extracted from various oil sands were examined to show the ... more Bulk and molecular properties of oils extracted from various oil sands were examined to show the effect of biodegradation and water washing on oil quality. Our results indicate that the total ion current (TIC) fragmentograms of all the studied oils show the presence of significant unresolved complex mixture (UCM) components, which is a common characteristic of oils that have undergone biodegradation. All the studied oils are also enriched in the polar fractions (asphaltene + resin) and depleted in the saturate oil fractions consistent with oils that have undergone biodegradation. The studied oils are also acidic, having total acid numbers (TAN) > ~0.5 mgKOH/goil. Such high TAN values have serious negative impact on the economic value of the oils, as high oil acidity is known to cause production and downstream handling problems such as corrosion and the formation of emulsions. This study also demonstrates that geological and geochemical processes that appear to give rise to a high concentration of sulfur in oils, and to oil acidity (typically measured as TAN), are those that favour biodegradation. Water washing is observed to occur simultaneously with biodegradation in all the studied oils. Vital roles played by water in petroleum biodegradation include acting as a reactant in biodegradation processes and carrying nutrients needed for life.
Fluoride content in water has received a world-wide attention due to its importance to health. Th... more Fluoride content in water has received a world-wide attention due to its importance to health. This study attempts to trace the factors responsible for low fluoride levels in the aquifers of the Jos Younger Granites despite the high fluorine content in the rocks. A total of 41groundwater samples (1 mining pond, 2 hand pumps and 38 hand dug wells), 7 rock samples from the various lithological units, and 13 soil sections from two exposed locations were collected and analyzed for their fluorine content. Analysis of major cations was carried out using ICP-OES; the anions were analyzed using the UV multi-ion parameter and bicarbonates by titration method. Fluoride in underground water was determined by multi-ion parameter. Fluorine in rocks and soil were analyzed by the fusion method. The rock samples show variations in their fluorine content (Jos – Bukuru Biotite Granite 6,231, aplo-pegmatic granite-gneiss (basement rock) 4,864, Quartz-pyroxenes-fayalite porphyry 1,280, Dilimi-Biotite G...
Petroleum exploration have been ongoing in the northern Benue Trough Nigeria, with little success... more Petroleum exploration have been ongoing in the northern Benue Trough Nigeria, with little success in locating commercial oil pool. Clastic petroleum reservoir has been the main exploration target in the region, despite existence of other possible petroleum reservoir rock types. In this study, field, petrographic and geochemical evidences were presented to show the occurrences of oil in basement reservoir rocks (Precambrian Older Granite), clastic reservoir rocks (Cretaceous Bima Formation) and carbonate reservoir rock (Cretaceous Yolde Formation) of the region. The studied oils which occurs as brittle solids and viscous fluids in the fractures and/or pore spaces of the studied rocks are believed to have been emplaced into fractures and pore spaces of the studied rocks as conventional light oils that have now been degraded to bitumen by biodegradation and water washing processes. TIC fragmentogram of the saturate fractions of the studied oils show the presence of unresolved complex m...
International Conference and Exhibition, Barcelona, Spain, 3-6 April 2016, 2016
Sandstone, shale and limestone, constitute the lithological units occurring in the southern part ... more Sandstone, shale and limestone, constitute the lithological units occurring in the southern part of the Middle-Benue Trough of Nigeria. The geochemistry of major, trace and rare earth element (Na2O, K2O and Ba, Cu, Zn, Co, Sc, Ni, Cr, V, Th, U, Nb, Rb, Sr, Zr, and Y) of the Cretaceous marine and continental sediments belonging to the Asu-River Group, Awe, Keana, Ezeaku and Agwu formations was carried out to determine the provenance, tectonic setting and depositional environment of the sediments. Chemical analysis show that the sediments are depleted in Na2O which may be due to intense chemical weathering at source rock area during fluvial transportation of detrital materials. Al2O3/TiO3 ratio (8-21%), La/Sc, Th/Sc, La/ Co ratios, Cr, Th values points to an intermediate- felsic provenance under different tectonic environments. Na2O/K2O ratio of less than 1 indicates matured sediments while the Ni/Co ratio (<5), V/V+Ni ratio (<9) and low value Cu/Zn ratio indicates an oxic environment of deposition and the Th/U ratio (<7)strongly suggest a dominantly marine environment. The oxic marine environment provided a conducive environment for organisms that could have destroyed the hydrocarbon producing materials to thrive, thus making the environment unfavorable for the production of hydrocarbon especially the light crude.
Water samples collected from 60 wells located within Naraguta Sheet 168 in North Central Nigeria ... more Water samples collected from 60 wells located within Naraguta Sheet 168 in North Central Nigeria were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for uranium concentrations and other selected trace elements. This is aimed at assessing the radiation dose arising from intake of uranium through drinking water pathway for different age groups in the area. Results obtained show that uranium concentration in groundwater within the study area is generally within the acceptable reference level of 0.1mSv/y except in some places around Bukuru, Rayfield and Bishichi areas underlain mainly by the Jos-Bukuru Younger Granite Complex. The uranium values in groundwater within Naraguta Sheet 168 vary from 0.02-168.7 ppb, representing an activity concentration of 0.516-4.353 mBq/l. Radiation dose due to intake of uranium through drinking water pathway from the area is calculated to be 0.045-378.098 (µSv/y) among infants of 0-6 months, 0.051-432.112 (µSv/y) among infants of 7-12...
Bulk and molecular properties of oils extracted from various oil sands were examined to show the ... more Bulk and molecular properties of oils extracted from various oil sands were examined to show the effect of biodegradation and water washing on oil quality. Our results indicate that the total ion current (TIC) fragmentograms of all the studied oils show the presence of significant unresolved complex mixture (UCM) components, which is a common characteristic of oils that have undergone biodegradation. All the studied oils are also enriched in the polar fractions (asphaltene + resin) and depleted in the saturate oil fractions consistent with oils that have undergone biodegradation. The studied oils are also acidic, having total acid numbers (TAN) > ~0.5 mgKOH/goil. Such high TAN values have serious negative impact on the economic value of the oils, as high oil acidity is known to cause production and downstream handling problems such as corrosion and the formation of emulsions. This study also demonstrates that geological and geochemical processes that appear to give rise to a high concentration of sulfur in oils, and to oil acidity (typically measured as TAN), are those that favour biodegradation. Water washing is observed to occur simultaneously with biodegradation in all the studied oils. Vital roles played by water in petroleum biodegradation include acting as a reactant in biodegradation processes and carrying nutrients needed for life.
Water samples collected from 60 wells located within Naraguta Sheet 168 in North Central Nigeria ... more Water samples collected from 60 wells located within Naraguta Sheet 168 in North Central Nigeria were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for uranium concentrations and other selected trace elements. This is aimed at assessing the radiation dose arising from intake of uranium through drinking water pathway for different age groups in the area. Results obtained show that uranium concentration in groundwater within the study area is generally within the acceptable reference level of 0.1mSv/y except in some places around Bukuru, Rayfield and Bishichi areas underlain mainly by the Jos-Bukuru Younger Granite Complex. The uranium values in groundwater within Naraguta Sheet 168 vary from 0.02-168.7 ppb, representing an activity concentration of 0.516-4.353 mBq/l. Radiation dose due to intake of uranium through drinking water pathway from the area is calculated to be 0.045-378.098 (µSv/y) among infants of 0-6 months, 0.051-432.112 (µSv/y) among infants of 7-12 months, 0.029-247.829 (µSv/y) among children between 1-3 years of age, and 0.026-216.056 (µSv/y) for children between 4-8 years. For 9-13 years old male children, it is 0.031-259.267 (µSv/y), while for the female children of the same age range, it is 0.031-259.267 (µSv/y). Male teenagers of between 14-18 years receives 0.042-351.250 (µSv/y) and female in the same age category receives 0.042-244.811 (µSv/y). Among the adult males older than 18 years, the radiation dose is 0.031-264.710 (µSv/y) and among females of 18 years and above, it is 0.023-193.021 (µSv/y). With effective dose due to uranium in water exceeding the reference level of 0.1mSv/y in some localities, it is therefore necessary to always carryout radiological investigations alongside analysis of major anions and cations present in the groundwater for safety reasons.
Bulk and molecular properties of oils extracted from various oil sands were examined to show the ... more Bulk and molecular properties of oils extracted from various oil sands were examined to show the effect of biodegradation and water washing on oil quality. Our results indicate that the total ion current (TIC) fragmentograms of all the studied oils show the presence of significant unresolved complex mixture (UCM) components, which is a common characteristic of oils that have undergone biodegradation. All the studied oils are also enriched in the polar fractions (asphaltene + resin) and depleted in the saturate oil fractions consistent with oils that have undergone biodegradation. The studied oils are also acidic, having total acid numbers (TAN) > ~0.5 mgKOH/goil. Such high TAN values have serious negative impact on the economic value of the oils, as high oil acidity is known to cause production and downstream handling problems such as corrosion and the formation of emulsions. This study also demonstrates that geological and geochemical processes that appear to give rise to a high concentration of sulfur in oils, and to oil acidity (typically measured as TAN), are those that favour biodegradation. Water washing is observed to occur simultaneously with biodegradation in all the studied oils. Vital roles played by water in petroleum biodegradation include acting as a reactant in biodegradation processes and carrying nutrients needed for life.
Fluoride content in water has received a world-wide attention due to its importance to health. Th... more Fluoride content in water has received a world-wide attention due to its importance to health. This study attempts to trace the factors responsible for low fluoride levels in the aquifers of the Jos Younger Granites despite the high fluorine content in the rocks. A total of 41groundwater samples (1 mining pond, 2 hand pumps and 38 hand dug wells), 7 rock samples from the various lithological units, and 13 soil sections from two exposed locations were collected and analyzed for their fluorine content. Analysis of major cations was carried out using ICP-OES; the anions were analyzed using the UV multi-ion parameter and bicarbonates by titration method. Fluoride in underground water was determined by multi-ion parameter. Fluorine in rocks and soil were analyzed by the fusion method. The rock samples show variations in their fluorine content (Jos – Bukuru Biotite Granite 6,231, aplo-pegmatic granite-gneiss (basement rock) 4,864, Quartz-pyroxenes-fayalite porphyry 1,280, Dilimi-Biotite G...
Petroleum exploration have been ongoing in the northern Benue Trough Nigeria, with little success... more Petroleum exploration have been ongoing in the northern Benue Trough Nigeria, with little success in locating commercial oil pool. Clastic petroleum reservoir has been the main exploration target in the region, despite existence of other possible petroleum reservoir rock types. In this study, field, petrographic and geochemical evidences were presented to show the occurrences of oil in basement reservoir rocks (Precambrian Older Granite), clastic reservoir rocks (Cretaceous Bima Formation) and carbonate reservoir rock (Cretaceous Yolde Formation) of the region. The studied oils which occurs as brittle solids and viscous fluids in the fractures and/or pore spaces of the studied rocks are believed to have been emplaced into fractures and pore spaces of the studied rocks as conventional light oils that have now been degraded to bitumen by biodegradation and water washing processes. TIC fragmentogram of the saturate fractions of the studied oils show the presence of unresolved complex m...
International Conference and Exhibition, Barcelona, Spain, 3-6 April 2016, 2016
Sandstone, shale and limestone, constitute the lithological units occurring in the southern part ... more Sandstone, shale and limestone, constitute the lithological units occurring in the southern part of the Middle-Benue Trough of Nigeria. The geochemistry of major, trace and rare earth element (Na2O, K2O and Ba, Cu, Zn, Co, Sc, Ni, Cr, V, Th, U, Nb, Rb, Sr, Zr, and Y) of the Cretaceous marine and continental sediments belonging to the Asu-River Group, Awe, Keana, Ezeaku and Agwu formations was carried out to determine the provenance, tectonic setting and depositional environment of the sediments. Chemical analysis show that the sediments are depleted in Na2O which may be due to intense chemical weathering at source rock area during fluvial transportation of detrital materials. Al2O3/TiO3 ratio (8-21%), La/Sc, Th/Sc, La/ Co ratios, Cr, Th values points to an intermediate- felsic provenance under different tectonic environments. Na2O/K2O ratio of less than 1 indicates matured sediments while the Ni/Co ratio (<5), V/V+Ni ratio (<9) and low value Cu/Zn ratio indicates an oxic environment of deposition and the Th/U ratio (<7)strongly suggest a dominantly marine environment. The oxic marine environment provided a conducive environment for organisms that could have destroyed the hydrocarbon producing materials to thrive, thus making the environment unfavorable for the production of hydrocarbon especially the light crude.
Water samples collected from 60 wells located within Naraguta Sheet 168 in North Central Nigeria ... more Water samples collected from 60 wells located within Naraguta Sheet 168 in North Central Nigeria were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for uranium concentrations and other selected trace elements. This is aimed at assessing the radiation dose arising from intake of uranium through drinking water pathway for different age groups in the area. Results obtained show that uranium concentration in groundwater within the study area is generally within the acceptable reference level of 0.1mSv/y except in some places around Bukuru, Rayfield and Bishichi areas underlain mainly by the Jos-Bukuru Younger Granite Complex. The uranium values in groundwater within Naraguta Sheet 168 vary from 0.02-168.7 ppb, representing an activity concentration of 0.516-4.353 mBq/l. Radiation dose due to intake of uranium through drinking water pathway from the area is calculated to be 0.045-378.098 (µSv/y) among infants of 0-6 months, 0.051-432.112 (µSv/y) among infants of 7-12...
Bulk and molecular properties of oils extracted from various oil sands were examined to show the ... more Bulk and molecular properties of oils extracted from various oil sands were examined to show the effect of biodegradation and water washing on oil quality. Our results indicate that the total ion current (TIC) fragmentograms of all the studied oils show the presence of significant unresolved complex mixture (UCM) components, which is a common characteristic of oils that have undergone biodegradation. All the studied oils are also enriched in the polar fractions (asphaltene + resin) and depleted in the saturate oil fractions consistent with oils that have undergone biodegradation. The studied oils are also acidic, having total acid numbers (TAN) > ~0.5 mgKOH/goil. Such high TAN values have serious negative impact on the economic value of the oils, as high oil acidity is known to cause production and downstream handling problems such as corrosion and the formation of emulsions. This study also demonstrates that geological and geochemical processes that appear to give rise to a high concentration of sulfur in oils, and to oil acidity (typically measured as TAN), are those that favour biodegradation. Water washing is observed to occur simultaneously with biodegradation in all the studied oils. Vital roles played by water in petroleum biodegradation include acting as a reactant in biodegradation processes and carrying nutrients needed for life.
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