With a motto of “Be Worthy to Serve the Suffering,” Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society (AΩA)... more With a motto of “Be Worthy to Serve the Suffering,” Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society (AΩA) supports the importance, inclusion, and development of a culturally and ethnically diverse medical profession with equitable access for all. The underrepresentation of minorities in medical schools and medicine continues to be a challenge for the medical profession, medical education, and AΩA. AΩA has worked, and continues to work, to ensure the development of diverse leaders, fostering within them the objectivity and equity to be inclusive servant leaders who understand and embrace diversity in all its forms. Inclusion of talented individuals from different backgrounds benefits patient care, population health, education, and scientific discovery. AΩA values an inclusive, diverse, fair, and equitable work and learning environment for all and supports the medical profession in its work to achieve a welcoming, inclusive environment in teaching, learning, caring for patients, and collaboration. The diversity of medical schools is changing and will continue to change. AΩA is committed to continuing to work with its members, medical school deans, and AΩA chapters to assure that AΩA elections are unbiased and based on the values of AΩA and the profession of medicine in service to patients and the profession. Progress toward diversity, inclusion, and equity is more than simply checking off a box or responding to criticism—it is about being and developing diverse excellent physicians. AΩA and all those in the medical profession must continue to guide medicine to be unbiased, open, accepting, inclusive, and culturally aware in order to “Be Worthy to Serve the Suffering.”
Consent forms are often long and incomprehensible. The authors studied 88 consecutive research co... more Consent forms are often long and incomprehensible. The authors studied 88 consecutive research consent forms generated at the Denver Veterans Administration Medical Center, evaluating the reading levels of the forms using the Fry Readability Scale and recording the numbers of lines of text. The mean grade reading level required for comprehension was 13.4 years of schooling. Twenty-two percent of all
Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Community Development, 2012
of poor, rural, mountainous, and densely populated Rwandan communities. This system and its subse... more of poor, rural, mountainous, and densely populated Rwandan communities. This system and its subsequent iterations have the potential to directly address the biggest public health concern in many communities around the world. This project directly addresses several of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG), including reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, combating disease, ensuring environmental sustainability, and developing a global partnership for development 2. IMPLICATIONS Water-borne disease is a leading cause of illness in the developing world, contributing to the death of 15 million children every year, on average 1. However, there has yet to be developed a catch-all technology that can successfully be implemented in most developing communities. The BYOW system developed by EWB-USA is a unique assembly of previously proven water-treatment technologies that directly addresses the specifi c constraints and requirements
A due balance and equilibrium ofthe mind u bestpreserved by a large and multiform knowledge; but ... more A due balance and equilibrium ofthe mind u bestpreserved by a large and multiform knowledge; but knowledge itselfu best served by an exclusive (or at least paramount) dedication of one man to one science.—Thomas De Quincey (1) A popular debate in today's medical literature concerns the question of whether specialism has had a positive or negative impact on health. Our own view is that specialism is a historically inevitable process which has brought both harm and good, and we believe that physicians can profit more from understanding the evolution of specialism than from trying to quantify its effects. We also feel that as specialism continues to flourish, a new cadre of highly trained generalists is emerging to deal with the medical needs of most patients. In the following article, we discuss this trend along with the history of medical specialism, particu- larly in the United States, and its impact on health care. We wish to emphasize from the outset that the evolution of medical specialism should not be regarded merely as a progression from the simple to the complex. Although physicians throughout history have limited the scope of their practices in the face of increasing medical knowledge, specialism does not necessarily follow from generalism and actually may have preceded it. Studies of prehistoric societies, cited by Rosen (2), reveal the presence of several types of healers, each with his own attributes. These healers have utilized prayers and counseling, medicaments, or manual procedures and thereby correspond to con- temporary practitioners in the fields of psychiatry, medicine, and surgery. A fourth, and probably older field, has dealt with the diseases of women and newborns. Overlapping the modern areas of obstetrics and ?Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University ofColorado Medi- cal Center, 4200 E. 9th Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80262. Work sponsored by a grant from the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, Palo Alto, California. We thankJudith A. Luce, M.D., and Lawrence E. Feinberg, M.D., for their editorial assistance and Karen Michelsen for preparing our manuscript.
The Pharos of Alpha Omega Alpha-Honor Medical Society. Alpha Omega Alpha, 2013
Purpose The year 2020 will probably be looked on by the historians of the future as one of the mo... more Purpose The year 2020 will probably be looked on by the historians of the future as one of the more curious times in the modern era. The year itself, a bit like 1984, had been looked forward to a great deal as it had been the focus for many a discussion and set of predictions of what the future would be like. In the 1960s and 1970s, people read George Orwell’s dystopian novel with wonder and not a little nervous excitement knowing that they would probably live to see the year itself. It was probably almost a disappointment to see that there was no totalitarian state and brutal regime in the UK when the year finally came around, although there were plenty of those to witness elsewhere. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds his/her own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings The year 2020 will probably be looked on by the historians of the future as one of the more curious times in the modern era. The year itself, a bit like 1984, had been looked forward to a great deal as it had been the focus for many a discussion and set of predictions of what the future would be like. In the 1960s and 1970s, people read George Orwell’s dystopian novel with wonder and not a little nervous excitement knowing that they would probably live to see the year itself. It was probably almost a disappointment to see that there was no totalitarian state and brutal regime in the UK when the year finally came around, although there were plenty of those to witness elsewhere. Practical implications This paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics, 1997
BACKGROUND: Calcium channel blockers have been successfully used for the treatment of hypertensio... more BACKGROUND: Calcium channel blockers have been successfully used for the treatment of hypertension. In this study, the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers nifedipine coat-core 30 mg and amlodipine 5 mg were evaluated. METHODS: This multicenter, double-blind, prospective, randomized, parallel-arm study compared once daily administration of nifedipine coat-core 30 mg with once daily amlodipine 5 mg in subjects with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. A 4-week placebo run-in period was followed by an 8-week active treatment period. Blood pressure reduction was measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and casual office blood pressure measured by mercury sphygmomanometer. RESULTS: Nifedipine coat-core and amlodipine produced equivalent reductions in mean diastolic blood pressure, as determined by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Mean reduction in diastolic blood pressure was 5.4 mmHg and 5.8 mmHg for nifedipine co...
Cardiovascular drugs and therapy / sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, 1996
The antihypertensive activity and safety of losartan, a specific and selective antagonist of angi... more The antihypertensive activity and safety of losartan, a specific and selective antagonist of angiotensin II (subtype 1) receptors, was evaluated in 100 inpatients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. After a 2-week, single-blind, out patient placebo lead-in period, the last 2 days of which included inpatient monitoring of baseline blood pressure, the patients were assigned randomly to receive once-daily doses of either placebo; 50, 100, or 150 mg losartan; or 10 mg enalapril. Patients were treated double blind for 5 days, followed by a day for the study of drug withdrawal. Beginning with the first dose, the three doses of losartan and enalapril significantly decreased peak and trough systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared with placebo (p < or = 0.05). The area under the blood pressure curve was analyzed as an assessment of total blood pressure change throughout the day. On day 1, total blood pressure reduction with losartan (50-150 mg) was slightly less than wit...
The effects of selective beta 1- as compared to nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking drugs on th... more The effects of selective beta 1- as compared to nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking drugs on the peripheral circulation have not been adequately investigated. Ten healthy subjects received placebo for 1 wk followed by 4 wk of either propranolol or metoprolol in equivalent but increasing doses each week. Subjects then crossed over to the other sequence of placebo and drug. Measurements of calf blood flow, mean blood pressure, and calculation of calf vascular resistance were obtained at rest, after three loads of supine exercise on a bicycle ergometer, and during isoproterenol infusion testing. At the doses chosen, both beta-adrenergic blocking drugs induced equivalent decreases in exercise heart rate. Metoprolol lowered resting and exercise mean blood pressure at most doses, whereas propranolol had less of an effect on this variable. Neither drug altered resting or exercise calf blood flow or vascular resistance. More isoproterenol was required to increase the heart rate and decrea...
In a randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging trial, the acute antihypertensive effects of 7.5, 15,... more In a randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging trial, the acute antihypertensive effects of 7.5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 mg single daily doses of urapidil were compared with those of placebo in 10 patients with essential hypertension. Patients were randomized to either urapidil or placebo, such that each active drug day was followed by a placebo washout day. Blood pressure and heart rate responses were measured in the supine position, immediately upon standing, and after 3 to 5 minutes of standing for each dose. A variable but significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressures that lasted from 4.5 to 8 hours was observed primarily at the 60, 90, and 120 mg doses (P less than 0.05). The maximum reduction in diastolic blood pressure occurred in the standing position at 3 to 5 hours after dosing. When urapidil was compared with placebo, a change from the supine to the standing positions produced a significantly larger reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (P...
With a motto of “Be Worthy to Serve the Suffering,” Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society (AΩA)... more With a motto of “Be Worthy to Serve the Suffering,” Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society (AΩA) supports the importance, inclusion, and development of a culturally and ethnically diverse medical profession with equitable access for all. The underrepresentation of minorities in medical schools and medicine continues to be a challenge for the medical profession, medical education, and AΩA. AΩA has worked, and continues to work, to ensure the development of diverse leaders, fostering within them the objectivity and equity to be inclusive servant leaders who understand and embrace diversity in all its forms. Inclusion of talented individuals from different backgrounds benefits patient care, population health, education, and scientific discovery. AΩA values an inclusive, diverse, fair, and equitable work and learning environment for all and supports the medical profession in its work to achieve a welcoming, inclusive environment in teaching, learning, caring for patients, and collaboration. The diversity of medical schools is changing and will continue to change. AΩA is committed to continuing to work with its members, medical school deans, and AΩA chapters to assure that AΩA elections are unbiased and based on the values of AΩA and the profession of medicine in service to patients and the profession. Progress toward diversity, inclusion, and equity is more than simply checking off a box or responding to criticism—it is about being and developing diverse excellent physicians. AΩA and all those in the medical profession must continue to guide medicine to be unbiased, open, accepting, inclusive, and culturally aware in order to “Be Worthy to Serve the Suffering.”
Consent forms are often long and incomprehensible. The authors studied 88 consecutive research co... more Consent forms are often long and incomprehensible. The authors studied 88 consecutive research consent forms generated at the Denver Veterans Administration Medical Center, evaluating the reading levels of the forms using the Fry Readability Scale and recording the numbers of lines of text. The mean grade reading level required for comprehension was 13.4 years of schooling. Twenty-two percent of all
Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Community Development, 2012
of poor, rural, mountainous, and densely populated Rwandan communities. This system and its subse... more of poor, rural, mountainous, and densely populated Rwandan communities. This system and its subsequent iterations have the potential to directly address the biggest public health concern in many communities around the world. This project directly addresses several of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG), including reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, combating disease, ensuring environmental sustainability, and developing a global partnership for development 2. IMPLICATIONS Water-borne disease is a leading cause of illness in the developing world, contributing to the death of 15 million children every year, on average 1. However, there has yet to be developed a catch-all technology that can successfully be implemented in most developing communities. The BYOW system developed by EWB-USA is a unique assembly of previously proven water-treatment technologies that directly addresses the specifi c constraints and requirements
A due balance and equilibrium ofthe mind u bestpreserved by a large and multiform knowledge; but ... more A due balance and equilibrium ofthe mind u bestpreserved by a large and multiform knowledge; but knowledge itselfu best served by an exclusive (or at least paramount) dedication of one man to one science.—Thomas De Quincey (1) A popular debate in today's medical literature concerns the question of whether specialism has had a positive or negative impact on health. Our own view is that specialism is a historically inevitable process which has brought both harm and good, and we believe that physicians can profit more from understanding the evolution of specialism than from trying to quantify its effects. We also feel that as specialism continues to flourish, a new cadre of highly trained generalists is emerging to deal with the medical needs of most patients. In the following article, we discuss this trend along with the history of medical specialism, particu- larly in the United States, and its impact on health care. We wish to emphasize from the outset that the evolution of medical specialism should not be regarded merely as a progression from the simple to the complex. Although physicians throughout history have limited the scope of their practices in the face of increasing medical knowledge, specialism does not necessarily follow from generalism and actually may have preceded it. Studies of prehistoric societies, cited by Rosen (2), reveal the presence of several types of healers, each with his own attributes. These healers have utilized prayers and counseling, medicaments, or manual procedures and thereby correspond to con- temporary practitioners in the fields of psychiatry, medicine, and surgery. A fourth, and probably older field, has dealt with the diseases of women and newborns. Overlapping the modern areas of obstetrics and ?Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University ofColorado Medi- cal Center, 4200 E. 9th Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80262. Work sponsored by a grant from the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, Palo Alto, California. We thankJudith A. Luce, M.D., and Lawrence E. Feinberg, M.D., for their editorial assistance and Karen Michelsen for preparing our manuscript.
The Pharos of Alpha Omega Alpha-Honor Medical Society. Alpha Omega Alpha, 2013
Purpose The year 2020 will probably be looked on by the historians of the future as one of the mo... more Purpose The year 2020 will probably be looked on by the historians of the future as one of the more curious times in the modern era. The year itself, a bit like 1984, had been looked forward to a great deal as it had been the focus for many a discussion and set of predictions of what the future would be like. In the 1960s and 1970s, people read George Orwell’s dystopian novel with wonder and not a little nervous excitement knowing that they would probably live to see the year itself. It was probably almost a disappointment to see that there was no totalitarian state and brutal regime in the UK when the year finally came around, although there were plenty of those to witness elsewhere. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds his/her own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings The year 2020 will probably be looked on by the historians of the future as one of the more curious times in the modern era. The year itself, a bit like 1984, had been looked forward to a great deal as it had been the focus for many a discussion and set of predictions of what the future would be like. In the 1960s and 1970s, people read George Orwell’s dystopian novel with wonder and not a little nervous excitement knowing that they would probably live to see the year itself. It was probably almost a disappointment to see that there was no totalitarian state and brutal regime in the UK when the year finally came around, although there were plenty of those to witness elsewhere. Practical implications This paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics, 1997
BACKGROUND: Calcium channel blockers have been successfully used for the treatment of hypertensio... more BACKGROUND: Calcium channel blockers have been successfully used for the treatment of hypertension. In this study, the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers nifedipine coat-core 30 mg and amlodipine 5 mg were evaluated. METHODS: This multicenter, double-blind, prospective, randomized, parallel-arm study compared once daily administration of nifedipine coat-core 30 mg with once daily amlodipine 5 mg in subjects with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. A 4-week placebo run-in period was followed by an 8-week active treatment period. Blood pressure reduction was measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and casual office blood pressure measured by mercury sphygmomanometer. RESULTS: Nifedipine coat-core and amlodipine produced equivalent reductions in mean diastolic blood pressure, as determined by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Mean reduction in diastolic blood pressure was 5.4 mmHg and 5.8 mmHg for nifedipine co...
Cardiovascular drugs and therapy / sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, 1996
The antihypertensive activity and safety of losartan, a specific and selective antagonist of angi... more The antihypertensive activity and safety of losartan, a specific and selective antagonist of angiotensin II (subtype 1) receptors, was evaluated in 100 inpatients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. After a 2-week, single-blind, out patient placebo lead-in period, the last 2 days of which included inpatient monitoring of baseline blood pressure, the patients were assigned randomly to receive once-daily doses of either placebo; 50, 100, or 150 mg losartan; or 10 mg enalapril. Patients were treated double blind for 5 days, followed by a day for the study of drug withdrawal. Beginning with the first dose, the three doses of losartan and enalapril significantly decreased peak and trough systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared with placebo (p < or = 0.05). The area under the blood pressure curve was analyzed as an assessment of total blood pressure change throughout the day. On day 1, total blood pressure reduction with losartan (50-150 mg) was slightly less than wit...
The effects of selective beta 1- as compared to nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking drugs on th... more The effects of selective beta 1- as compared to nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking drugs on the peripheral circulation have not been adequately investigated. Ten healthy subjects received placebo for 1 wk followed by 4 wk of either propranolol or metoprolol in equivalent but increasing doses each week. Subjects then crossed over to the other sequence of placebo and drug. Measurements of calf blood flow, mean blood pressure, and calculation of calf vascular resistance were obtained at rest, after three loads of supine exercise on a bicycle ergometer, and during isoproterenol infusion testing. At the doses chosen, both beta-adrenergic blocking drugs induced equivalent decreases in exercise heart rate. Metoprolol lowered resting and exercise mean blood pressure at most doses, whereas propranolol had less of an effect on this variable. Neither drug altered resting or exercise calf blood flow or vascular resistance. More isoproterenol was required to increase the heart rate and decrea...
In a randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging trial, the acute antihypertensive effects of 7.5, 15,... more In a randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging trial, the acute antihypertensive effects of 7.5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 mg single daily doses of urapidil were compared with those of placebo in 10 patients with essential hypertension. Patients were randomized to either urapidil or placebo, such that each active drug day was followed by a placebo washout day. Blood pressure and heart rate responses were measured in the supine position, immediately upon standing, and after 3 to 5 minutes of standing for each dose. A variable but significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressures that lasted from 4.5 to 8 hours was observed primarily at the 60, 90, and 120 mg doses (P less than 0.05). The maximum reduction in diastolic blood pressure occurred in the standing position at 3 to 5 hours after dosing. When urapidil was compared with placebo, a change from the supine to the standing positions produced a significantly larger reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (P...
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Papers by Richard Byyny