Papers by RANA MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH Zahid
Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Technology
In recent time, internet has revolutionized the whole technology. It is acting as a backbone for ... more In recent time, internet has revolutionized the whole technology. It is acting as a backbone for the information technology. Subsequently, IoT has seen considerable development as internet became more common. Similarly, research is being carried out to make IoT applications more user friendly especially in web based and android technologies. Internet of thing gives an extensive control by enabling to control remotely the switching of electronics devices such as fan, water pump, cameras, TV etc. In this paper, an IoT based home automation system for remotely controlling the home equipment’s is proposed. We are using Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa to control and monitor the electrical appliances with voice command through internet which gives more space for controlling electrical appliances. In automations, things are automatically controlled usually the basic tasks of turning ON/OFF of devices. Here we can not only turn on/off basic devices but can also regulate the speed of fan b...
Life and Science
Objective: To assess pathologies in patients previously diagnosed with migraine for their recurre... more Objective: To assess pathologies in patients previously diagnosed with migraine for their recurrent headachecomplaints, with an aim to uncover the misdiagnosis of migraine.Study Design: Prospective cohort study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Emergency Departments of Military Hospital andCombined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan from April 2018 to February 2019.Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective cohort study. Raosoft was used for sample size calculation.Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. All patients included in the study were diagnosed asa case of migraine by a Medical Specialist /Neurologist and were already on treatment protocols for migraine.All patients with additional CNS pathology were excluded from this study. The data analysis was done using IBMSPSS for Windows version 25. Categorical Data was presented as percentages and frequencies.Results: One hundred thirty one patients participated in the study. The s...
Malaysian Family Physician
This article summarises common oral lesions that clinicians may face in everyday practice by cate... more This article summarises common oral lesions that clinicians may face in everyday practice by categorising them by clinical presentation: ulcerated lesions, white or mixed white–red lesions, lumps and bumps, and pigmented lesions. The pathologies covered include recurrent aphthous stomatitis, herpes simplex virus, oral squamous cell carcinoma, geographic tongue, oral candidosis, oral lichen planus, pre-malignant disorders, pyogenic granuloma, mucocele and squamous cell papilloma, oral melanoma, hairy tongue and amalgam tattoo. The objective of this review is to improve clinician knowledge and confidence in assessing and managing common oral lesions presenting in the primary care setting.
Cureus
Open Access Original Article
Cureus
Introduction Color vision testing was first seen as a parameter to be tested in the 1700s. Nowada... more Introduction Color vision testing was first seen as a parameter to be tested in the 1700s. Nowadays, it is a well-known phenomenon with significant quality-of-life implications. Structures involved in color vision include the lens, pupil, retinal cone photopigments, and several photoreceptor processes that translate the incoming spectrum of different light wavelengths into a processed colored image. An initial color vision assessment was made simply by comparing the color perception of the individual to that of the examiner. The most commonly used tools to screen for color vision defects today are color plates, such as the Ishihara color plates. In the modern age, smartphones have evolved to become an essential part of our everyday lives with applications such as Eye Handbook, which allow easier access to color vision testing using color plates displayed on smartphone screens. In this study, we compared color vision testing on Android and iOS devices to the standard Ishihara booklet. Materials and methods A cross-sectional validation study was performed on patients presenting to the Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan for six months. The sample size collected was 162 with a 95% confidence interval. The age range of the sample population was kept at 12-70 years. A patient was selected for participation in the study, and a color vision assessment was performed using the Ishihara color plates and Android and iOS smartphones. The collected data was then entered into IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Statistics 25 for analysis, with the p-value being kept at 0.05. Results The sample size was 162, with the gender distribution being predominantly male (69.14%). The average age of the participants was 35.94 (SD = 12.04). The result of the two-tailed paired sample z-test was not significant based on a p-value of 0.565, indicating the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. This finding suggests the difference between the mean of Ishihara and the mean of the iPhone was not significantly different from zero. Similar results were found for comparisons between Android smartphones and the Ishihara booklet. Conclusions Previous studies conducted showed nearly 60% of subjects with normal color vision correctly identified all colors on standard Ishihara color plates. The two-tailed paired sample t-test conducted in our study showed no significant difference between either of the smartphone groups (iPhone or Android) and the Ishihara booklet group, indicating that smartphones present a viable alternative to standard Ishihara booklet testing. However, there are certain limitations to our study. Different types of smartphone screens present a challenge in standardization while testing color vision, something that is not a problem when using the Ishihara booklet. However, smartphones are more widely available, more versatile, and present far greater ease of access. Both these factors should be considered when comparing the two in future studies.
Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences
Microbes with their versatile abilities can potentially be used for the treatment of various indu... more Microbes with their versatile abilities can potentially be used for the treatment of various industrial effluents; for removal or degradation of variety of harmful substances present inside them which would otherwise have severe detrimental impacts on terrestrial and aquatic environment, if discharged untreated. This article sums up the use of various microbes for treatment of several industrial effluents like industrial effluents from dyes, pesticide, plastic etc. The use of bacteria in dye industries can remove colors present in the wastewater, up to 100% in just 1 hour, if used as consortium. Plastic industrial effluents can also be treated by microbes, especially by forming biofilms. The article contains information about the selective use of these microbes coupled with different processes and highlights the best results achieved, without the addition of any chemical which might end up turning into a pollutant for the environment.
The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine
Background Horner’s syndrome is a rare complication of central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. I... more Background Horner’s syndrome is a rare complication of central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. It comprises a triad of unilateral ptosis, ipsilateral meiosis with a normally reactive pupil, and ipsilateral facial anhidrosis of variable spread. Case presentation A 25-year-old female who underwent CVC insertion developed ptosis, reverse ptosis, meiosis, dilational lag, and enophthalmos after her procedure. The patient was diagnosed with a case of Horner’s syndrome attributed to occulosympathetic damage due to CVC in the catheter, after exclusion of all other sources. The patient was counseled regarding the etiology of the disease and advised monthly follow-up. Conclusions Horner’s syndrome is an uncommon complication that can easily be prevented by corrections in technique and experience. The study emphasizes the establishment of diagnostic and preventive principles for HS.
Cureus
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by the dysgen... more Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by the dysgenesis of the anterior segment along with some systemic abnormalities such as dental and facial bone defects. Its incidence is thought to be 1 in 200,000. Treatment is predominantly the management of glaucoma and is mostly medical but can be surgical in refractory cases. Here, we describe the case of a 35-year-old female patient who presented with co-existing vernal keratoconjunctivitis and ARS. The treatment was more challenging as we had to manage two conditions simultaneously.
The Cardiothoracic Surgeon
Background Jarcho-Levin syndrome (JLS) is a genetic condition that constitutes specific vertebral... more Background Jarcho-Levin syndrome (JLS) is a genetic condition that constitutes specific vertebral anomalies combined with coastal or thoracic anomalies due to specific gene mutations. Although the condition is associated typically to Puerto-Ricans, we describe the novel case of JLS in a Pakistani family that presented with respiratory distress secondary to the condition. Case presentation The case is a full-term girl that had a webbed neck with an undefined chest deformity. Radiology showed kyphoscoliosis and a crablike chest. Early identification of these high morbidity conditions is key to allow for optimal treatment and improved outcomes. Conclusions We have provided a brief breakdown of the management principles of the condition and more than 80 years after the first case of Jarcho-Levin syndrome was reported, we present the diagnostic criterion for JLS.
Cureus, 2021
Large ovarian tumours are rare. Various diagnostic modalities are used to help in confirming the ... more Large ovarian tumours are rare. Various diagnostic modalities are used to help in confirming the size and type of ovarian tumours. Laparotomy in a lateral decubitus position under general anaesthesia is the most common treatment approach. Here we present a case of a 17-year-old unmarried girl from whom a 13 kg ovarian tumor was resected. We highlight in this case report the mental stress that a patient goes through when accused of having an extramarital pregnancy by the community in a conservative society like ours. Furthermore, the importance of psychological support and counselling is paramount.
Sarhad journal of management sciences, Jun 30, 2021
The behavioural biases impact the decision-making of individual investor in the stock market, hen... more The behavioural biases impact the decision-making of individual investor in the stock market, hence, modern finance theories presumed that investor does not make a rational decision. This research paper aims to examine the impact of behavioral factors on environmental issues regarding individual investor's decision-making in the Stock Market of Pakistan. The data was collected from five provinces of Pakistan through adapted questionnaires; a sample size of 421 individual investors of the Pakistan stock market. This study applied the Structural Equation Model (SEM) using SmartPLS to analyze the influence of individual investor's behavioural factors on environmental issues. This study finding showed that overconfidence, loss aversion, mental accounting, and herding biases of individual investors positively affect investment decisions on environmental issues. This study attempts to fulfil the gap by analyzing behavioral factors and environmental issues in the Pakistan stock market. However, the current study contributes to the existing literature on behavioral finance and environmental issues in the Pakistan stock market. Furthermore, the current study will be useful for financial professionals, regulatory authorities, or investment advisors, academia as well as practitioners.
BioTechniques, 2021
Trypan blue staining is a classic way of visualizing leaf disease and wound responses in plants, ... more Trypan blue staining is a classic way of visualizing leaf disease and wound responses in plants, but it involves working with toxic chemicals and is time-consuming (2–3 days). Here, the investigators established near-infrared scanning with standard lab equipment as a fast and nondestructive method for the analysis of leaf injuries compared with trypan blue staining. Pathogen-inoculated and wounded leaves from potato, tomato, spinach, strawberry, and arabidopsis plants were used for proof of concept. The results showed that this newly developed protocol with near-infrared scanning gave the same results as trypan blue staining. Furthermore, a macro in FIJI was made to quantify the leaf damage. The new protocol was time-efficient, nondestructive, chemical-free and may be used for high-throughput studies.
Australian Journal of General Practice, 2021
Oman Journal of Ophthalmology, 2021
Ligneous conjunctivitis is a rare disease in which pseudomembranes develop on the mucosal surface... more Ligneous conjunctivitis is a rare disease in which pseudomembranes develop on the mucosal surfaces of the eye. Only a handful of cases have been reported in the past 100 years. Although plasminogen deficiency is largely implicated in the pathogenesis of this condition, infectious agents are also thought to play a role in worsening the disease. Treatment is usually challenging. We present a case of 3-year-old female in whom a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from the culture of the pseudomembranes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time P. aeruginosa has been implicated as an exacerbation factor. Furthermore, we have given merit to the triple regimen of corticosteroids, heparin, and cyclosporine as being effective. We also added antibiotics to target the infectious organism.
Cureus, 2020
Migrainous infarction is a complication of migraine that accounts for 0.5-1.5% of all cerebral in... more Migrainous infarction is a complication of migraine that accounts for 0.5-1.5% of all cerebral infarcts, usually seen in the posterior circulation and in young women. In this case report, we report a case of a rightsided middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke in a young male presenting with migraine, photophobia and phonophobia lasting for more than 60 minutes and followed by ipsilateral hemiparesis, which is a very unusual presentation. The provisional diagnosis of ischemic infarction of the right middle cerebral artery was made that was confirmed on radio imaging. A high index of suspicion is always required while dealing with patients with migraine especially in atypical presentations as in this case.
Cureus, 2019
The objective of this study was to determine the awareness among healthcare professionals regardi... more The objective of this study was to determine the awareness among healthcare professionals regarding stethoscopes as a source of nosocomial infections, their cleaning practices in this regard before or after examination, and to find out about the existence of any guidelines and accountability criteria issued by the hospitals in this regard.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019
Plants have a variety of ways to defend themselves against pathogens. A commonly used model of th... more Plants have a variety of ways to defend themselves against pathogens. A commonly used model of the plant immune system is divided into a general response triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and a specific response triggered by effectors. The first type of response is known as PAMP triggered immunity (PTI), and the second is known as effector-triggered immunity (ETI). To obtain better insight into changes of protein abundance in immunity reactions, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of a PTI and two different ETI models (relating to Phytophthora infestans) in potato. Several proteins showed higher abundance in all immune reactions, such as a protein annotated as sterol carrier protein 2 that could be interesting since Phytophthora species are sterol auxotrophs. RNA binding proteins also showed altered abundance in the different immune reactions. Furthermore, we identified some PTI-specific changes of protein abundance, such as for example, a glyoxy...
International journal of medical education, Jan 12, 2016
To compare the Problem-based learning (PBL) with the traditional lecture-based curricula. The sin... more To compare the Problem-based learning (PBL) with the traditional lecture-based curricula. The single best answer Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) and the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) were used to compare performance of the lecture-based curriculum with the PBL medical student groups. The reliability for the MCQs and OSCE was calculated with Kuder-Richardson formula and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. The content validity of the MCQs and OSCE were tested by the Independent Subject Experts (ISE). The Student's t-test for independent samples was used to compare the item difficulty of the MCQs and OSCE's, and the Chi-square test was used to compare the grades between the two student groups. The PBL students outperformed the old curriculum students in overall grades, theoretical knowledge base (tested with K2 type MCQs) and OSCE. The number of the PBL students with scores between 80-90% (grade B) was significantly (p=0.035) higher while their number with sc...
European Respiratory Journal, Sep 1, 2011
Introduction: PE is usually investigated and treated as in-patient but there is growing evidence ... more Introduction: PE is usually investigated and treated as in-patient but there is growing evidence that significant proportion of patients might be safely managed in the out patient setting with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Aims: To assess compliance and safety of our hospital pathway for out-patient management of suspected PE. Methods: We studied a prospective cohort of patients with suspected PE managed as outpatients using LMHW from the day of presentation untill either the diagnosis of PE was excluded or confirmed. We analysed patients referred to ambulatory care clinic with suspected PE from June 2009 till June 2010. 42 patients met the inclusion criteria. All patients were reviewed in clinic after a V/Q scan or CTPA. Results: 16 (38%) patients were diagnosed with PE. Average time taken for PE to be diagnosed or excluded was 57 hours. There were no deaths or complications recorded from either PE or LMWH. No significant differences in clinical and physiological parameters were noted except for systolic BP (p 0.043). Conclusion: Its probably safe to investigate and treat suspected PE as outpatient in selected clinically stable patients. Larger multi-centre randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm this finding.
Chronic hepatitis is a common liver infection usually caused by different viruses, where Hepatiti... more Chronic hepatitis is a common liver infection usually caused by different viruses, where Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been documented as the major cause and lead to many complications. Globally about 2 billion people are HBV positive and 7-9 million are in carrier state in Pakistan. In this study the prevalence of HBV was confirmed by q-PCR based on age , gender and area. Total 183 serum samples were processed through real-time PCR for detection of HBV DNA and age wise, gender wise and area wise data was analyzed through Chi square test. Genomic DNA of HBV was detected in 99 (54.06%) samples out of total 183 ELISA positive samples of suspected liver disease patients. Out of 99 patients, 66.66% were male and 33.33 % were female patients. Positive cases in age wise people of <20 years was 37.37%, 21-40 years 42.42% and in 41-60 years (16.16%) and in age > 60 years 4.04% was observed. In Tehsil wise distribution, 54.54% HBV DNA positive samples were found in Tehsil Mardan, 32.32% ...
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Papers by RANA MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH Zahid