SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:3490.17782(CSC-ENP--86-11) / BLDS... more SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:3490.17782(CSC-ENP--86-11) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
This is a reflection on the implementation of Shahjalal Fertilizer Project (SFP) what is today Sh... more This is a reflection on the implementation of Shahjalal Fertilizer Project (SFP) what is today Shahjalal Fertilizer Co. Ltd. (SFCL). This deals with a wide range of issues covering technical, contractual, and administrative involving SFP, General Contractor, sub-contractors, Process Licensors and vendors. These arose because of mindset, interpretation of contract clauses, inexperience, expectation and frustration of both Owner and General Contractor. Lessons learned would enable BCIC to undertake such projects in future by avoiding pitfalls and missteps of SFP. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21(2020) 1-13
This paper reviews and explores the latest evidence from the gas sector of Bangladesh and highlig... more This paper reviews and explores the latest evidence from the gas sector of Bangladesh and highlights areas that would benefit from further research. The study reported actual consumption of gas by different sectors; projection of demands by various studies and plan documents; estimates of gas reserves and potential by various studies; and operation of the International Oil Companies (IOCs) in Bangladesh.
AMIraet-An experimental investigation into turbulent heat transfer to pseudoplastic titanium diox... more AMIraet-An experimental investigation into turbulent heat transfer to pseudoplastic titanium dioxide suspensions in pipes has been carried out. Existing heat transfer correlations, including the analogy equations between heat and momentum transfer, generally predict higher Nusselt and Stanton numbers than those observed experimentally. However, a simplified heat transfer model based on the consideration of the laminar sub-layer at the wall and the turbulent core correlates the heat transfer results for heating as well as cooling. The limitations of the existing analogy equations between heat and momentum transfer are discussed.
An extension of the Taylor-Prandtl analogy for momentum and heat transfer is presented for time-i... more An extension of the Taylor-Prandtl analogy for momentum and heat transfer is presented for time-independent non-New tonian fluids. The development given requires pressure drop-flowmte characteristics of the fluids in laminar as well as in turbulent flow in smooth tubes. There is thus no commitment to a specific fluid model. Linear velocity and temperature distributions are used for the viscous sub-layer and an effective viscosity pe, where c(~ = [7,/(8V/D)] L, is used for the momentum flux in the viscous sub-layer. In evaluating the Prandtl group F'r,, the effective viscosity ue is used. The effective viscosity used here is different from the apparent viscosity and the effective viscosity used by Metzner et al. and Petersen and Christiansen; the Reynoldsgroup ReB used is based on Bowen's pammeters. In evaluating Pr, for suspensions, the fluid properties used are those of the continuous phase which occupies the viscous sub-layer. The analysis has also been extended to power law fluids and to other fluids whose laminar flow properties have been obtained with rotational viscometers.
A strategic program for developing the fertilizer sector in Bangladesh for sustainable agricultur... more A strategic program for developing the fertilizer sector in Bangladesh for sustainable agriculture is presented in this paper. Based on the land utilization and likely cropping patterns in the future, the expected demands for different fertilizers such as urea, diammonium phosphate, TSP, SSP and MOP have been estimated. Considering the production capacities of different fertilizers in the country as well as the conditions of the plants against the estimated demands, Bangladesh immediately requires to add additional production capacities for urea (1122,000 tpy), SSP (960,000 tpy), Phosphoric acid (226,000 tpy, 100% P 2 O 5), Sulfuric Acid (1000,000 tpy) and Muriate of Potash (700,000 tpy). The estimated investment for adding these capacities would be around US$ 1860 million. If these additional capacities are not built, the costs for import of different fertilizers including staple cereals would be in excess of US$ 1700 (fertilizer ≈ US$ 900) million every year. If the envisaged projects for adding capacities are implemented, this will make the agriculture sustainable and less dependent on import of fertilizers.
The rapid growth of textile industry in Bangladesh plays an important role in economic developmen... more The rapid growth of textile industry in Bangladesh plays an important role in economic development. The sludge from the wastewater treatment plant in textile units is considered hazardous as it is often contaminated with heavy metals of dyestuffs and chemicals. Currently, land filling is the most common practice for textile sludge disposal. Leaching of heavy metals from textile sludge is a growing concern in Bangladesh. This study attempts to find out an environment-friendly solution for the management of the textile sludge. In this study, sludge samples were collected from treatment plants of various textile units located at Savar, Gazipur and Narsingdi. An electric incinerator was designed, fabricated and installed for the incineration of textile sludge. The sludge samples were incinerated at 500 0 C, 700 0 C and finally at 800 0 C for different time intervals. The volume reduction of the sludge samples was nearly 80% at 800 0 C. The incineration techniques were used for volume reduction and destruction of the hazardous elements. The oven dried samples were powdered and mixed at various proportions (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) with clay for making the ceramic products and also mixed with sand, cement and aggregates for making blocks for the stabilization of heavy metals in sludge. The properties of ceramic products such as firing shrinkage, bulk density, leaching of Heavy metals and the compressive strengths were evaluated. Incinerated ash samples were also used for ceramic tiles and block preparations. The concentrations of heavy metal in leachate from the stabilized sludge samples were very low. The compressive strength, bulk density, water absorption of the stabilized sludge and ash samples were examined and the results showed that up to 10% of the raw sludge and 10-20% ash samples could be used for stabilization and/or solidification and additionally, 80% volume reduction of the raw sludge could be obtained.
Calcium chloride has diverse industrial applications. In spite of its demand and availability of ... more Calcium chloride has diverse industrial applications. In spite of its demand and availability of raw materials locally, there are no chemical industries in Bangladesh that produce calcium chloride as a major product. This work was undertaken to assess the feasibility of production of calcium chloride on bench-scale by limestone-hydrochloric acid process and the quality of the product. Different amounts of limestone and 35.5% hydrochloric acid (by weight) were reacted in a PVC reactor to produce calcium chloride. Solubility at different temperature, pH, and calcium content were among the parameters measured to assess the product quality. FTIR Spectroscopy was also conducted to determine the quality of the product. Solubility values of the product ranged between 96-155g/100g water for temperatures between 30-100°C; calcium content of the product was found to be 25%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v28i1.18101 Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 1, December 2013: 1-3
Quality precipitated calcium carbonate has much demand in various chemical and allied industries ... more Quality precipitated calcium carbonate has much demand in various chemical and allied industries as filler, surface coating, whitening, adhesive etc. A study was carried out by modifying classical lime-soda process to obtain high quality precipitated calcium carbonate. The experiments were carried out in two stages using commercial and analytical grades of sodium carbonate and lime as reactants. After causticization, the filtrates from the washing of calcium carbonate were used to prepare all solutions for reactions in next stage. The precipitated calcium carbonate obtained from the process was analyzed and comparisons were made with the commercially available precipitated calcium carbonate produced from carbonation method. The calcium carbonate produced from causticization was superior to those produced by carbonation method in the country. The crystal structure of carbonate was calcite.
The Karnaphuli Rayon Complex (KRC) was permanently closed down in January 1997 by leaving behind ... more The Karnaphuli Rayon Complex (KRC) was permanently closed down in January 1997 by leaving behind about 180 tons of Carbon Disulfide (CS 2) in sixteen storage tanks at various locations of KRC and CS 2 plant including in some vessels of CS 2 plant itself. An incineration facility was planned, designed, constructed, commissioned and operated to dispose all CS 2 left behind. The facility used some of the facilities of the closed Sulfuric Acid Plant (30 tpd) which was closed in December 2002. The incineration facility was commissioned on April 1, 2008 and the processing of CS 2 was completed on September 16, 2008. Catastrophic failure of the tanks was inevitable and matter of time. Such failure would have led to events worse than Bhopal causing deaths, fatal injuries and immediate environmental damage of all types. This is a success story of local engineering endeavor from laboratory to industry.
Isothermal and non-isothermal flow rate-pressure drop data in turbulent flow through smooth pipes... more Isothermal and non-isothermal flow rate-pressure drop data in turbulent flow through smooth pipes have been obtained for non-Newtoniao fluids, including aqueous solutions of polymers and aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide. It has been found that the friction factor, L is a function of a new form of Reynolds number, ReB, based on the parameters A, x and w of Bowen's correlation, viz. ~-wD ~ = A~ w where r, is the wall shear stress, ~ the mean velocity, D the pipe diameter; A, x and w are experimentally derived parameters which characterise the fluid.
The historical development of chemical industry in Bangladesh during the past fifty years has bee... more The historical development of chemical industry in Bangladesh during the past fifty years has been presented including existing predicaments and what are to be done to meet the challenge of the 21st century for the desired growth of the sector.Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 11 (2007) 77-100
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:3490.17782(CSC-ENP--86-11) / BLDS... more SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:3490.17782(CSC-ENP--86-11) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
This is a reflection on the implementation of Shahjalal Fertilizer Project (SFP) what is today Sh... more This is a reflection on the implementation of Shahjalal Fertilizer Project (SFP) what is today Shahjalal Fertilizer Co. Ltd. (SFCL). This deals with a wide range of issues covering technical, contractual, and administrative involving SFP, General Contractor, sub-contractors, Process Licensors and vendors. These arose because of mindset, interpretation of contract clauses, inexperience, expectation and frustration of both Owner and General Contractor. Lessons learned would enable BCIC to undertake such projects in future by avoiding pitfalls and missteps of SFP. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21(2020) 1-13
This paper reviews and explores the latest evidence from the gas sector of Bangladesh and highlig... more This paper reviews and explores the latest evidence from the gas sector of Bangladesh and highlights areas that would benefit from further research. The study reported actual consumption of gas by different sectors; projection of demands by various studies and plan documents; estimates of gas reserves and potential by various studies; and operation of the International Oil Companies (IOCs) in Bangladesh.
AMIraet-An experimental investigation into turbulent heat transfer to pseudoplastic titanium diox... more AMIraet-An experimental investigation into turbulent heat transfer to pseudoplastic titanium dioxide suspensions in pipes has been carried out. Existing heat transfer correlations, including the analogy equations between heat and momentum transfer, generally predict higher Nusselt and Stanton numbers than those observed experimentally. However, a simplified heat transfer model based on the consideration of the laminar sub-layer at the wall and the turbulent core correlates the heat transfer results for heating as well as cooling. The limitations of the existing analogy equations between heat and momentum transfer are discussed.
An extension of the Taylor-Prandtl analogy for momentum and heat transfer is presented for time-i... more An extension of the Taylor-Prandtl analogy for momentum and heat transfer is presented for time-independent non-New tonian fluids. The development given requires pressure drop-flowmte characteristics of the fluids in laminar as well as in turbulent flow in smooth tubes. There is thus no commitment to a specific fluid model. Linear velocity and temperature distributions are used for the viscous sub-layer and an effective viscosity pe, where c(~ = [7,/(8V/D)] L, is used for the momentum flux in the viscous sub-layer. In evaluating the Prandtl group F'r,, the effective viscosity ue is used. The effective viscosity used here is different from the apparent viscosity and the effective viscosity used by Metzner et al. and Petersen and Christiansen; the Reynoldsgroup ReB used is based on Bowen's pammeters. In evaluating Pr, for suspensions, the fluid properties used are those of the continuous phase which occupies the viscous sub-layer. The analysis has also been extended to power law fluids and to other fluids whose laminar flow properties have been obtained with rotational viscometers.
A strategic program for developing the fertilizer sector in Bangladesh for sustainable agricultur... more A strategic program for developing the fertilizer sector in Bangladesh for sustainable agriculture is presented in this paper. Based on the land utilization and likely cropping patterns in the future, the expected demands for different fertilizers such as urea, diammonium phosphate, TSP, SSP and MOP have been estimated. Considering the production capacities of different fertilizers in the country as well as the conditions of the plants against the estimated demands, Bangladesh immediately requires to add additional production capacities for urea (1122,000 tpy), SSP (960,000 tpy), Phosphoric acid (226,000 tpy, 100% P 2 O 5), Sulfuric Acid (1000,000 tpy) and Muriate of Potash (700,000 tpy). The estimated investment for adding these capacities would be around US$ 1860 million. If these additional capacities are not built, the costs for import of different fertilizers including staple cereals would be in excess of US$ 1700 (fertilizer ≈ US$ 900) million every year. If the envisaged projects for adding capacities are implemented, this will make the agriculture sustainable and less dependent on import of fertilizers.
The rapid growth of textile industry in Bangladesh plays an important role in economic developmen... more The rapid growth of textile industry in Bangladesh plays an important role in economic development. The sludge from the wastewater treatment plant in textile units is considered hazardous as it is often contaminated with heavy metals of dyestuffs and chemicals. Currently, land filling is the most common practice for textile sludge disposal. Leaching of heavy metals from textile sludge is a growing concern in Bangladesh. This study attempts to find out an environment-friendly solution for the management of the textile sludge. In this study, sludge samples were collected from treatment plants of various textile units located at Savar, Gazipur and Narsingdi. An electric incinerator was designed, fabricated and installed for the incineration of textile sludge. The sludge samples were incinerated at 500 0 C, 700 0 C and finally at 800 0 C for different time intervals. The volume reduction of the sludge samples was nearly 80% at 800 0 C. The incineration techniques were used for volume reduction and destruction of the hazardous elements. The oven dried samples were powdered and mixed at various proportions (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) with clay for making the ceramic products and also mixed with sand, cement and aggregates for making blocks for the stabilization of heavy metals in sludge. The properties of ceramic products such as firing shrinkage, bulk density, leaching of Heavy metals and the compressive strengths were evaluated. Incinerated ash samples were also used for ceramic tiles and block preparations. The concentrations of heavy metal in leachate from the stabilized sludge samples were very low. The compressive strength, bulk density, water absorption of the stabilized sludge and ash samples were examined and the results showed that up to 10% of the raw sludge and 10-20% ash samples could be used for stabilization and/or solidification and additionally, 80% volume reduction of the raw sludge could be obtained.
Calcium chloride has diverse industrial applications. In spite of its demand and availability of ... more Calcium chloride has diverse industrial applications. In spite of its demand and availability of raw materials locally, there are no chemical industries in Bangladesh that produce calcium chloride as a major product. This work was undertaken to assess the feasibility of production of calcium chloride on bench-scale by limestone-hydrochloric acid process and the quality of the product. Different amounts of limestone and 35.5% hydrochloric acid (by weight) were reacted in a PVC reactor to produce calcium chloride. Solubility at different temperature, pH, and calcium content were among the parameters measured to assess the product quality. FTIR Spectroscopy was also conducted to determine the quality of the product. Solubility values of the product ranged between 96-155g/100g water for temperatures between 30-100°C; calcium content of the product was found to be 25%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v28i1.18101 Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 1, December 2013: 1-3
Quality precipitated calcium carbonate has much demand in various chemical and allied industries ... more Quality precipitated calcium carbonate has much demand in various chemical and allied industries as filler, surface coating, whitening, adhesive etc. A study was carried out by modifying classical lime-soda process to obtain high quality precipitated calcium carbonate. The experiments were carried out in two stages using commercial and analytical grades of sodium carbonate and lime as reactants. After causticization, the filtrates from the washing of calcium carbonate were used to prepare all solutions for reactions in next stage. The precipitated calcium carbonate obtained from the process was analyzed and comparisons were made with the commercially available precipitated calcium carbonate produced from carbonation method. The calcium carbonate produced from causticization was superior to those produced by carbonation method in the country. The crystal structure of carbonate was calcite.
The Karnaphuli Rayon Complex (KRC) was permanently closed down in January 1997 by leaving behind ... more The Karnaphuli Rayon Complex (KRC) was permanently closed down in January 1997 by leaving behind about 180 tons of Carbon Disulfide (CS 2) in sixteen storage tanks at various locations of KRC and CS 2 plant including in some vessels of CS 2 plant itself. An incineration facility was planned, designed, constructed, commissioned and operated to dispose all CS 2 left behind. The facility used some of the facilities of the closed Sulfuric Acid Plant (30 tpd) which was closed in December 2002. The incineration facility was commissioned on April 1, 2008 and the processing of CS 2 was completed on September 16, 2008. Catastrophic failure of the tanks was inevitable and matter of time. Such failure would have led to events worse than Bhopal causing deaths, fatal injuries and immediate environmental damage of all types. This is a success story of local engineering endeavor from laboratory to industry.
Isothermal and non-isothermal flow rate-pressure drop data in turbulent flow through smooth pipes... more Isothermal and non-isothermal flow rate-pressure drop data in turbulent flow through smooth pipes have been obtained for non-Newtoniao fluids, including aqueous solutions of polymers and aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide. It has been found that the friction factor, L is a function of a new form of Reynolds number, ReB, based on the parameters A, x and w of Bowen's correlation, viz. ~-wD ~ = A~ w where r, is the wall shear stress, ~ the mean velocity, D the pipe diameter; A, x and w are experimentally derived parameters which characterise the fluid.
The historical development of chemical industry in Bangladesh during the past fifty years has bee... more The historical development of chemical industry in Bangladesh during the past fifty years has been presented including existing predicaments and what are to be done to meet the challenge of the 21st century for the desired growth of the sector.Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 11 (2007) 77-100
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