Papers by Professor Ziad AL-Dwairi
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Journal of Dental Education, 2005
The aim of this study was to assess the compliance of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in the ... more The aim of this study was to assess the compliance of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in the private sector in North Jordan with infection control measures. A pilot-tested questionnaire about infection control measures was distributed in March 2004 to 120 private practices. The response rate was 91.66 percent. About 77 percent of dentists usually ask their patients about medical history, 36 percent were vaccinated against hepatitis B, 81.8 percent wear and change gloves during treatment and between patients, and 54.5 percent wear and change masks during treatment and between patients. Most dental practitioners (95.4 percent) reported that they changed extraction instruments and burs between patients. All dental practitioners reported that they changed saliva ejectors between patients, but only 41.8 percent changed handpieces between patients. Approximately 63 percent (69/110) used autoclaves for sterilization, 47.3 percent (52/110) used plastic bags to wrap sterilized instruments, and only 18 percent (20/110) disinfected impressions before sending them to dental labs. Fourteen percent used rubber dams in their clinics, and only 31.8 percent had special containers for sharps disposal. Based on these responses, approximately 14 percent of general dentists in this sample were considered to be compliant with an inventory of recommended infection control measures. In Jordan, there is a great need to provide formal and obligatory infection control courses and guidelines for private dentists by the Ministry of Health and the dental association in addition to distribution of standard infection control manuals that incorporate current infection control recommendations.
Journal of Dental Education, 2004
There has always been some degree of cheating in educational institutions. Many students who have... more There has always been some degree of cheating in educational institutions. Many students who have difficulty retaining information, or who are just too lazy to work, turn to cheating as an easy way to obtain high marks. The aims of this study were to investigate undergraduate dental students' attitudes about the seriousness of thirteen cheating behaviors and to determine the students' attitudes about justification for cheating. A multiple choice questionnaire was distributed to 200 undergraduate dental students at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Jordan University of Science and Technology in the second through the fifth year of the curriculum in order to rate thirteen cheating behaviors and report their degree of satisfaction with studying dentistry. The response rate was 100 percent. Nine out of the thirteen cheating behaviors were considered as serious by about 85 percent of students. This majority also reported that they enjoyed studying dentistry compared to 10 percent who liked dentistry and 5 percent who disliked dentistry. Those 85 percent reported that they considered themselves to be ethical, while 10 percent selected somewhat ethical and 5 percent selected not ethical. This study revealed the importance of the issue of cheating and how it is evaluated by dental students who may benefit from educational programs as part of their curriculum.
Journal of Dental Education, 2007
The risk of cross-infection in dental clinics and laboratories has attracted the attention of pra... more The risk of cross-infection in dental clinics and laboratories has attracted the attention of practitioners for the past few years, yet several medical centers have discarded compliance with infection control guidelines, resulting in a non-safe environment for research and medical care. In Jordan, there is lack of known standard infection control programs that are conducted by the Jordanian Dental Technology Association and routinely practiced in commercial dental laboratories. The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge and practices in infection control among dental technicians working in commercial dental laboratories in Jordan. Data were collected from the dental technicians by a mailed questionnaire developed by the author. The questionnaire asked respondents to provide demographic data about age and gender and to answer questions about their knowledge and practice of infection control measures: use of gloves, use of protective eyeglasses and face shields, hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination, laboratory work disinfection when sent to or received from dental offices. and regularly changing pot water or pumice slurry. Of the total respondents, 135 were males (67.5 percent) and sixty-five were females (32.5 percent) with a mean age of twentyseven years. The results showed that 24 percent of laboratory technicians wore gloves when receiving dental impressions, while 16 percent continued to wear them while working. Eyeglasses and protective face shields were regularly worn by 35 percent (70/200) and 40 percent (80/200) of technicians, respectively. Fourteen (14 percent) had received an HBV vaccination, and 17 percent inquired if any disinfection measures were taken in the clinic. Eighty-six percent of the technicians reported that pumice slurry and curing bath water were rarely changed. Only five dental technicians (two males and three females) were considered to be fully compliant with the inventory of infection control measures, a compliance rate of 2.5 percent with no significant difference between males and females (p>0.05). In conclusion, there is lack of compliance with infection control procedures of dental technicians working in commercial laboratories in Jordan.
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2006
Aim To determine the prevalence of tori in Jordanian edentulous patients, the sex variation in th... more Aim To determine the prevalence of tori in Jordanian edentulous patients, the sex variation in their distribution, and their clinical characteristics. Methods Three hundred and thirty eight patients were examined in the Prosthodontic Clinic in the Department of Restorative Dentistry at Jordan University of Science and Technology. The location, extent, and clinical presentation of tori were recorded related to the age and sex of patients. Results The overall prevalence of tori was 13.9%. The prevalence of torus palatinus was 29.8% (14/47), while that of torus mandibularis was significantly higher 42.6%(20/47). Both types of tori were associated with each other in 27.7% of cases (13/47). Conclusions There was no significant difference in the prevalence of tori between males and females. There seems to be a strong association between mandibular and palatal tori. Citation Al Quran FAM, Al-Dwairi ZN. Torus Palatinus and Torus Mandibularis in Edentulous Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006...
Avicenna Journal of Dental Research, 2017
Background: Numerous studies showed that the convergence angle (CA) of prepared teeth for fixed p... more Background: Numerous studies showed that the convergence angle (CA) of prepared teeth for fixed prosthodontics in the clinical practice is greater than the recommended values. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the total occlusal convergence (TOC) angles of metal ceramic fixed prosthodontics among dental students [final-year undergraduate (UG) and Master Prosthodontics (MS) students] and general practitioners (GP) in their private clinics with the recommended value (≤ 12 degrees). Methods: The buccolingual (BL) and mesiodistal (MD) TOC of 114, 90, and 111 stone dies referred to UG, MS, and GP, respectively, were measured. These dies included incisors, premolars, and molars. One sample Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Mean values of TOC for UG were 27.8 degrees BL and 20.9 degrees MD, whereas they were 30.6 degrees BL and 18.2 degrees MD for MS. GP had TOC of 35.5 degrees BL and 24 degrees MD. GP had significantly higher TOC values than the other groups (0.001 > P value ≤ 0.007). In each group, TOC did not differ when calculated for partial fixed prosthodontic and single crown abutments (0.117 ≤ P value ≤ 0.797). Molars in general had the highest TOC values. Only 0.9%, 3.3%, and 0.9% of UG, MS, and GP, respectively, respected the TOC ≤ 12 degrees. Conclusions: In all the groups, tooth preparations were inconsistent with the recommended TOC values, even among specialists in fixed prosthodontics. These results support the existing literature that the recommended values were rarely achieved and may require reconsideration. Clinical Significance: Clinically, the CA values of prepared teeth for fixed prosthodontics exceed the recommended values in most cases, not only among general practitioners, but also among students in academic institutes. Thus, the effects of teeth preparations with CA greater than the recommended values on the longevity of the prosthodontics should be further investigated.
Journal of Oral Hygiene & Health, 2013
Aim: In Jordan, there is no available studies that investigated the association between complete ... more Aim: In Jordan, there is no available studies that investigated the association between complete edentulism and socioeconomic factors. The aim of this study therefore was to assess the need and demand for complete and partial dentures by Jordanian adults and assess the relationship between socio-demographic variables with complete edentulism. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 600 patients. A pilot-tested questionnaire was presented to the participants The variable studied were: age, gender, education status, economic status, smoking status, dental health insurance and dental preventive attitude. Results: The results showed that 173 patients (28.9%) were allocated in the 51-60 age bands in contrast to 73 subjects (12.16%) from the 61-70 age group. Among the 600 subjects, 403 (67.17%) needed complete dentures (308 needed upper and lower, 95 needed single complete dentures). Removable partial dentures were needed by 197 (32.8%) of subjects. Of the patients with no education112 of 308 patients applied for upper and lower complete dentures compared to 18/197 subjects who needed removable partial dentures and 20/95 subjects who needed single complete dentures. Among the 259 subjects with low monthly income of 150 JD, 210 (68.2%) subjects needed upper and lower complete dentures, There was no significant difference in denture demand among patients with dental health insurance (p>0.05). Sixty-five subjects of the 348 with no preventive attitude needed partial dentures in a significant comparison to 283 (81%) who applied for complete dentures (p<0.05). Over 65% of the subjects were smokers with over 74% of them required removable complete dentures. Conclusion: It is concluded that in addition to addressing the non-disease factors, dental education should be targeted at the uneducated population, and low-income groups to reduce the rate of total edentulism.
International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Science, 2015
Purpose: This paper presents the results of a survey of dentists practicing implant dentistry reg... more Purpose: This paper presents the results of a survey of dentists practicing implant dentistry regarding their knowledge of risk factors that they considered to be important for predicting dental implant failure. Materials and Methods: A pilot-tested questionnaire was distributed to 100 dentists known to practice implant dentistry. The questionnaire enquired about speciality, qualifications, dental implant experience in addition to knowledge of factors that could lead to dental implants failure. Results: Seventy seven participating dentists were working in private sector and 58 were general dental practitioners. Forty eight dentists were reported to place more than 50 implants (per year), and 50% had an experience of less than 5 years. The most widely used implant system in Jordan was the Oraltronics (Pit-Easy®) with 54% having used it. Fifty percent of dentists believed that the posterior maxilla was the most risky intra-oral site for implant failure. Over 50% of the sample believed that cylindrical and machined surface implants were the most risky types of implants associated with failures. Seventy four dentists believed that posterior extension cantilever design was the prosthetic design most associated with dental implant failure. Experience, age and specialty significantly influenced the knowledge of factors that could lead to implant failure (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results obtained underscore the importance of obtaining comprehensive implantology education in Jordan.
Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985), 2015
The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of eugenol-based and resin-based endodontic s... more The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of eugenol-based and resin-based endodontic sealers on the push-out bond strengths of prefabricated fiber posts luted with different resin cements. Ninety prefabricated fiber posts were luted into extracted singlerooted teeth with one of three resin cements (Variolink II, ParaCore, or Rely X Unicem). Each group was subdivided into three groups with 10 teeth each. The first two groups were obturated with gutta percha and one of two eugenol-based endodontic sealers (Endofil or TubliSeal) each. The third group was obturated with gutta percha and (AH26) resin-based root canal sealer. Push-out tests were performed in a universal testing machine by applying a load speed at 0.5 mm/min by using a 1-mm-diameter metallic plunger which induced a load in an apical to coronal direction. The maximum value for post dislodgement (in Newtons) was recorded. Data were collected and statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple compari...
The International journal of prosthodontics
This study considered the need and demand for complete dentures in a select group of 600 Jordania... more This study considered the need and demand for complete dentures in a select group of 600 Jordanian adults and the relationship between complete edentulism and sociodemographic variables by means of a pilot-tested questionnaire. Both maxillary and mandibular dentures were fabricated for 505 subjects, while 95 needed complete dentures in only one arch. Significantly more men than women requested complete dentures. Approximately 80% (28 of 35) of subjects who required replacement dentures for esthetic reasons were women, while over 85% (18 of 21) of subjects who required a spare set of dentures were men. The findings suggest a significant relationship between sociodemographic variables and edentulism, with age, education level, and socioeconomic status playing vital roles in edentulism and denture demand.
The European journal of prosthodontics and restorative dentistry, 2006
This study aimed to investigate the frequency of different classes of patterns of partial edentul... more This study aimed to investigate the frequency of different classes of patterns of partial edentulism and the most frequently used design components of conventional cobalt-chromium RPD constructed for patients attending a dental teaching hospital in Jordan. Two- hundred laboratory authorization forms were reviewed. Of the total 200 patients (150 male, 48 females, mean age 44.5 years), 150 patients had both maxillary and mandibular Co-Cr RPDs constructed with a total number of frameworks sums to 350. Kennedy classification was followed to identify the class of partial edentulism. Of the total 350 patterns, Kennedy class III was the most common classification encountered in maxilla (47%) and in the mandible (45%). Among combinations, maxillary Kennedy class III classification opposing mandibular class III was the most common combination (30%). The lingual bar was the most frequently designed major connector (77%), while palatal strap was the most common connector in the maxilla (38%). ...
Journal of Prosthodontic Research, 2012
Purpose: Candida-associated denture stomatitis is the most prevalent form of oral candidosis affe... more Purpose: Candida-associated denture stomatitis is the most prevalent form of oral candidosis affecting 65% of denture wearers. Failure of therapy and recurrence of infection are not uncommon and the continuous use of antifungal agents may affect the surface properties of the denture material and may contribute to Candida adhesion. This study aimed to investigate surface properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA denture material before and after exposure to antifungal agents and its relation to in vitro adhesion of Candida albicans. Methods: Four groups of acrylic specimens (20 mm  20 mm  2.5 mm) were prepared (25 specimens in each group). Specimens were immersed in nystatin (group 1), fluconazole (group 2), distilled water (group 3) and group 4 was not exposed. Specimens were tested for surface roughness, contact angle, surface hardness and in vitro Candida adherence to PMMA. Results: The results showed that nystatin had no statistically significant effect on surface hardness (P > 0.05), but had a statistically significant effect on surface roughness, contact angle, and Candida adhesion to PMMA (P < 0.05). On the other hand, fluconazole had no statistically significant effect on surface hardness or roughness (P > 0.05), but had a statistically significant effect on contact angle, and Candida adhesion to PMMA (P < 0.05). Distilled water had no statistically significant effect on surface hardness, roughness, contact angle, or Candida adhesion to PMMA (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Exposure of PMMA to nystatin may induce changes in roughness, wettability while exposure to fluconazole may affect surface free energy and therefore may increase Candida adhesion to it.
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2015
The outline shapes of the dental arch, face, and tooth are esthetic factors used to determine the... more The outline shapes of the dental arch, face, and tooth are esthetic factors used to determine the proper form of artificial teeth when selected for artificial prostheses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quantitative relationships between the outlines of the face, the maxillary central incisor, and the maxillary arch by using Fourier analysis. Frontal facial photographs and irreversible hydrocolloid impressions of the maxilla were obtained from 200 young, dentate individuals (100 men, 100 women) ages 22 to 28 years. On the resultant casts, standardized photographs were made for the dental arch and the maxillary central incisor. The outlines of the face, dental arch, and tooth were digitally traced and the digitized curved outlines were converted into X-Y coordinates with special software, which, in turn, were imported into Fourier Shape Descriptor software for harmonic analysis. The quantitative outputs of Fourier analyses were analyzed and tested with statistical software to investigate the differences across the shapes of the 3 outlines under study. Facial and tooth outlines were similar for each sex, although the similarity was stronger among the men. By contrast, no relationship was found between tooth and maxillary arch outlines or between face and maxillary arch outlines. Face and tooth forms were quantitatively related. Therefore, face form may reliably guide the selection of artificial anterior tooth form in complete denture prostheses or any complex anterior restorations.
Journal of Oral Implantology, 2009
The widespread use of endosseous osseointegrated implants to replace missing natural teeth increa... more The widespread use of endosseous osseointegrated implants to replace missing natural teeth increases the chances of implant complications and failures, despite the high initial success rate reported in the literature. Implant fracture is one possible complication that results in ultimate failure of the dental implant. Such a complication poses a management crisis even for the most experienced clinician. This article reports on a case of implant fracture, its possible causes, and how the case was managed.
Bone Marrow Transplantation, 2012
We studied 172 patients for development of ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogene... more We studied 172 patients for development of ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) from 2002 to 2009. Ocular GVHD was diagnosed in 60 patients (38%), with 27 (16%) being diagnosed at days 100 and 33 (23%) beyond day 100 for a 2-year cumulative incidence of 35% (95% confidence interval (CI), 28-43). The positive and negative predictive values of a Schirmer I test score (using p5 mm as a cutoff) in predicting ocular GVHD (day 100) were 41 and 82%, respectively. In patients with ocular GVHD beyond day 100, extraocular manifestations of GVHD preceded the development of ocular GVHD in most patients (27 of 33, 81%). Prior acute skin GVHD (odds ratio 2.57, 95% CI 1.17-5.64, P ¼ 0.019) and male recipients of female donors (odds ratio 2.57, 95% CI 1.09-6.06, P ¼ 0.03) were independent risk factors for ocular GVHD. We recommend comprehensive ocular evaluation rather than a screening Schirmer's test to establish the diagnosis of ocular GVHD. Early diagnosis and preventive strategies in high-risk populations need to be studied in clinical trials to prevent devastating impact on quality of life in patients with prolonged ocular GVHD.
Journal of Applied Oral Science, 2011
To investigate if general dental practitioners (GDPs) in private practice in Jordan follow univer... more To investigate if general dental practitioners (GDPs) in private practice in Jordan follow universal guidelines for preparation of anterior teeth for resin bonded all-ceramic crowns (RBCs). Material and Methods: A sample (n=100) of laboratory models containing 208 tooth preparations for IPS Empress and In Ceram, featuring work from different GDPs, was obtained from 8 commercial dental laboratories. Aspects of preparations ZHUH TXDQWL¿HG DQG FRPSDUHG ZLWK DFFHSWHG FULWHULD GH¿QHG IROORZLQJ D UHYLHZ RI WKH OLWHUDWXUH DQG UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV RI WKH PDQXIDFWXUHV JXLGHOLQHV 5HVXOWV 6XEJLQJLYDO margins on the buccal aspect were noticed in 36% of the preparations, 54% demonstrated overpreparation with a tendency to overprepare the teeth on the mesiodistal plane more WKDQ EXFFROLQJXDO SODQH 7ZHQW\ SHUFHQW RI VDPSOHV SUHVHQWHG D VKRXOGHU ¿QLVK OLQH ZKLOH a chamfer margin design was noticed in 39%. Twenty-nine percent and 12% of samples had either a feathered or no clear margin design respectively. Incisal underpreparation was observed in 18% of dies of each type. Only 17% of all preparations were found to follow the recommended anatomical labial preparations while 29% of the RBC preparations were found to have the recommended axial convergence angle. In total, 43% of preparations ZHUH IRXQG WR KDYH WKH UHFRPPHQGHG GHSWK RI WKH ¿QLVK OLQH &RQFOXVLRQV ,W ZDV IRXQG that relevant guidelines for RBC preparations were not being fully adhered to in private practice in Jordan.
Quintessence international, 2017
OBJECTIVE To assess possible associations between torus palatinus (TP), torus mandibularis (TM), ... more OBJECTIVE To assess possible associations between torus palatinus (TP), torus mandibularis (TM), occlusal force (OF), Klemetti's classes, mandibular cortical index (MCI), and sociodemographic variables in a selected sample of Jordanians. Previous studies have suggested that oral tori are benign anatomical variations probably related to several factors such as functional stress, gender predisposition, number of teeth present, and nutritional factors. METHOD AND MATERIALS A total of 130 Jordanian adults were included. Shape, location, and appearance of tori were recorded from study casts. Size was measured using digital calipers. OF was recorded in Newtons. MCI and Klemetti's classification were assessed using panoramic radiographs. Data were statistically analyzed, and level of significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS The mean ± SD recorded OF was 524 ± 183 N in the tori group, compared to 417 ± 172 N in controls (P = .001). OF was significantly higher in males compared to...
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2010
Aim The aim of this study was to assess and compare the quantitative and qualitative oral coloniz... more Aim The aim of this study was to assess and compare the quantitative and qualitative oral colonization of Candida species between a group of healthy tobacco smokers and a comparable group of nonsmokers, and to investigate a possible correlation between oral candidal colonization and the quantity or duration of the smoking habit. Methods and Materials Fifty smokers and 50 nonsmokers were included in the study. Candida species were isolated using the concentrated oral rinse (COR) technique and identified using the germ tube test and API 20 C AUX yeast identification system. Results Overall candidal transmission was 84 percent. Candida species were isolated from 42 (84 percent) of the smokers and 37 (74 percent) of the nonsmokers (p>0.05). The mean CFU/ml were 333 (SD=358) and 268 (SD=332), respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion Tobacco smoking did not appear to increase oral colonization with Candida species in healthy subjects. Clinical Significance The effects of smoking on oral ti...
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2019
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2019
Purpose To compare surface properties of 2 brands of pre-polymerized resin blocks for complete de... more Purpose To compare surface properties of 2 brands of pre-polymerized resin blocks for complete dentures (CAD/CAM PMMA) to conventional heat-polymerized PMMA. Materials and Methods A total of 45 rectangular specimens (25 × 25 × 3 mm) were fabricated from 3 brands of PMMA (n = 15/group): AvaDent CAD/CAM PMMA, Tizian-Schütz CAD/CAM PMMA, Meliodent conventional PMMA. Specimens were examined for wettability using the sessile drop method, surface roughness using a digital contact profilometer, and microhardness using Vickers hardness number. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey pairwise multiple comparisons. p-Values of 0.05 were considered significant. Results AvaDent specimens demonstrated the highest mean contact angle (72.87 ± 48°) and the highest mean Vickers hardness number (20.62 ± 0.33). The conventional heat-polymerized specimens showed the highest mean surface roughness (0.22 ± 0.071 m). Tizian-Schütz specimens showed the lowest mean surface roughness (0.12 ± 0.02 m). Conclusions As CAD/CAM PMMA groups exhibited significantly more favorable surface properties in comparison to the conventional heat-polymerized groups, CAD/CAM dentures are expected to be more durable. Different brands of CAD/CAM PMMA may have inherent variations in surface properties.
Uploads
Papers by Professor Ziad AL-Dwairi