Papers by Prof. Dr. Brijesh Mukherjee
International Journal of Diabetes Sciences
Diabetes & Obesity International Journal
Constant efforts are ongoing to identify reliable and reproducible noninvasive biomarkers for acu... more Constant efforts are ongoing to identify reliable and reproducible noninvasive biomarkers for acute and chronic kidney injury targeted toward identifying kidney injury not only in its early stages, but also in classifying kidney disease according to severity, predict disease outcomes, and monitor response to therapeutic interventions. The number of podocytes in urine or podocyturia increases with active kidney disease even before proteinuria appears and seems to improve with treatment. Also, podocyturia seems to be confined to active disease, in contrast to proteinuria, which is present during both active and chronic phases of glomerular damage. It will be particularly interesting to explore podocyturia, as a marker of subclinical early renal damage, which may be a detectable way before the occurrence of overt proteinuria and development of full blown glomerular disease.
Aim and objective Nephrotic syndrome is a nonspecific disorder in which the kidneys are damaged, ... more Aim and objective Nephrotic syndrome is a nonspecific disorder in which the kidneys are damaged, causing them to leak large amounts of protein (proteinuria at least 3.5 grams per day per 1.73m 2 body surface area) from the blood into the urine. It is common among 2 – 6 years old boys. To diagnose childhood nephrotic syndrome precise urine protein excretion has to be measured for which 24 hrs urine sample needs to be collected. But the procedure 24 hrs urine sample collection of a child becomes very tedious and cumbersome and the exact volume may not be correctly collected leading in inaccurate estimation of protein excretion. So in our study we have done a comparative analysis of 24 hr urine protein levels and spot urine albumin creatinine ratio in patients and normal healthy controls and evaluated the efficacy of both methods. Material and methods – Patients attending the department of pediatrics of HMCH were assessed and healthy age matched children were used as control. Urine pro...
Diabetes has become the most common single cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in most countr... more Diabetes has become the most common single cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in most countries; this is due to the fact that diabetes, particularly type 2, is increasing in prevalence, diabetic patients now live longer and patients with diabetic ESRD are now accepted for treatment in ESRD programs where formerly they had been excluded. About 20 30% of patients with type 1 or type 2 Diabetes develop evidence of nephropathy. Recent studies have now demonstrated that the onset and course of DN can be ameliorated to a significant degree by several interventions but these interventions have their greatest impact if instituted at a point very early in the course of the development of this complication.
International Journal of Bioassays, 2013
Critical or alert limits are the values of laboratory measurements that are regarded as requiring... more Critical or alert limits are the values of laboratory measurements that are regarded as requiring urgent clinical action and should be communicated to a clinician urgently. Despite this, there has been little evaluation of these values in the India. We have conducted a survey of hospitals in the city of Bhubaneswar (Odisha). The hospitals were provided with a printed questionnaire on which to give their response and data from submitted forms were compiled and evaluated. Twenty-five laboratories responded to the questionnaire; the response rate was not recorded. Twenty-three laboratories had derived their action limits locally after with their clinicians, experience over many years, and various literature. Only two laboratories quoted literature to support their values. Seven laboratories did not submit actual critical values. There was considerable variance in the values defined as critical by the responding laboratories. Each laboratory needs to evaluate its own list of acutely imp...
IP International Journal of Comprehensive and Advanced Pharmacology, 2019
Aim: The aim of the study is to examine whether the combination of metformin+ glimepiride is supe... more Aim: The aim of the study is to examine whether the combination of metformin+ glimepiride is superior to metformin mono therapy to treat the newly diagnosed type 2 DM patients to control the HbA1C and dyslipidaemia in terms of LDL, total cholesterol, TG etc. Materials and Methods: A Prospective randomised study with four groups. The control comprises of 60 healthy volunteers. 120 newly diagnosed type 2 DM cases (Group 1) were enrolled in the study. These 120 patients were randomised into two groups; Group 2 with 60 patients to receive Metformin and Group 3 with 60 patients to receive Metformin + glimepiride combination. Both the Group 2 and Group 3 have received the same hypolipidemic and antihypertensive drugs. Results: After about 4 years of treatment, in Group 2 and Group 3, FPG, HbA1C% and lipid profile were improved significantly (p< 0.05) than the values before treatment started. Group 3 patients (metformin + glimepiride) had slightly better glycaemic control (P=0.85) than Group 2 patients (metformin only). Group 3 patients had also better control over Cholesterol and LDL level, LDL-C/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C than Group B patients. Conclusion: Metformin and Glimepiride combination therapy improves HbA1c, LDL-C, HDL-C more effectively. However, Group 2 patients had shown better AIP than Group 3 patients.
International Journal of Biomedical Research, 2013
Introduction: The progressive complications of unmanaged diabetes include heart disease, blindnes... more Introduction: The progressive complications of unmanaged diabetes include heart disease, blindness, kidney failure, amputation of extremities due to circulation problems, and nerve disorders, as well as other chronic conditions. Decades of research have established that prolonged exposure to excess glucose is the cause of diabetes complications, and that long-term control of blood glucose levels is required to avoid or lessen the damage caused by excess glucose. The process of protein glycation is now understood to be both a marker for the progress of diabetes complications and an underlying cause of many of the most serious complications. Diabetes monitoring for protein glycation, an essential element for the long-term control of the complications of diabetes mellitus, is currently managed by a combination of daily self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) measurements and physician-assessed hemoglobin A1c (A1C) levels every 3-6 months. Short term methods like self monitoring of blood glucose and long term methods like measurement of HbA1c have limitations. Various researchers have identified glycated albumin (GA) as the ideal marker for an intermediate index to measure glycation. Methods: 50 patients with DM history more than 5 years were divided into 2 groups, 25 with micral positive and 25 with micral negative in spot urine sample. Hba1c and GA were estimated in the patients and findings were noted Results: Microalbuminuric patients had significantly higher GA levels (p<0.05) than normoalbuminuric patients. Correlation between HbA1c and GA was very good (r=0.87
International Journal of Bioassays, Aug 31, 2014
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International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Introduction: Preeclampsia is a devastating pregnancy-associated disorder characterized by the on... more Introduction: Preeclampsia is a devastating pregnancy-associated disorder characterized by the onset of hypertension, proteinuria, and edema with limited plausible pathophysiology known. Cystatin-C, a novel marker for the detection of renal impairment, is increased in preeclampsia at an early stage. Moreover there is evidence of increased oxidative stress due to endothelial dysfunction in pre-eclampsia and increase in the oxidative stress is associated with abnormal lipid profile. Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of cystatin-C as an early marker of renal function and correlate with lipid profile in preeclampsia. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 80 pregnant women in third trimester who attended HMCH (O&G Department), Rourkela. They were divided in two groups A & B. Group A consisted of 40 normal pregnant women and Group B consisted of 40 pregnant women with preeclampsia. Lipid profile was done by auto analyzer using recommended kit and cystatin-C by immunoturbidrimetric method. Results: Serum total cholesterol, LDL, HDL showed no significant change in the two groups (p>0.05). However serum triglycerides levels were found significantly higher in preeclampsia patients when compared to normotensive pregnant subjects. Similarly serum cystatin-C was significantly higher in group B (p<0.01) and showed good correlation with lipid profile.
The progressive complications of unmanaged diabetes include heart disease, blindness, kidney fail... more The progressive complications of unmanaged diabetes include heart disease, blindness, kidney failure, amputation of extremities due to circulation problems, and nerve disorders, as well as other chronic conditions.1,2,3 The process of protein glycation is now understood to be both a marker for the progress of diabetes complications and an underlying cause of many of the most serious complications. Diabetes monitoring for protein glycation, an essential element for the long-term
International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science, 2019
Introduction: Students must evaluate their teachers by giving feedback to their teachers. Methods... more Introduction: Students must evaluate their teachers by giving feedback to their teachers. Methods: 87 1st MBBS students evaluated their 3 teachers separately before and after self correction by questionnaire. Results: Overall rating of Teachers improved. Conclusion: Feedback should be taken from students to improve the quality of lecture.
International Journal of Bioassays, 2013
The main objective of the present study is to Study the relevance of biochemical parameters in cl... more The main objective of the present study is to Study the relevance of biochemical parameters in classifying nephrotic syndrome and Comparison of the importance of histopathologic study with biochemical parameters. For this study patients clinically diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome & admitted to Nephrology department of KIMS, BBSR during the study period (Sept, 2011 to Sept, 2013), found to have Minimal change disease (MCD) & Membranous glomerulopathy (MGN) on renal biopsy have been enrolled. Biochemical investigations like serum albumin, 24 hour urine protein, serum cholesterol, serum creatinine and blood urea was carried out. Renal biopsy was done after taking consent. Statistical analysis was done using graph pad prism 6. A total of 50 cases were included in the study. After renal biopsy and H/P diagnosis, two groups of patients of MCD and MGN were created which included 28 cases of MCD and 22 cases of MGN. Most of the patients had Proteinuria in the range of 3.5-7.4gm/24 hrs (76%...
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021
Background: Diabetic atherosclerosis is a heterogeneous condition, and that dyslipidemia is only ... more Background: Diabetic atherosclerosis is a heterogeneous condition, and that dyslipidemia is only one aspect of the pathophysiology. However, dyslipidemia is the most readily measured and, at the present time, the most readily treated aspect of the problem. The occurrence of dyslipidemia can be reduced by good glycemic control. However poor awareness and other socio-economic factors is a major concern and pose a major hindrance in controlling blood sugar levels. Aims and Objective: This study was conducted to study the dyslipidemia pattern in diabetic patients and its association with other factors. Materials and Methods: The study included 500 subjects and was divided into two groups: Group 1(Diabetic) included 276 patients and Group 2 (Non-diabetic) included 224 patients. The study patients were screened using a pretested structured questionnaire. Fasting plasma glucose and serum lipid profile (cholesterol, TG, HDL) were estimated in automated analyzer (Erba Manheim EM 200). Result...
International Journal of Bioassays, 2013
Constant efforts are ongoing to identify reliable and reproducible non-invasive biomarkers for ac... more Constant efforts are ongoing to identify reliable and reproducible non-invasive biomarkers for acute and chronic kidney injury targeted toward identifying kidney injury not only in its early stages, but also in classifying kidney disease according to severity, predict disease outcomes, and monitor response to therapeutic interventions. The number of podocytes in urine or podocyturia increases with active kidney disease even before proteinuria appears and seems to improve with treatment. Also, podocyturia seems to be confined to active disease, in contrast to proteinuria, which is present during both active and chronic phases of glomerular damage. It will be particularly Interesting to explore podocyturia, as a marker of subclinical early renal damage, which may be a detectable way before the occurrence of overt proteinuria and development of full blown glomerular disease.
Introduction: Obesity is a disease that adversely affects mortality, morbidity, and quality of li... more Introduction: Obesity is a disease that adversely affects mortality, morbidity, and quality of life (QOL), as a result of its associated complications, like cardiometabolic, mechanical and lifestyle based. The health risks include diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, musculoskeletal disease, infertility, and dementia. Moderate weight loss (5-10%) has been associated with improvements in these obesity-related comorbidities. Objectives: With an aim to estimate the frequency of overweight and obesity in the adult population with sedentary life style, a camp was organized at a private firm to screen the employees. Materials and methods: A total of 218 individuals were selected for analysis. Height, weight, pulse, blood pressure (BP), waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Plasma fasting sugar and fasting serum lipid profile were analyzed. Results: The frequency of normal BMI in the study population was found to be 27.5%....
International Journal of Bioassays, 2014
Vitamin D and its active metabolite, 1, 25-di (OH)-vitamin D or calcitriol, have long been recogn... more Vitamin D and its active metabolite, 1, 25-di (OH)-vitamin D or calcitriol, have long been recognized as important regulators of serum calcium and bone health. Production of calcitriol is dependent on adequate vitamin D. Following constitutive conversion of vitamin D to 25(OH)-vitamin D by the liver, most circulating calcitriol (hormonal calcitriol) is made by the highly regulated 1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) present in the kidneys. Numerous other tissues also possess 1alpha-hydroxylase and appear to produce calcitriol locally at high concentrations. The receptor for calcitriol, the vitamin D receptor (VDR), is expressed in virtually all tissues. A large proportion of the population has low vitamin D levels, which are generally defined as a serum level of 25(OH)-vitamin D less than 20 or 30 ng/mL. Although sunlight stimulates skin production of vitamin D, many in modern society are dependent on ingestion of vitamin D in milk or supplements to maintain normal vitamin D levels, especi...
INTRODUCTION Nephrotic syndrome is one of the best known presentations of adult or pediatric kidn... more INTRODUCTION Nephrotic syndrome is one of the best known presentations of adult or pediatric kidney diseases. The disease has an incidence of 3 new cases per 1,00,000 each year in adults. NS can be caused by either primary (idiopathic) or secondary causes. Diagnostic criteria for Nephrotic syndrome. 1. Proteinuria greater than 3.0-3.5 gm/24 hours or spot urine protein : creatinine ratio>300-350mg/mmol 2. Hypoalbuminemia<25g/l 3. Clinical evidence of peripheral edema 4. Hypercholesterolemia
Out of all the electrical discharges occurring in the cardio myocytes, the funny current (If) or ... more Out of all the electrical discharges occurring in the cardio myocytes, the funny current (If) or the pacemaker current (Ir) is rather unusual. The existence of such an electrical activity in the sinoatrial node was established in 1970’s. Because of their relevance to generation of pacemaker activity and modulation of spontaneous frequency, f-channels are natural targets of drugs aimed to pharmacologically control heart rate. Ivabradine is the most specific and selective If inhibitor and the only member of this family that is now marketed for pharmacological treatment of chronic stable angina in patients with normal sinus rhythm who have a contraindication or intolerance to beta-blockers. Recent studies have also indicated that funny channel inhibition can be used to reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease outcomes.
International Journal of Bioassays, 2013
Since evidence based medicine (EBM) is now become the main principle guiding clinical practice an... more Since evidence based medicine (EBM) is now become the main principle guiding clinical practice and is being followed universally the role of laboratory medicine in EBM needs not to be over- emphasized. So it is the need of the hour to ensure that the best evidence on testing is made available through the help of the laboratory to the clinician. This would result in making the best decision based on test results which would lead to increased probability of improved health outcomes. So it is necessary for the laboratory to maintain the strictest quality possible. Here we would see the steps of pre-analytical phase and the various points at which error can arise and how to mitigate them. The present study was carried out in our hospital central laboratory and data were collected and analyzed. Pre-analytical phase is most important in testing process and involves variables that are not under the control of the laboratory. So much care needs to be taken to deeply scrutinize this step of ...
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Papers by Prof. Dr. Brijesh Mukherjee