Association between parenting style and effectiveness of 'tell show do' technique used for childr... more Association between parenting style and effectiveness of 'tell show do' technique used for children in dental clinics: A pilot study. J Updates
Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry
Background: Pediatric dentists should play an essential role in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) scr... more Background: Pediatric dentists should play an essential role in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening, referral, and management of their child patients. However, few studies have investigated pediatric dentists’ knowledge, attitude, and practice aspects regarding different domains of pediatric OSA. Aim of the Study: This cross-sectional survey aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice aspects of different domains of pediatric OSA among pediatric dentists from Kerala. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerala. The sample frame consisted of 163 dentists, and the minimum required was 115. Ethical approval was obtained before starting the study. Settings and Design: An invitation E-mail explaining the purpose of the study with a survey link was sent to the pediatric dentists from Kerala (n = 163). Nonrespondents were contacted at timely intervals. Statistical Analysis: Categorical and quantitative variables were expressed as frequency (percentage) and mea...
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2017
A major challenge when using glass ionomer cement in clinical situation particularly in paediatri... more A major challenge when using glass ionomer cement in clinical situation particularly in paediatric dentistry is to overcome the problem of microleakage. Fast or command setting of Type IX glass ionomer cement using external energy source enhances the setting reaction and results in improved initial physical and mechanical properties. To compare and evaluate the influence of ultrasonic activation, halogen light irradiation and combined effect of both on microleakage of enamel adjacent to Type IX glass ionomer restorations. For forty premolar teeth, standard Class V cavities prepared were restored with GC Gold Label Type IX glass ionomer cement in vitro. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups: 1) Control group; 2) halogen group; 3) ultrasonic group; 4) ultrasonic with halogen group. The teeth were kept in distilled water for 24 hours. Teeth were exposed to 1500 thermocycles at temperature of 12°C ±2 and 60°C ±2 with alternate immersion in hot and cold water for one minut...
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, Nov 26, 2014
INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is essentially a progressive loss by acid dissolution of the apatite ... more INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is essentially a progressive loss by acid dissolution of the apatite (mineral) components of the enamel, then the dental or of the cementum then dentin. Dental caries is a multifactorial disease, which is the result of interaction between the tooth (host) and the environment around it including the bacteria, saliva and diet of an individual. Interaction between three factors namely host, microflora and substrate was introduced by Keyes 1 (1960)called "Keyes cycle". A fourth factor-time-was included by Newbrun 2 (1982). The late 21 st century has seen remarkable developments in understanding the caries process. Dental caries is now considered as an infectious communicable disease resulting in destruction of tooth structure by acid-forming bacteria in dental plaque (an intraoral biofilm), in the presence of sugar. This infection results in loss of tooth minerals that begins on the outer surface of the tooth and can progress through the dentin to the pulp; ultimately compromising the vitality of the tooth. Caries is the most prevalent disease with a multifactorial etiology affecting the human race. Although the prevalence of dental caries in different communities around the world is decreasing, it is not yet extinct (Bowen et al 1991) 3 ; and it has been found to be higher in certain high-risk groups (Winter 1998). Increased risk for susceptibility to dental Caries: Incidence of dental caries is influenced by host factors like the structure of enamel, immunologic response to cariogenic bacteria, the composition of saliva, tooth eruption and development, salivary flow and tooth morphology. The specificity of these factors is dependent on the genetic make-up of each individual and the expression of specific genes. It is possible that allelic variation related to a host factor may contribute to increased risks for the development of carious lesions. Genetic variation of various host factors may contribute to increased risk of Dental caries. Numerous reports have described a potential contribution to the risk for Dental caries. Studies on twins have provided strong evidence for the role of inheritance. Thus establishing a basis for a genetic contribution to dental caries will provide a foundation of future studies utilizing the human genome sequence to improve to understanding of the disease process. Inherited disorders of tooth development with altered enamel structure increase the incidence of dental caries. Altered immune response to cariogenic bacteria may also inverse the incidence of caries. Recently, Human Genome project published the initial complete sequence of the human genome. This information represented a magnificent resource to further characterize the genetic contribution to both the etiology of and susceptibility to the disease and to develop new
Introduction: One of the main reasons for the oral diseases among the children of rural populatio... more Introduction: One of the main reasons for the oral diseases among the children of rural population in a country like India is the inadequate knowledge of the care givers. Attitude towards the oral health and practical approaches about the various oral hygiene measures should be checked and guided by the health providers. Anganwadi workers are the grass root workers who interact with the children and their mothers of their respective work areas with equal importance. So guiding them is indirectly guiding these populations. Aim and Objective: The aim of this paper is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the Anganwadi workers about the child's oral health and also to evaluate effectiveness of the awareness programs in guiding these early care providers. Material and Methods: The study was conducted among the Anganwadi workers of the Ponnani Block Panchayat situated in Edappal ,Malappuram District, Kerala. A total of 15 questions were prepared in regional language (Mala...
Background:Molar incisor hypo mineralization is the hypomineralization of systemic origin of one ... more Background:Molar incisor hypo mineralization is the hypomineralization of systemic origin of one to four permanent first molars, frequently associated with affected incisors. The prevalence rates vary from 2.4 to 40.2%. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and the possible etiological factors of Molar incisor hypo mineralization in 6 – 12 year old children of Malappuram district, kerala, India. Methods: A total of 2000 (808?males and 1092?females), 6-12 year-old children were examined who had their first permanent molar and incisors evaluated using the criteria for molar incisor hypomineralization described in the European meeting held in Athens in 2003.The potential aetiological factors were retrieved through detailed questionnaire supplemented with interviews and with medical histories provided by the schools. Statistical analysis was performed with a chi-Square test. Results: A total of 135 children were diagnosed Molar incisor hypomineralization with representing ...
Background: Perinatal and infant oral health should be considered as the foundation of Pediatric ... more Background: Perinatal and infant oral health should be considered as the foundation of Pediatric preventive oral health care. A proper perinatal oral health care guidance provided by Gynecologists during the time of pregnancy can help an expectant mother to improve or maintain good oral health status and thereby reduce the complications that can be associated with poor oral health in the mother and can indirectly dictate the future oral health and general health of her child. Gynecologists who are aware about the infectious nature of the oral microbes and the effect of discrete periods or windows of inoculation should instruct the mother about the higher risk of developing dental caries in their children by the modification of maternal dental flora using proper perinatal preventive programs. Aim:To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Gynecologists of Central Kerala about the importance of early oral health care for children. Materials and methods:A questionnaire based cro...
Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis is a rare condition. We present a case of idiopathic gingival fi... more Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis is a rare condition. We present a case of idiopathic gingival fibromatosis with its multidisciplinary approach of management. The clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features have been described in detail.
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2016
The tug of war to maintain tooth integrity is dependent on a ratio between demineralization and r... more The tug of war to maintain tooth integrity is dependent on a ratio between demineralization and remineralization. Hence, demineralization should be retarded and remineralization should be enhanced to maintain a natural equilibrium in the oral cavity. To compare in-vitro acid resistance of human enamel when using Casein Phosphopeptides Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) [GC Tooth mousse] cream, Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Fluoride Phosphate (CPP-ACFP) [GC Tooth mousse plus] cream, Er:YAG laser alone, combination of CPP-ACP with Er:YAG laser, CPP-ACFP with Er:YAG laser. An in-vitro study was done on 100 specimens which were prepared from 50 human premolars to investigate the caries inhibitory effect of remineralizing agents and laser on enamel using an atomic emission spectrometry analysis. The enamel specimens were randomly allocated into 6 groups: Untreated (control); CPP-ACP (GC Tooth mousse); CPP-ACFP (GC Tooth mousse plus); Er:YAG laser treatment alone; CPP-ACP wit...
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2014
INTRODUCTION: ROLE OF GENETICS IN CARIES PREVENTION: The use of genetic engineering to prevent ca... more INTRODUCTION: ROLE OF GENETICS IN CARIES PREVENTION: The use of genetic engineering to prevent caries has led to the down of a new era in caries prevention. Once successfully tested on human models, use of such modalities as genetic manipulation, genetic modification or recombinant technology may have the potential to revolutionize the whole mode of caries prevention. The various approaches that have been taken in this direction are (Fig. 1):-Altering the cariogenic flora: 1. Genetically modified foods. 2. Gene alterations.
Background: Dental caries is essentially a process of diffusion and dissolution. If the aspect of... more Background: Dental caries is essentially a process of diffusion and dissolution. If the aspect of dissolution can be curtailed some degree of prevention can be achieved. Aims: The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the effect of Er:YAG laser and Co 2 laser irradiation combined with acidulated phosphate fluoride treatment on in vitro acid resistance of human enamel. Design: An in vitro study was carried out on 30 human premolars to evaluate the enamel's acid resistance using an atomic emission spectrometry analysis. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 enamel specimens were prepared from 30 human premolars and were randomly assigned to 6 groups: (1) Untreated (control); (2) 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel application alone for 4 min; (3) Er:YAG laser treatment alone; (4) Co 2 laser treatment alone; (5) Er:YAG laser + APF gel application; (6) Co 2 laser + APF gel application. The specimens were then individually immersed in 5 ml of acetate buffer solution (0.1 mol/L, pH 4.5) and incubated at 37°C for 24 h, and the acid resistance was evaluated by determining the calcium ion concentration using the atomic emission spectrometry. Statistical Analysis: An ANOVA model was constructed (P value of 0.05), followed by Tukey's test for multiple pair wise comparisons of mean values. Results: Significant differences were found between the control group and the test groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Combining acidulated phosphate fluoride with either Er:YAG or Co 2 laser had a synergistic effect in decreasing the enamel demineralization more than either fluoride treatment or laser treatment alone.
Association between parenting style and effectiveness of 'tell show do' technique used for childr... more Association between parenting style and effectiveness of 'tell show do' technique used for children in dental clinics: A pilot study. J Updates
Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry
Background: Pediatric dentists should play an essential role in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) scr... more Background: Pediatric dentists should play an essential role in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening, referral, and management of their child patients. However, few studies have investigated pediatric dentists’ knowledge, attitude, and practice aspects regarding different domains of pediatric OSA. Aim of the Study: This cross-sectional survey aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice aspects of different domains of pediatric OSA among pediatric dentists from Kerala. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerala. The sample frame consisted of 163 dentists, and the minimum required was 115. Ethical approval was obtained before starting the study. Settings and Design: An invitation E-mail explaining the purpose of the study with a survey link was sent to the pediatric dentists from Kerala (n = 163). Nonrespondents were contacted at timely intervals. Statistical Analysis: Categorical and quantitative variables were expressed as frequency (percentage) and mea...
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2017
A major challenge when using glass ionomer cement in clinical situation particularly in paediatri... more A major challenge when using glass ionomer cement in clinical situation particularly in paediatric dentistry is to overcome the problem of microleakage. Fast or command setting of Type IX glass ionomer cement using external energy source enhances the setting reaction and results in improved initial physical and mechanical properties. To compare and evaluate the influence of ultrasonic activation, halogen light irradiation and combined effect of both on microleakage of enamel adjacent to Type IX glass ionomer restorations. For forty premolar teeth, standard Class V cavities prepared were restored with GC Gold Label Type IX glass ionomer cement in vitro. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups: 1) Control group; 2) halogen group; 3) ultrasonic group; 4) ultrasonic with halogen group. The teeth were kept in distilled water for 24 hours. Teeth were exposed to 1500 thermocycles at temperature of 12°C ±2 and 60°C ±2 with alternate immersion in hot and cold water for one minut...
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, Nov 26, 2014
INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is essentially a progressive loss by acid dissolution of the apatite ... more INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is essentially a progressive loss by acid dissolution of the apatite (mineral) components of the enamel, then the dental or of the cementum then dentin. Dental caries is a multifactorial disease, which is the result of interaction between the tooth (host) and the environment around it including the bacteria, saliva and diet of an individual. Interaction between three factors namely host, microflora and substrate was introduced by Keyes 1 (1960)called "Keyes cycle". A fourth factor-time-was included by Newbrun 2 (1982). The late 21 st century has seen remarkable developments in understanding the caries process. Dental caries is now considered as an infectious communicable disease resulting in destruction of tooth structure by acid-forming bacteria in dental plaque (an intraoral biofilm), in the presence of sugar. This infection results in loss of tooth minerals that begins on the outer surface of the tooth and can progress through the dentin to the pulp; ultimately compromising the vitality of the tooth. Caries is the most prevalent disease with a multifactorial etiology affecting the human race. Although the prevalence of dental caries in different communities around the world is decreasing, it is not yet extinct (Bowen et al 1991) 3 ; and it has been found to be higher in certain high-risk groups (Winter 1998). Increased risk for susceptibility to dental Caries: Incidence of dental caries is influenced by host factors like the structure of enamel, immunologic response to cariogenic bacteria, the composition of saliva, tooth eruption and development, salivary flow and tooth morphology. The specificity of these factors is dependent on the genetic make-up of each individual and the expression of specific genes. It is possible that allelic variation related to a host factor may contribute to increased risks for the development of carious lesions. Genetic variation of various host factors may contribute to increased risk of Dental caries. Numerous reports have described a potential contribution to the risk for Dental caries. Studies on twins have provided strong evidence for the role of inheritance. Thus establishing a basis for a genetic contribution to dental caries will provide a foundation of future studies utilizing the human genome sequence to improve to understanding of the disease process. Inherited disorders of tooth development with altered enamel structure increase the incidence of dental caries. Altered immune response to cariogenic bacteria may also inverse the incidence of caries. Recently, Human Genome project published the initial complete sequence of the human genome. This information represented a magnificent resource to further characterize the genetic contribution to both the etiology of and susceptibility to the disease and to develop new
Introduction: One of the main reasons for the oral diseases among the children of rural populatio... more Introduction: One of the main reasons for the oral diseases among the children of rural population in a country like India is the inadequate knowledge of the care givers. Attitude towards the oral health and practical approaches about the various oral hygiene measures should be checked and guided by the health providers. Anganwadi workers are the grass root workers who interact with the children and their mothers of their respective work areas with equal importance. So guiding them is indirectly guiding these populations. Aim and Objective: The aim of this paper is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the Anganwadi workers about the child's oral health and also to evaluate effectiveness of the awareness programs in guiding these early care providers. Material and Methods: The study was conducted among the Anganwadi workers of the Ponnani Block Panchayat situated in Edappal ,Malappuram District, Kerala. A total of 15 questions were prepared in regional language (Mala...
Background:Molar incisor hypo mineralization is the hypomineralization of systemic origin of one ... more Background:Molar incisor hypo mineralization is the hypomineralization of systemic origin of one to four permanent first molars, frequently associated with affected incisors. The prevalence rates vary from 2.4 to 40.2%. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and the possible etiological factors of Molar incisor hypo mineralization in 6 – 12 year old children of Malappuram district, kerala, India. Methods: A total of 2000 (808?males and 1092?females), 6-12 year-old children were examined who had their first permanent molar and incisors evaluated using the criteria for molar incisor hypomineralization described in the European meeting held in Athens in 2003.The potential aetiological factors were retrieved through detailed questionnaire supplemented with interviews and with medical histories provided by the schools. Statistical analysis was performed with a chi-Square test. Results: A total of 135 children were diagnosed Molar incisor hypomineralization with representing ...
Background: Perinatal and infant oral health should be considered as the foundation of Pediatric ... more Background: Perinatal and infant oral health should be considered as the foundation of Pediatric preventive oral health care. A proper perinatal oral health care guidance provided by Gynecologists during the time of pregnancy can help an expectant mother to improve or maintain good oral health status and thereby reduce the complications that can be associated with poor oral health in the mother and can indirectly dictate the future oral health and general health of her child. Gynecologists who are aware about the infectious nature of the oral microbes and the effect of discrete periods or windows of inoculation should instruct the mother about the higher risk of developing dental caries in their children by the modification of maternal dental flora using proper perinatal preventive programs. Aim:To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Gynecologists of Central Kerala about the importance of early oral health care for children. Materials and methods:A questionnaire based cro...
Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis is a rare condition. We present a case of idiopathic gingival fi... more Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis is a rare condition. We present a case of idiopathic gingival fibromatosis with its multidisciplinary approach of management. The clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features have been described in detail.
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2016
The tug of war to maintain tooth integrity is dependent on a ratio between demineralization and r... more The tug of war to maintain tooth integrity is dependent on a ratio between demineralization and remineralization. Hence, demineralization should be retarded and remineralization should be enhanced to maintain a natural equilibrium in the oral cavity. To compare in-vitro acid resistance of human enamel when using Casein Phosphopeptides Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) [GC Tooth mousse] cream, Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Fluoride Phosphate (CPP-ACFP) [GC Tooth mousse plus] cream, Er:YAG laser alone, combination of CPP-ACP with Er:YAG laser, CPP-ACFP with Er:YAG laser. An in-vitro study was done on 100 specimens which were prepared from 50 human premolars to investigate the caries inhibitory effect of remineralizing agents and laser on enamel using an atomic emission spectrometry analysis. The enamel specimens were randomly allocated into 6 groups: Untreated (control); CPP-ACP (GC Tooth mousse); CPP-ACFP (GC Tooth mousse plus); Er:YAG laser treatment alone; CPP-ACP wit...
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2014
INTRODUCTION: ROLE OF GENETICS IN CARIES PREVENTION: The use of genetic engineering to prevent ca... more INTRODUCTION: ROLE OF GENETICS IN CARIES PREVENTION: The use of genetic engineering to prevent caries has led to the down of a new era in caries prevention. Once successfully tested on human models, use of such modalities as genetic manipulation, genetic modification or recombinant technology may have the potential to revolutionize the whole mode of caries prevention. The various approaches that have been taken in this direction are (Fig. 1):-Altering the cariogenic flora: 1. Genetically modified foods. 2. Gene alterations.
Background: Dental caries is essentially a process of diffusion and dissolution. If the aspect of... more Background: Dental caries is essentially a process of diffusion and dissolution. If the aspect of dissolution can be curtailed some degree of prevention can be achieved. Aims: The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the effect of Er:YAG laser and Co 2 laser irradiation combined with acidulated phosphate fluoride treatment on in vitro acid resistance of human enamel. Design: An in vitro study was carried out on 30 human premolars to evaluate the enamel's acid resistance using an atomic emission spectrometry analysis. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 enamel specimens were prepared from 30 human premolars and were randomly assigned to 6 groups: (1) Untreated (control); (2) 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel application alone for 4 min; (3) Er:YAG laser treatment alone; (4) Co 2 laser treatment alone; (5) Er:YAG laser + APF gel application; (6) Co 2 laser + APF gel application. The specimens were then individually immersed in 5 ml of acetate buffer solution (0.1 mol/L, pH 4.5) and incubated at 37°C for 24 h, and the acid resistance was evaluated by determining the calcium ion concentration using the atomic emission spectrometry. Statistical Analysis: An ANOVA model was constructed (P value of 0.05), followed by Tukey's test for multiple pair wise comparisons of mean values. Results: Significant differences were found between the control group and the test groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Combining acidulated phosphate fluoride with either Er:YAG or Co 2 laser had a synergistic effect in decreasing the enamel demineralization more than either fluoride treatment or laser treatment alone.
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