The main idea of smart environments is to deliver proper assistance to the resident users while p... more The main idea of smart environments is to deliver proper assistance to the resident users while performing their daily life tasks. Thus, task models are convenient as a starting point for developing applications for those environments, as they give the developer the opportunity to focus on the users and their tasks. In such an environment, mutual dependencies between different types of entities are taking place and affecting the way the user is executing the tasks. Therefore, other models (e.g. device model, location model …etc.) have to be developed and linked to the task model in order to truly illustrate how the tasks are executed in those environments. Due to the increasing number of models and the dependencies among them, modeling an interactive application to be operated in such an environment is a tedious and overwhelming process. In this paper, we present an attempt to overcome the modeling complexity by fostering the concept of reuse on a high level of abstraction using task patterns. We extend the former definition of task patterns by integrating the environmental preconditions and effects within the pattern structure in order to maximise the benefit of the usage of those patterns.
The research work presented here belongs in the domain of formal specification of human-software ... more The research work presented here belongs in the domain of formal specification of human-software interaction. More precisely, we are concerned by the applying a formal specification technique in the various stages of the construction of an user-driven application, the kind supported by most of the current UIMS. We use the Interactive Cooperative Objects (ICO) formalism, in which structural (or static) aspects are described in an object-oriented framework and dynamic (or behavioral) aspects are described with high-level Petri-nets. The formalism, a case study and some of its expected benefits are presented here.
In this paper, we describe a subject-oriented approach for specifying possible activities in smar... more In this paper, we describe a subject-oriented approach for specifying possible activities in smart environments. The approach is based on task models for subjects and a team model for representing the results of the cooperation. This model can be considered as communication model in the sense of S-BPM. Tasks in the team model have triggers for starting and finishing them. The triggers are the result of task executions in instances of models of subjects. A very restricted notation of OCL is used for those purposes. The same kind of simple OCL expressions can be used to specify preconditions of tasks. Tasks in the team model cannot be executed directly. They only present the result of other models. However, team models can also restrict the execution of other models. Additionally, context definitions are introduced for task models. Within a certain context, variables can be bound to specific values. This allows a very detailed description of activities that is more precise than most workflow specifications. Communication can be restricted to certain instances of subjects.
Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction, Jun 30, 2017
In this paper, an extended version of task models is discussed that allows detailed specification... more In this paper, an extended version of task models is discussed that allows detailed specifications of cooperative activities. Within the presented specification CoTaL (Cooperative Task Language), there exist two complementary types of task models called role model and team model. One or more instances of each role model describe the specific activities of actors. The team model represents joined activities and reflects progression in cooperation between role instances. For each scenario there exists one instance of the team model. Preconditions and events can be assigned to tasks and refer to one or all running instances of a role model. An event can be a starting or finishing trigger and is activated as result of task executions. Additionally, variables can be defined. They are bound within the specified context during runtime and get the value of the identifier of a certain role instance. In this way, communication and collaboration between different actors can be specified. Tasks of a team model cannot be performed directly but present the result of the execution of other (role) models only. However, a team model can restrict the execution of role model instances. It is shown how such models can be used to specify the activities in a smart meeting room. Snapshots of their simulation in CoTaSE (Cooperative Task Specification Environment) are presented. Additionally to the local implementation there exists an implementation in a cloud. It allows real cooperative executions of tasks. CCS Concepts: • Software and its engineering → Software organization and properties → Software system structures → Software system models; Model-driven software engineering
The specification of activities of the different stakeholders is an important activity during the... more The specification of activities of the different stakeholders is an important activity during the requirements engineering phase of software development. Currently, a lot of specification languages like task models, activity diagrams, state charts, and business specifications are used to document the results of the analysis of the domain in most projects. In the paper the aspect of the separation of concerns of global cooperation and individual work by subject-oriented specifications is discussed. It will be demonstrated how task models can be used to support subject-oriented specification by so called team models and role models. This can be done in a more precise way than S-BPM specifications. Restrictions in instances of roles can be specified.
Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly, Oct 31, 2016
The specification of activities of the different stakeholders is an important activity for softwa... more The specification of activities of the different stakeholders is an important activity for software development. Currently, a lot of specification languages like task models, activity diagrams, state charts, and business specifications are used to document the results of the analysis of the domain in most projects. The paper discusses the aspect of reusability by considering generic submodels. This approach increases the quality of models. Additionally, the separation of concerns of cooperation and individual work by subjectoriented specifications is discussed. It will be demonstrated how task models can be used to support subject-oriented specification by so called team models and role models in a more precise way than S-BPM specifications. More precise restrictions on instances of roles can be specified.
, except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection w... more , except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.
Activity representations are proposed as an extension to traditional task models. Basically, an a... more Activity representations are proposed as an extension to traditional task models. Basically, an activity representation describes fragments of knowledge about several tasks and how to interleave or merge them. Knowledge about single tasks is spread over several representations at different levels of abstraction. Lower-level models are more ephemeral and help people to organise their day-to-day activities. On the one hand,
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Modellierung von Prozessablaufen fur ein workflowbasiertes ... more Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Modellierung von Prozessablaufen fur ein workflowbasiertes Assistenzsystem zur Unterstutzung des OP-Managements in einem Krankenhaus. Dabei wird ein Ansatz benutzt, der die aktive Einbeziehung der Nutzer und anderer Stakeholder am Modellierungsprozess unterstutzt. Durch die Einbeziehung von Fachexperten in die Erstellung und Validierung von Prozessmodellen, erhoht sich nicht nur die Akzeptanz gegenuber den Ergebnissen, sondern daruber hinaus konnen fruhzeitig Mehrdeutigkeiten, Ungenauigkeiten und Fehler eliminiert werden. Die Qualitat der so erzeugten Modelle erhoht sich erheblich, was insbesondere in Anwendungsbereichen mit sehr komplexen, hochflexiblen oder auch stark kooperativen Arbeitsablaufen von Vorteil ist.
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Pervasive Embedded Computing and Communication Systems
Nowadays smart environments are gaining special attention among the various ubiquitous computing ... more Nowadays smart environments are gaining special attention among the various ubiquitous computing environment types. The main tenet of a given smart environment is to deliver proper assistance to the resident users while performing their daily life tasks. The environment aims to implicitly infer the user's intention and based on that information, it offers the optimal feasible assistance which helps the user performing his/her task. Task models seem to be a convenient starting point for developing applications for those environments, as they give the developer the opportunity to focus on the user tasks to be assisted. Already existing approaches offer solutions to make the transition between task models and the final user interfaces. However, smart environments are dynamic environments in which the inclusion of new user or device types is probable. Consequently, an optimal application to be operated in such an environment is required to consider the extensibility aspect within its design. Additionally, the implicit interaction technique has to be taken into account. Thus, in this paper we provide an attempt to include the implicit interaction paradigm within the design of our application as well as to ensure the extensibility needed to encounter the variation of the surrounding environmental settings.
This study obtains information and empirical evidence on the moderating effect of religiosity on ... more This study obtains information and empirical evidence on the moderating effect of religiosity on moral equity and auditor ethical behavior. It was conducted in public accountants in East Java using primary data to obtain vital information from respondents using the purposive sampling method. The study respondents were 102 auditors who work at the public accountant in East Java. Moderated regression analysis was applied as an analysis technique. These hypotheses were tested using WarpPLS 5.0 software. The results indicated that religiosity is proven to have a significant positive effect on the moral equity of auditor ethical behavior. This finding can be useful to help auditors understand that there are several factors that influence and strengthen ethical behavior.
The main idea of smart environments is to deliver proper assistance to the resident users while p... more The main idea of smart environments is to deliver proper assistance to the resident users while performing their daily life tasks. Thus, task models are convenient as a starting point for developing applications for those environments, as they give the developer the opportunity to focus on the users and their tasks. In such an environment, mutual dependencies between different types of entities are taking place and affecting the way the user is executing the tasks. Therefore, other models (e.g. device model, location model …etc.) have to be developed and linked to the task model in order to truly illustrate how the tasks are executed in those environments. Due to the increasing number of models and the dependencies among them, modeling an interactive application to be operated in such an environment is a tedious and overwhelming process. In this paper, we present an attempt to overcome the modeling complexity by fostering the concept of reuse on a high level of abstraction using task patterns. We extend the former definition of task patterns by integrating the environmental preconditions and effects within the pattern structure in order to maximise the benefit of the usage of those patterns.
The research work presented here belongs in the domain of formal specification of human-software ... more The research work presented here belongs in the domain of formal specification of human-software interaction. More precisely, we are concerned by the applying a formal specification technique in the various stages of the construction of an user-driven application, the kind supported by most of the current UIMS. We use the Interactive Cooperative Objects (ICO) formalism, in which structural (or static) aspects are described in an object-oriented framework and dynamic (or behavioral) aspects are described with high-level Petri-nets. The formalism, a case study and some of its expected benefits are presented here.
In this paper, we describe a subject-oriented approach for specifying possible activities in smar... more In this paper, we describe a subject-oriented approach for specifying possible activities in smart environments. The approach is based on task models for subjects and a team model for representing the results of the cooperation. This model can be considered as communication model in the sense of S-BPM. Tasks in the team model have triggers for starting and finishing them. The triggers are the result of task executions in instances of models of subjects. A very restricted notation of OCL is used for those purposes. The same kind of simple OCL expressions can be used to specify preconditions of tasks. Tasks in the team model cannot be executed directly. They only present the result of other models. However, team models can also restrict the execution of other models. Additionally, context definitions are introduced for task models. Within a certain context, variables can be bound to specific values. This allows a very detailed description of activities that is more precise than most workflow specifications. Communication can be restricted to certain instances of subjects.
Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction, Jun 30, 2017
In this paper, an extended version of task models is discussed that allows detailed specification... more In this paper, an extended version of task models is discussed that allows detailed specifications of cooperative activities. Within the presented specification CoTaL (Cooperative Task Language), there exist two complementary types of task models called role model and team model. One or more instances of each role model describe the specific activities of actors. The team model represents joined activities and reflects progression in cooperation between role instances. For each scenario there exists one instance of the team model. Preconditions and events can be assigned to tasks and refer to one or all running instances of a role model. An event can be a starting or finishing trigger and is activated as result of task executions. Additionally, variables can be defined. They are bound within the specified context during runtime and get the value of the identifier of a certain role instance. In this way, communication and collaboration between different actors can be specified. Tasks of a team model cannot be performed directly but present the result of the execution of other (role) models only. However, a team model can restrict the execution of role model instances. It is shown how such models can be used to specify the activities in a smart meeting room. Snapshots of their simulation in CoTaSE (Cooperative Task Specification Environment) are presented. Additionally to the local implementation there exists an implementation in a cloud. It allows real cooperative executions of tasks. CCS Concepts: • Software and its engineering → Software organization and properties → Software system structures → Software system models; Model-driven software engineering
The specification of activities of the different stakeholders is an important activity during the... more The specification of activities of the different stakeholders is an important activity during the requirements engineering phase of software development. Currently, a lot of specification languages like task models, activity diagrams, state charts, and business specifications are used to document the results of the analysis of the domain in most projects. In the paper the aspect of the separation of concerns of global cooperation and individual work by subject-oriented specifications is discussed. It will be demonstrated how task models can be used to support subject-oriented specification by so called team models and role models. This can be done in a more precise way than S-BPM specifications. Restrictions in instances of roles can be specified.
Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly, Oct 31, 2016
The specification of activities of the different stakeholders is an important activity for softwa... more The specification of activities of the different stakeholders is an important activity for software development. Currently, a lot of specification languages like task models, activity diagrams, state charts, and business specifications are used to document the results of the analysis of the domain in most projects. The paper discusses the aspect of reusability by considering generic submodels. This approach increases the quality of models. Additionally, the separation of concerns of cooperation and individual work by subjectoriented specifications is discussed. It will be demonstrated how task models can be used to support subject-oriented specification by so called team models and role models in a more precise way than S-BPM specifications. More precise restrictions on instances of roles can be specified.
, except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection w... more , except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.
Activity representations are proposed as an extension to traditional task models. Basically, an a... more Activity representations are proposed as an extension to traditional task models. Basically, an activity representation describes fragments of knowledge about several tasks and how to interleave or merge them. Knowledge about single tasks is spread over several representations at different levels of abstraction. Lower-level models are more ephemeral and help people to organise their day-to-day activities. On the one hand,
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Modellierung von Prozessablaufen fur ein workflowbasiertes ... more Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Modellierung von Prozessablaufen fur ein workflowbasiertes Assistenzsystem zur Unterstutzung des OP-Managements in einem Krankenhaus. Dabei wird ein Ansatz benutzt, der die aktive Einbeziehung der Nutzer und anderer Stakeholder am Modellierungsprozess unterstutzt. Durch die Einbeziehung von Fachexperten in die Erstellung und Validierung von Prozessmodellen, erhoht sich nicht nur die Akzeptanz gegenuber den Ergebnissen, sondern daruber hinaus konnen fruhzeitig Mehrdeutigkeiten, Ungenauigkeiten und Fehler eliminiert werden. Die Qualitat der so erzeugten Modelle erhoht sich erheblich, was insbesondere in Anwendungsbereichen mit sehr komplexen, hochflexiblen oder auch stark kooperativen Arbeitsablaufen von Vorteil ist.
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Pervasive Embedded Computing and Communication Systems
Nowadays smart environments are gaining special attention among the various ubiquitous computing ... more Nowadays smart environments are gaining special attention among the various ubiquitous computing environment types. The main tenet of a given smart environment is to deliver proper assistance to the resident users while performing their daily life tasks. The environment aims to implicitly infer the user's intention and based on that information, it offers the optimal feasible assistance which helps the user performing his/her task. Task models seem to be a convenient starting point for developing applications for those environments, as they give the developer the opportunity to focus on the user tasks to be assisted. Already existing approaches offer solutions to make the transition between task models and the final user interfaces. However, smart environments are dynamic environments in which the inclusion of new user or device types is probable. Consequently, an optimal application to be operated in such an environment is required to consider the extensibility aspect within its design. Additionally, the implicit interaction technique has to be taken into account. Thus, in this paper we provide an attempt to include the implicit interaction paradigm within the design of our application as well as to ensure the extensibility needed to encounter the variation of the surrounding environmental settings.
This study obtains information and empirical evidence on the moderating effect of religiosity on ... more This study obtains information and empirical evidence on the moderating effect of religiosity on moral equity and auditor ethical behavior. It was conducted in public accountants in East Java using primary data to obtain vital information from respondents using the purposive sampling method. The study respondents were 102 auditors who work at the public accountant in East Java. Moderated regression analysis was applied as an analysis technique. These hypotheses were tested using WarpPLS 5.0 software. The results indicated that religiosity is proven to have a significant positive effect on the moral equity of auditor ethical behavior. This finding can be useful to help auditors understand that there are several factors that influence and strengthen ethical behavior.
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Papers by Peter Forbrig