1. Environmental Studies: Monitoring and Evaluation The purpose of environmental studies is to pr... more 1. Environmental Studies: Monitoring and Evaluation The purpose of environmental studies is to preserve and improve the quality of the environment, to assure reasonable use of natural sources and thereby to preserve the natural balance. Work aims to introduce methods, which incorporate principles of integrated natural *Corresponding author: Peter Firbas, Private Researcher, SICRIS Id. No.11784, Private Laboratory for Plant Cytogenetics Ljubljanska c. 74. SI–1230 Domzale, Slovenia. E-mail: [email protected]
30 31 The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the wastewat... more 30 31 The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the wastewater (WW), the 32 effectiveness of the treatment used by the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with sequential batch reactors 33 (SBR) technology, and whether its final treated effluent (FTE) can compromise the water quality of the river 34 at the location where it is discharged. We focused our research on six examples. For analytical chemistry and 35 Allium metaphase (M) test all six samples were collected. Of these, three are so-called biotechnological 36 patterns (WW, WW after mechanical step treatment and FTE), and three are natural river environmental 37
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the wastewater (W... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the wastewater (WW), the effectiveness of the treatment used by the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with sequential batch reactors (SBR) technology, and whether its final treated effluent (FTE) can compromise the water quality of the river at the location where it is discharged. We focused our research on six examples. For analytical chemistry and Allium metaphase (M) test all six samples were collected. Of these, three are so-called biotechnological patterns (WW, WW after mechanical step treatment and FTE), and three are natural riverine environmental patterns. For the micronucleus (MN) test, fish specimens were collected from three sites in the river Kamniška Bistrica. The first two sites locations are up and down the FTE outlet. Results from these areas were compared to the third site (not polluted) reference site, the so-called natural control group. Complementary study with analytical chemistry an...
A b s t r a c t K e y w o r d s Present study covers many sources of drinking water in Slovenia (... more A b s t r a c t K e y w o r d s Present study covers many sources of drinking water in Slovenia (SI) , surface waters, and waters during the period from 1998 to 2013. The freshwater samples studied are grouped into six main categories: waters used for drinking, standing surface waters, flowing surface waters, waters surrounding the earth particles, rainfall waters, waste waters before entering the water cleaning plants (WCP) and waste waters after being processed by the WCP and constructed wetlands (CW). With Allium cepa L. test the study proved the potential cytotoxical, and genotoxical substances in the samples taken from the environment. The biomarkers in this Allium metaphase (M) test are the metaphasic chromosomes damages (CsD) in the root cells of the test plant A. cepa L. The comparison between the uncontaminated environmental samples and the negative control is not statistically significant (p = 0.7709 >0.05). The highly contaminated environmental samples and the positive...
Background/Objectives: We wanted to find out the degree of the effectiveness of the wastewater tr... more Background/Objectives: We wanted to find out the degree of the effectiveness of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as well as the quality of water in the river Kamniska Bistrica. For this reason we chose four sampling locations: (i) in the river Kamniska Bistrica before WWTP; (ii) wastewater (WW) before entering the WWTP; (iii) final treatment effluent (FTE) water flowing out of the WWTP and (iv) finally the general river water below the WWTP. Method/statistical analysis: We accomplished the following analytical tasks: (i) physico-chemical, (ii) chemical, (iii) Allium metaphase (M) chromosome damage test and (iv) autochthons salmon Pisces micronucleus (MN) test. Chemical analysis of the sample was performed using gass chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). In addition to standard parameters biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS), we also studied the presence of x...
The onion plant (Allium cepa L.) is a suitable indicator plant for the determination of potential... more The onion plant (Allium cepa L.) is a suitable indicator plant for the determination of potential genotoxic agents in the samples taken from the environment. The genotoxic level of the agent under study is reflected by structural changes of the chromosomes and their changed numbers. The chromosomes under study are taken from the meristem cells of the young growing onion roots. A healthy normal onion cell has 16 (2n = 16) chromosomes. They are relatively large and so very appropriate for the detection of morphological changes. Prior to the chromosome study the root tip cells were immersed in a 0.1% aquatic solution of colchicine which stopped the mitotic cycle continuing beyond metaphase. The changes in morphology varied from a single distortion of a single chromosome up to several morphological changes observed on many chromosomes. We identified 15 categories of morphological aberrations which are classified into three groups: chromatid damage (CtD), centromere damage (CmD) and chromosome damage (CsD). CtD includes: single break chromatid, double break chromatid, isochromatid break, multiple break chromatid, gap chromatid, centric ring chromatid, acentric ring chromatid and triradial chromosomes. CmD includes: break centromere, gap centromere, single break centromere, double break centromere and multiple break centromere. CsD includes: ring chromosomes and dicentric chromosomes. Sometimes also the chromosome number changed which occurred as aneuploidy with monosomy 2n = 15 (2n =16 -1) and euploidyincreased number of the basic chromosome number (2n = 6x -8x). We identified also the translocation: t(3p-; 5p+).
1. Environmental Studies: Monitoring and Evaluation The purpose of environmental studies is to pr... more 1. Environmental Studies: Monitoring and Evaluation The purpose of environmental studies is to preserve and improve the quality of the environment, to assure reasonable use of natural sources and thereby to preserve the natural balance. Work aims to introduce methods, which incorporate principles of integrated natural *Corresponding author: Peter Firbas, Private Researcher, SICRIS Id. No.11784, Private Laboratory for Plant Cytogenetics Ljubljanska c. 74. SI–1230 Domzale, Slovenia. E-mail: [email protected]
30 31 The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the wastewat... more 30 31 The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the wastewater (WW), the 32 effectiveness of the treatment used by the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with sequential batch reactors 33 (SBR) technology, and whether its final treated effluent (FTE) can compromise the water quality of the river 34 at the location where it is discharged. We focused our research on six examples. For analytical chemistry and 35 Allium metaphase (M) test all six samples were collected. Of these, three are so-called biotechnological 36 patterns (WW, WW after mechanical step treatment and FTE), and three are natural river environmental 37
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the wastewater (W... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the wastewater (WW), the effectiveness of the treatment used by the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with sequential batch reactors (SBR) technology, and whether its final treated effluent (FTE) can compromise the water quality of the river at the location where it is discharged. We focused our research on six examples. For analytical chemistry and Allium metaphase (M) test all six samples were collected. Of these, three are so-called biotechnological patterns (WW, WW after mechanical step treatment and FTE), and three are natural riverine environmental patterns. For the micronucleus (MN) test, fish specimens were collected from three sites in the river Kamniška Bistrica. The first two sites locations are up and down the FTE outlet. Results from these areas were compared to the third site (not polluted) reference site, the so-called natural control group. Complementary study with analytical chemistry an...
A b s t r a c t K e y w o r d s Present study covers many sources of drinking water in Slovenia (... more A b s t r a c t K e y w o r d s Present study covers many sources of drinking water in Slovenia (SI) , surface waters, and waters during the period from 1998 to 2013. The freshwater samples studied are grouped into six main categories: waters used for drinking, standing surface waters, flowing surface waters, waters surrounding the earth particles, rainfall waters, waste waters before entering the water cleaning plants (WCP) and waste waters after being processed by the WCP and constructed wetlands (CW). With Allium cepa L. test the study proved the potential cytotoxical, and genotoxical substances in the samples taken from the environment. The biomarkers in this Allium metaphase (M) test are the metaphasic chromosomes damages (CsD) in the root cells of the test plant A. cepa L. The comparison between the uncontaminated environmental samples and the negative control is not statistically significant (p = 0.7709 >0.05). The highly contaminated environmental samples and the positive...
Background/Objectives: We wanted to find out the degree of the effectiveness of the wastewater tr... more Background/Objectives: We wanted to find out the degree of the effectiveness of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as well as the quality of water in the river Kamniska Bistrica. For this reason we chose four sampling locations: (i) in the river Kamniska Bistrica before WWTP; (ii) wastewater (WW) before entering the WWTP; (iii) final treatment effluent (FTE) water flowing out of the WWTP and (iv) finally the general river water below the WWTP. Method/statistical analysis: We accomplished the following analytical tasks: (i) physico-chemical, (ii) chemical, (iii) Allium metaphase (M) chromosome damage test and (iv) autochthons salmon Pisces micronucleus (MN) test. Chemical analysis of the sample was performed using gass chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). In addition to standard parameters biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS), we also studied the presence of x...
The onion plant (Allium cepa L.) is a suitable indicator plant for the determination of potential... more The onion plant (Allium cepa L.) is a suitable indicator plant for the determination of potential genotoxic agents in the samples taken from the environment. The genotoxic level of the agent under study is reflected by structural changes of the chromosomes and their changed numbers. The chromosomes under study are taken from the meristem cells of the young growing onion roots. A healthy normal onion cell has 16 (2n = 16) chromosomes. They are relatively large and so very appropriate for the detection of morphological changes. Prior to the chromosome study the root tip cells were immersed in a 0.1% aquatic solution of colchicine which stopped the mitotic cycle continuing beyond metaphase. The changes in morphology varied from a single distortion of a single chromosome up to several morphological changes observed on many chromosomes. We identified 15 categories of morphological aberrations which are classified into three groups: chromatid damage (CtD), centromere damage (CmD) and chromosome damage (CsD). CtD includes: single break chromatid, double break chromatid, isochromatid break, multiple break chromatid, gap chromatid, centric ring chromatid, acentric ring chromatid and triradial chromosomes. CmD includes: break centromere, gap centromere, single break centromere, double break centromere and multiple break centromere. CsD includes: ring chromosomes and dicentric chromosomes. Sometimes also the chromosome number changed which occurred as aneuploidy with monosomy 2n = 15 (2n =16 -1) and euploidyincreased number of the basic chromosome number (2n = 6x -8x). We identified also the translocation: t(3p-; 5p+).
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