Papers by Jean-Marie Perrin
Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics, 1983
Page 1. OPTICA ACTA, 1983, VOL . 30, NO . 9, 1223-1244 Light scattering by large rough particles ... more Page 1. OPTICA ACTA, 1983, VOL . 30, NO . 9, 1223-1244 Light scattering by large rough particles JEAN-MARIE PERRIN and PHILIPPE L. LAMY Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale du CNRS, Traverse du Siphon-Les Trois Lucs, 13012 Marseille, France ...
Astronomical Interferometry, 1998
We propose a concept for a space mission designed to make a survey of potential zodiacal dust dis... more We propose a concept for a space mission designed to make a survey of potential zodiacal dust disks around nearby stars in the mid-JR. We show that a 10-meter baseline nulling interferometer with two 0.6-meter apertures located in a 1 X 4 AU heliocentric orbit would allow for the survey of about 400 stars in the solar neighborhood and permit a first order determination of the disk inclination and of the dust density and temperature radius dependence. The high dynamic range of the instrument may also be used to study a additional astrophysical phenomena. Beyond its own scientific merit, such a mission would also serve as a technological precursor to a larger interferometer of the type being considered for the detection of earth-like planets.
Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics, 1986
Page 1. OPTICA ACTA, 1986, VOI.. 33, NO. 8, 1001-1022 Light scattering by large particles II. A v... more Page 1. OPTICA ACTA, 1986, VOI.. 33, NO. 8, 1001-1022 Light scattering by large particles II. A vectorial description in the eikonal picture JEAN-MARIE PERRIN and PHILIPPE L. LAMY Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale du ...
The conditions of the Clear air turbulence (CAT) in the atmosphere are due to various phenomena :... more The conditions of the Clear air turbulence (CAT) in the atmosphere are due to various phenomena : gravity waves breaking, shears associated with jets, convection etc…. Therefore, we propose systematic investigation from the ground with Rayleigh back-scattering lidar, in order to better characterized this atmospheric phenomenon. Rayleigh lidars are able to measure the vertical profile of light emitted by a pulsed laser and backscattered by atmospheric molecules. The Rayleigh signal intensity variations are proportional to the CAT. This paper describes a new technique developed at The Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP). This technique is based on using of a Rayleigh lidar to detect density at 8-12km height and monitor the index turbulence along the laser beam. 1.
Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 2013
Abstract This study concerns the influence of thin cirrus on the solar irradiance budget on the g... more Abstract This study concerns the influence of thin cirrus on the solar irradiance budget on the ground, using data obtained by remote sensing from a set of instruments operated at the Observatoire de Haute Provence (France). Comparisons between solar irradiance ground-based measurements obtained during clear and cloudy days usually show a lower irradiance in the latter case as expected. However, there are cases lasting a maximum of 30 min for which the solar irradiance is greater in the presence of cumulus than in clear-sky conditions, and this phenomenon was named enhanced solar irradiance. Our pyranometer measurements reveal the same phenomenon associated with the presence of thin clouds alone, as revealed by a daytime wide-field camera and occurring both in total and UVB* (280 to 320 nm) solar irradiance. In the case of thin cirrus, this phenomenon can last up to several hours. To understand this phenomenon, we have developed a model of solar light scattering within thin cirrus clouds that takes into account the presence of the atmosphere. The model reproduces the enhanced solar irradiance phenomenon in total and UBV* spectral range. Monoscattering and multiscattering processes inside the cirrus clouds also will be discussed.
Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 2013
The temporal variability of the 532-nm optical depth of cirrus clouds observed with a lidar at Ob... more The temporal variability of the 532-nm optical depth of cirrus clouds observed with a lidar at Observatory of Haute-Provence (43.9°N, 5.7°E, and 683-m altitude), has been analyzed. While advection dominates at the first order, variability of the optical depth on timescales of minutes can be related to spatial fluctuations of cloud properties on typical scales of a few kilometers. Log-normal distributions of the optical depth have been used to model the variability of the cirrus optical depth as observed by lidars. These investigations have been performed for three independent classes of cirrus. The log-normal distribution of the optical depth is applicable to the classes of thin clouds; however, for thick clouds, likely due to successive freezing/defreezing effects, the distribution is rather bimodal. This work compares the effects of visible solar light scattered by inhomogeneous cirrus to effects generated by homogeneous clouds having a constant geometrical thickness using the short-scale lidar observations of optical depth distribution and an analytical approach. In the case of thin cirrus, the scattering of solar light reaching the ground is stronger for inhomogeneous than homogeneous cirrus. In case of thick cirrus, multiplescattering processes need to be considered. The conclusion is that log-normal distribution of the cirrus optical depth should be considered in any radiative calculation in case of model grids larger than a few kilometers whatever the cirrus type is.
Planetary and Space Science, 2001
Mass flux monitoring of cosmic dust grains is possible by means of microbalance sensors, such as ... more Mass flux monitoring of cosmic dust grains is possible by means of microbalance sensors, such as those used in the GIADA-MBS system, onboard the Rosetta mission. An important parameter, which determines the efficient collection of grains with time, is the sticking efficiency of the electrode-coated quartz crystals forming the sensor of the microbalance. In principle, an improving of performances should
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2005
... Jean-Marie Perrin a , Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Aut... more ... Jean-Marie Perrin a , Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author , Gérard Thuillier b , M. Fehrenbach a and François Huppert a. a Observatoire de Haute Provence, St Michel l'Observatoire 04870, France. ...
Icarus, 1988
On the basis of the organic material "tholin" whose optical constants have been measured by B. N.... more On the basis of the organic material "tholin" whose optical constants have been measured by B. N. Khare ct al. (1984, Icarus 60, 127-137), we investigate the optical properties of tholin grains and find an original behavior, intermediate between dielectric and absorbing material. Solving for the interaction with the solar radiation field, we obtain the ratio fl of the radiation pressure and gravitational forces and the temperature distribution. The temperature is a strong function of the size of the grains with the submicron grains much hotter than the blackbody. The presence of such an organic material in cometary dust looks very promising for explaining several "puzzling" observations such as the CN jets and the absence of the silicate emission feature at heliocentric distances beyond =1.5 ALl.
Advances in Space Research, 2002
The Grain Detection System (GDS) is part of the instrument GIADA (Grain Impact Analyser and Dust ... more The Grain Detection System (GDS) is part of the instrument GIADA (Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator), included in the scientific payload of the ESA Rosetta mission towards comet 46PiWirtanen. GIADA is aimed at analysing the grain dynamic properties and the dust flux evolution in the cometary environment. The GDS is devoted to the detection of single grains entering the instrument, to measure their velocity and to obtain information about their morphology and possibly composition. In this paper we describe the design of the GDS instrument and give some predictions on GDS performances at the comet. In particular, the simulation shows that the GDS will be able to count a total of 4.7 x lo5 particle "events" during all the GIADA operating phase and so satisfy scientific requirements for a statistically reliable analysis of cometary grains.
Advances in Space Research, 2002
Micro-balances have been used in the past for volatile deposition monitoring in laboratory and in... more Micro-balances have been used in the past for volatile deposition monitoring in laboratory and in space environment. In order to determine their suitability to measure mass deposition in the form of solid particles, some topical aspects must be characterised, such as the sensitivity versus temperature and grain mass and the sticking efficiency versus grain speed. These parameters have been retrieved for different sensor configurations, i.e. with and without an adhesive coating, used in the perspective of improving the sensor particle collection efficiency. Our studies show that the adhesive coating improves the sensor sticking efficiency only for fast (100-400 m se') grains. However, the stability of the output signal with temperature is worse in the coated configuration by a factor of about ten. These results provide important inputs in the view of using micro-balances for dust monitoring. In particular, they have been carefully considered for the selection of the configuration of micro-balances, included as subsystems of the GIADA experiment onboard the ESA ROSETTA mission and aimed at studying flux and dynamic properties of cometary grains.
Advances in Space Research, 2005
Radar observations of small space debris made with the Goldstone radar facility have shown that a... more Radar observations of small space debris made with the Goldstone radar facility have shown that a population of small particles do exist at an altitude larger than 2000 km. This population has been identified with clusters of copper needles created upon the deployment of the West Ford needles project, by MIDAS satellites in 1961 and 1963. This set of particles is either not taken into account in the debris models or only added to other populations. But owing to their specific physical and geometrical properties, the sunlight they scatter could affect, for instance, the spaceborne astronomical experiments. In order to assess this threat it is necessary to model their physical and geometric characteristics. A preliminary modelling using spheres suggests that some improvement is needed. We propose a better approach with long conductive cylinders as a model for the clusters. The interaction of solar light with these particles allows us to estimate the spurious flux scattered inside spaceborne instruments. We conclude that for a given spatial configuration light flashes can affect seriously the operating mode of high sensitivity instruments.
Acta Astronautica, 2006
Radar observations of small space debris made with the Goldstone radar facility has shown that a ... more Radar observations of small space debris made with the Goldstone radar facility has shown that a population of small particles do exist at an altitude larger than 2000 km. This population has been identified with clusters of copper needles created upon the deployment of the West Ford needles project, by MIDAS satellites in 1961 and 1963. This set of particles is either not taken into account in the debris models or only add to other populations. However, it could affect, for instance, the space borne astronomical experiments. In order to assess this threat it is necessary to model their physical and geometric characteristics. A preliminary modelling using spheres suggests that some improvement is needed. We propose a better approach with long conductive circular cylinders as a model for the clusters. The interaction of solar light with these particles allows us to estimate the spurious flux scattered inside space borne instruments. We conclude that for a given spatial configuration light flashes can affect seriously the operating mode of high-sensitivity instruments.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005
The upper atmosphere dynamics in the polar cap is mainly driven by ion-drag momentum sources impo... more The upper atmosphere dynamics in the polar cap is mainly driven by ion-drag momentum sources imposed by the mapping of magnetosphere convection into the thermosphere/ionosphere and by Joule and auroral particle heating. Auroral particles also enhance conductivity particularly in the middle and lower ionosphere. Changes in the magnetospheric energy and momentum sources can significantly modify the wind circulation during geomagnetic storms. To observe these effects, a Michelson interferometer has been installed in Svalbard to measure winds in the thermosphere. Prior to 30 October 2003, cloud cover over Svalbard rendered the conditions unfavorable for optical observation. However, meteorological conditions improved after this date to enable the thermospheric response to the 28 October coronal mass ejection to be made. During quiet geomagnetic conditions measured wind velocities were in good agreement with those predicted by the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM). During disturbed geomagnetic conditions, HWM tended to underestimate the observed velocities. Comparison of the wind observations with a physical model tended to show reasonable agreement during both the strongly driven and recovery phase of the storm. Although the physical model did not always capture the timing of the rapid changes in the wind response in the early phase of the storm, the amplitudes of the fluctuations were in good agreement. After the initial phase the physical model agreed well with both the timing and amplitude of the meridional and zonal wind fluctuations. The meridional wind component was also derived from the EISCAT Svalbard Radar ion velocity and was found to be in close agreement with the optical winds observations.
Acta Astronautica, 2012
During the last three decades a wide variety of surfaces have been brought back to Earth after be... more During the last three decades a wide variety of surfaces have been brought back to Earth after being exposed to space environment. The impact features found on these surfaces are used to evaluate the damages caused to spacecraft and can give clues to the characteristics of the orbital debris and meteoroids that created them. In order to derive more precisely the particle parameters and to improve the analysis of projectile remnants, we have performed an extensive analysis of craters caused by the impact of high velocity particles on thick ductile targets, using a micro-particle accelerator. We show that from the geometry of the craters and from the analysis of the remnants it is possible to derive the main characteristics of the projectiles. In particular, using upto-date instrumentation, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Xray (EDX) spectrometer, we found that even small residues inside craters can be identified. However, this study shows that a velocity resolution better than 1 km/s would be appropriate to obtain a fair calibration of the impact processes on a ductile target. This would allow to decipher with precision impact features on ductile surfaces exposed to space environment.
We present low-dispersion visible spectra of two regions of the 30 Doradus nebula. When corrected... more We present low-dispersion visible spectra of two regions of the 30 Doradus nebula. When corrected for atomic continuum emission and divided by the spectrum of the exciting and illuminating stars, one of the two spectra clearly shows Extended Red Emission (ERE) superimposed on the scattering component. This ERE band peaks around 7270 \AA and is 1140 \AA width. HAC grains are found to explain the observed spectra in terms of scattering and luminescence.
We present low-dispersion visible spectra of two regions of the 30 Doradus nebula. When corrected... more We present low-dispersion visible spectra of two regions of the 30 Doradus nebula. When corrected for atomic continuum emission and divided by the spectrum of the exciting and illuminating stars, one of the two spectra clearly shows Extended Red Emission (ERE) superimposed on the scattering component. This ERE band peaks around 7270 \AA and is 1140 \AA width. HAC grains are found to explain the observed spectra in terms of scattering and luminescence.
Science (New York, N.Y.), Jan 23, 2015
Critical measurements for understanding accretion and the dust/gas ratio in the solar nebula, whe... more Critical measurements for understanding accretion and the dust/gas ratio in the solar nebula, where planets were forming 4.5 billion years ago, are being obtained by the GIADA (Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator) experiment on the European Space…
Science (New York, N.Y.), Jan 23, 2015
Critical measurements for understanding accretion and the dust/gas ratio in the solar nebula, whe... more Critical measurements for understanding accretion and the dust/gas ratio in the solar nebula, where planets were forming 4.5 billion years ago, are being obtained by the GIADA (Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator) experiment on the European Space…
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Papers by Jean-Marie Perrin