In Chile, there are no validated instruments for the evaluation of quality of life (QoL) of peopl... more In Chile, there are no validated instruments for the evaluation of quality of life (QoL) of people with Down syndrome (DS). To analyze construct validity and reliability of the KidsLife‐Down scale in Chile to measure QoL in people with DS aged from 4 to 21 years. Families of boys, girls, and young people with DS between 4 and 21 years were invited to participate. The scale was answered by relatives or caregivers. To assess the internal consistency, reliability tests were performed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The scale was answered by 531 relatives or caregivers. Cronbach's coefficient was greater than 0.7 in all the items. The confirmatory factor analysis of the scale allowed its validation for clinical use in the Chilean population. “Kids Life Down‐Chile” scale has adequate psychometric properties to be used in clinical practice and to help us improve QoL with better support strategies.
Association of physical activity and dietary habits with overweight in fertile Chilean women Back... more Association of physical activity and dietary habits with overweight in fertile Chilean women Background: Women in Chile are mainly responsible in the formation of eating habits in the population, particularly at their homes. Aim: To explore the association of physical activity and alimentary habits with overweight among adult Chilean women in fertile age. Material and Methods: Cross sectional study using the data from de National Health Survey 2009-2010. Socio-demographic variables, dietary issues, multidimensional physical activity, sedentary free time and their link with nutritional status were studied in a sample of 1,195 women aged between 20 and 44 years. Results: Sixty three percent of women were overweight. The factors positively associated overweight were having an age between 31 and 44 years (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.4), having a lower education level (PR = 1.23), living in rural areas (PR = 2.21) and being exposed to work environment (PR = 1.29). The factors negatively associated with overweight were the consumption of whole grains at least once daily (PR = 0.59), being physically active according to a self-assessment scale (PR = 0.22) and being physically inactive during leisure time (PR = 0.61). Conclusions: The promotion whole grain cereal consumption and physical activity in women is advisable to prevent overweight, mostly in vulnerable groups such as those older than 31 years, with a low educational level and living rural areas.
Association of physical activity and dietary habits with overweight in fertile Chilean women Back... more Association of physical activity and dietary habits with overweight in fertile Chilean women Background: Women in Chile are mainly responsible in the formation of eating habits in the population, particularly at their homes. Aim: To explore the association of physical activity and alimentary habits with overweight among adult Chilean women in fertile age. Material and Methods: Cross sectional study using the data from de National Health Survey 2009-2010. Socio-demographic variables, dietary issues, multidimensional physical activity, sedentary free time and their link with nutritional status were studied in a sample of 1,195 women aged between 20 and 44 years. Results: Sixty three percent of women were overweight. The factors positively associated overweight were having an age between 31 and 44 years (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.4), having a lower education level (PR = 1.23), living in rural areas (PR = 2.21) and being exposed to work environment (PR = 1.29). The factors negatively associated with overweight were the consumption of whole grains at least once daily (PR = 0.59), being physically active according to a self-assessment scale (PR = 0.22) and being physically inactive during leisure time (PR = 0.61). Conclusions: The promotion whole grain cereal consumption and physical activity in women is advisable to prevent overweight, mostly in vulnerable groups such as those older than 31 years, with a low educational level and living rural areas.
... Sebastián Claro T, Paula Bedregal G ... Araya y col 12 señalaron para el cuestionario que la ... more ... Sebastián Claro T, Paula Bedregal G ... Araya y col 12 señalaron para el cuestionario que la obtención de un puntaje mayor a cuatro sugiere la posibilidad de un trastorno emocional con 73% de especificidad, 76% de sensibilidad, 73% de valor predictivo negativo y 76% de valor ...
Introduction: The prevalence of obesity continues to grow over the years. Maternal obesity is an ... more Introduction: The prevalence of obesity continues to grow over the years. Maternal obesity is an established risk factor for mothers and newborns. We aimed to study the relation between maternal obesity, neonatal morbidity, and mortality. Population and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in Santiago's Southeast Metropolitan Health Service 2014-2018 birth database, Chile, including 19,946 mothers and their newborns. We used data on sociodemographic variables, nutritional status at the beginning and during pregnancy, and maternal morbidity. We assessed several birth, perinatal, and neonatal health outcomes. We estimated means, frequencies, and risk and odds ratios (OR), using a two-sided P-value <0.05 to determine statistical significance. Multivariate logistic regression analysis controlled for potential confounding factors. Results: The most common outcomes were fetal macrosomia (9.2%), and hospitalization (10.6%) while neonatal mortality (NM) was (5.2 ‰). Obesity at the beginning of pregnancy was 28.8%, and differed by maternal age, educational and socioeconomic levels, and morbidity such as diabetes mellitus. Risk of NM (OR =1.5; 95% CI = 1.1-2.3) and fetal macrosomia (OR =1.7; 95% CI = 1.7-2.1) was higher in newborns of obese mothers. Excessive Gestational Weight Gain rate was associated with fetal macrosomia (OR = 1.8; 95% CI =1.6-2.0) and neonatal admission to emergency (OR = 1.2; 95% CI =1.1-1.4), but not with NM (P-value=0.265). Discussion: Maternal obesity was found associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, findings that are biologically plausible. We recommend the promotion of maintaining a normal weight before pregnancy and an adequate gestational weight gain.
In 2011, Chile added 12 mandatory extra weeks of maternity leave (ML). In January 2015, a pay-for... more In 2011, Chile added 12 mandatory extra weeks of maternity leave (ML). In January 2015, a pay-forperformance (P4P) strategy was included in the primary healthcare system, incorporating exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) promotion actions. The COVID-19 pandemic led to healthcare access difficulties and augmented household workloads. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a 24-week ML, the P4P strategy, and COVID-19 on EBF prevalence, at 3 and 6 months in Chile. Aggregated EBF prevalence data from public healthcare users nationwide (80% of the Chilean population) was collected by month. Interrupted time series analyses were used to quantify changes in EBF trends from 2009 to 2020. The heterogeneity of EBF changes was assessed by urban/setting and across geographic settings. We found no effect of ML on EBF; the P4P strategy increased EBF at 3 months by 3.1% and 5.7% at 6 months. COVID-19 reduced EBF at 3 months by − 4.5%. Geographical heterogeneity in the impact of the two policies and COVID-19 on EBF was identified. The null effect of ML on EBF in the public healthcare system could be explained by low access from public healthcare users to ML (20% had access to ML) and by an insufficient ML duration (five and a half months). The negative impact of COVID-19 on EBF should alert policy makers about the crisis's effect on health promotion activities. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is known to be more than a source of nutrition for children. It is also a foundation for the growth and development of the immune, gastric, and cognitive systems and is a key factor for preventing chronic diseases in adulthood 1-3. There are also various documented benefits of EBF for mothers, including the prevention of breast and ovarian cancer, other chronic diseases, and postpartum depression 1. In 1990, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued the Innocenti Declaration on the Protection of Breastfeeding 4 , highlighting the significance of EBF and the importance of having EBF for at least 6 months. The WHO has set a global target for EBF at 6 months of at least 50% by 2025 and 70% by 2030 5. However, few countries have achieved this goal, with a global EBF rate of only 38% at 6 months in 2018 6. Several strategies have succeeded in promoting EBF, including paid maternity leave (ML) 1,7. Evidence has reported longer EBF with extended duration of ML; women with ML of at least three months were three times more likely to continue EBF than women who returned to work earlier 8. Pay-for-performance (P4P) strategies in primary healthcare have also been successful in improving health outcomes. P4P, described as financial incentives or rewards for healthcare workers, aims to help achieve primary healthcare centers (PHCC) health outcomes 9,10. However, the potential impact of P4P strategies on EBF has not yet been investigated. In 2011, Chile extended the mandatory fully-paid existing 12 weeks of ML by 12 extra 11 , bringing the total to 24 weeks. The ML in Chile allows women working with formal contracts and freelancer contracts with upto-date pension scheme payments to access fully paid ML for five and a half months (24 weeks). A descriptive study showed a 1.8% increase in EBF prevalence at 6 months after the implementation of the extended ML 12. Moreover, a recent study reported no effect of the extended ML on EBF by socioeconomic status 13. In addition,
... Constanza Recart H, e-mail: [email protected]. Dra. ... Bralic y colaboradores 7 , en 19... more ... Constanza Recart H, e-mail: [email protected]. Dra. ... Bralic y colaboradores 7 , en 1984 utilizando el Inventario de Achenbach en niños entre los 6 y los 11 años de edad, en Santiago de Chile, encontró que 7,2% obtenía puntajes altos para problemas conductuales, sin ...
were enrolled. Information about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was obtained from the Catholic... more were enrolled. Information about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was obtained from the Catholic University Medical Investigation Center. Indices of air pollution such as particulate matters of less than 10 microns/m 3 (PM 10), of less than 2.5 microns/m3 (PM 2.5), CO, SO 3 and O 3 were obtained from the Metropolitan Environmental Service. Temperature, humidity and precipitations were obtained from the Chilean Meteorological Service. Results: Ninety nine consultations in out patient clinics and 442 in emergency rooms were collected (55% male, mean age 4.8 months). One hundred fifty two were admitted (34.4%). Thirty percent of children consulting in emergency rooms were younger than 3 months and 43% of them were hospitalized. The RSV study was made in 307 patients and 52% were positive. There was a higher rate of hospital admissions among RSV positive than RSV negative patients (52.5 and 22% respectively, p<0.001). No association between environmental variables or air pollution and the number of consultations was observed. Young age and smoking inside the household were the main risk factors for hospital admission due to acute bronchiolitis. Conclusions: Environmental variables did not influence the number of cases of acute brochiolitis. Young age and exposure to tobacco smoke were risk factors for hospital admission (Rev Méd Chile 2003; 131: 1117-22).
... María Mena R, Patricia Navarrete M, Sergio Corvalán V, Paula Bedregal G. ... rehabilitada, 8%... more ... María Mena R, Patricia Navarrete M, Sergio Corvalán V, Paula Bedregal G. ... rehabilitada, 8% con tías, 7% adoptados, 3% en colocación familiar, 3% en Casa Nacional y ... 23. Mena MA, Schurmann R, Massardo B, Moya S. Descendencia en mujeres con sindrome alcohólico fetal. ...
Background: Traffic accidents are one of the most important public health problems in the world a... more Background: Traffic accidents are one of the most important public health problems in the world and produce social, work and human resources losses. Aim: To perform an epidemiological description of traffic accidents occurred in Chile during 1994. Material and methods: Data were obtained from death certificates in which the cause of death was a traffic accident. All death certificates obtained by the National Institute of Statistics during 1994 were used. Social, demographic and seasonal variables were recorded. Results: During 1994, there were 1679 deaths due to traffic accidents (81% male), with a rate of 19.6 per 100,000 inhabitants. Gender specific risks were 19.62 and 4.48 for men and women, respectively. Mean age at the moment of death was 39 years old. Fifty three percent of deceased people were single, 42% married and 5% widowers. Ten percent had no formal education, 48% had basic education, 23% college education and 6.5% university education. Seventy seven percent of fatalities occurred in urban areas. The risk of death by traffic accidents was 7.02 per 100,000 inhabitants in the metropolitan region. Conclusions: The information obtained in the present study may help to generate preventive strategies to control deaths caused by traffic accidents.
Background Disruptions in essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic have been report... more Background Disruptions in essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic have been reported in several countries. Yet, patterns in health service disruption according to country responses remain unclear. In this paper, we investigate associations between the stringency of COVID-19 containment policies and disruptions in 31 health services in 10 low-middle-and high-income countries in 2020. Methods Using routine health information systems and administrative data from 10 countries
State of complementary and alternative medicine education in psychiatry residency programs Backgr... more State of complementary and alternative medicine education in psychiatry residency programs Background: The incorporation of integrative medicine as a holistic approach increased in medical education. However, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) formal teaching in psychiatry residency programs is limited. Aim: To assess the incorporation of CAM education in different Chilean psychiatry programs and to determine the knowledge and attitudes toward this issue. Material and Methods: An online survey was sent to 80 academic staff from five psychiatry programs. Forty-nine participants answered the survey (61%). Some of the questionnaire topics were the inclusion of CAM content in the program, types of CAM included, and motivation and strategies for the CAM content incorporation in their training curriculum. Results: Most respondents answered that there is no formal CAM content in their program's curriculum. The main topics to incorporate CAM in a psychiatry residency are sleep hygiene, stress management, and motivational interviewing. The lack of knowledge, time constraints, and the limited resources are major barriers to include CAM in their curriculums. Conclusions: Our results suggest that many academic staff of Chilean psychiatry training programs are aware of the importance of having CAM content in their curriculum. However, some barriers hinder their incorporation and implementation.
El estudio del vínculo prenatal paterno es un área de investigación reciente, que cobra relevanci... more El estudio del vínculo prenatal paterno es un área de investigación reciente, que cobra relevancia por su correlación con el vínculo paterno postnatal y que incide en el desarrollo cognitivo y socioemocional de niños y niñas. Objetivo: Caracterizar el vínculo prenatal paterno, a partir de la percepción materna, en puérperas atendidas en un Hospital público de la Región Metropolitana. Sujetos y Método: Estudio observacional transversal. Se entrevistó a mujeres puérperas hospitalizadas, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario con variables sociodemográficas de ambos padres y la Escala de Percepción Materna del Vínculo Prenatal Paterno, previamente adaptada y validada. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y de asociación para conocer el comportamiento del indicador vínculo con respecto a las variables sociodemográficas. Resultados: El puntaje promedio del Vínculo prenatal paterno desde la perspectiva materna fue de 41,5 (rango 10-50). El resultado del vínculo prenatal paterno desde la pe...
Objective: Chile is one of the few high-income countries in Latin America, being a pioneer in imp... more Objective: Chile is one of the few high-income countries in Latin America, being a pioneer in implementing a national newborn screening (NBS) program in 1992. Currently, it covers 98% of the population, but no long-term outcomes have been described so far. The aim of this study was to report the neurocognitive outcomes of children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) diagnosed by the NBS program in Chile between 2005 and 2012 and to identify variables associated with the outcomes. Methods: We performed a case-control study in children with CH born in the two largest regions of the country. The Leiter-R and TEVI-R tests were administered at home to 69 children with CH and 68 matched control subjects. Other variables affecting cognition were obtained. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for Leiter-R and TEVI-R tests, using a model for cases alone and another model for cases and controls. Results: No differences in Leiter-R and TEVI-R results were observed between c...
In Chile, there are no validated instruments for the evaluation of quality of life (QoL) of peopl... more In Chile, there are no validated instruments for the evaluation of quality of life (QoL) of people with Down syndrome (DS). To analyze construct validity and reliability of the KidsLife‐Down scale in Chile to measure QoL in people with DS aged from 4 to 21 years. Families of boys, girls, and young people with DS between 4 and 21 years were invited to participate. The scale was answered by relatives or caregivers. To assess the internal consistency, reliability tests were performed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The scale was answered by 531 relatives or caregivers. Cronbach's coefficient was greater than 0.7 in all the items. The confirmatory factor analysis of the scale allowed its validation for clinical use in the Chilean population. “Kids Life Down‐Chile” scale has adequate psychometric properties to be used in clinical practice and to help us improve QoL with better support strategies.
Association of physical activity and dietary habits with overweight in fertile Chilean women Back... more Association of physical activity and dietary habits with overweight in fertile Chilean women Background: Women in Chile are mainly responsible in the formation of eating habits in the population, particularly at their homes. Aim: To explore the association of physical activity and alimentary habits with overweight among adult Chilean women in fertile age. Material and Methods: Cross sectional study using the data from de National Health Survey 2009-2010. Socio-demographic variables, dietary issues, multidimensional physical activity, sedentary free time and their link with nutritional status were studied in a sample of 1,195 women aged between 20 and 44 years. Results: Sixty three percent of women were overweight. The factors positively associated overweight were having an age between 31 and 44 years (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.4), having a lower education level (PR = 1.23), living in rural areas (PR = 2.21) and being exposed to work environment (PR = 1.29). The factors negatively associated with overweight were the consumption of whole grains at least once daily (PR = 0.59), being physically active according to a self-assessment scale (PR = 0.22) and being physically inactive during leisure time (PR = 0.61). Conclusions: The promotion whole grain cereal consumption and physical activity in women is advisable to prevent overweight, mostly in vulnerable groups such as those older than 31 years, with a low educational level and living rural areas.
Association of physical activity and dietary habits with overweight in fertile Chilean women Back... more Association of physical activity and dietary habits with overweight in fertile Chilean women Background: Women in Chile are mainly responsible in the formation of eating habits in the population, particularly at their homes. Aim: To explore the association of physical activity and alimentary habits with overweight among adult Chilean women in fertile age. Material and Methods: Cross sectional study using the data from de National Health Survey 2009-2010. Socio-demographic variables, dietary issues, multidimensional physical activity, sedentary free time and their link with nutritional status were studied in a sample of 1,195 women aged between 20 and 44 years. Results: Sixty three percent of women were overweight. The factors positively associated overweight were having an age between 31 and 44 years (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.4), having a lower education level (PR = 1.23), living in rural areas (PR = 2.21) and being exposed to work environment (PR = 1.29). The factors negatively associated with overweight were the consumption of whole grains at least once daily (PR = 0.59), being physically active according to a self-assessment scale (PR = 0.22) and being physically inactive during leisure time (PR = 0.61). Conclusions: The promotion whole grain cereal consumption and physical activity in women is advisable to prevent overweight, mostly in vulnerable groups such as those older than 31 years, with a low educational level and living rural areas.
... Sebastián Claro T, Paula Bedregal G ... Araya y col 12 señalaron para el cuestionario que la ... more ... Sebastián Claro T, Paula Bedregal G ... Araya y col 12 señalaron para el cuestionario que la obtención de un puntaje mayor a cuatro sugiere la posibilidad de un trastorno emocional con 73% de especificidad, 76% de sensibilidad, 73% de valor predictivo negativo y 76% de valor ...
Introduction: The prevalence of obesity continues to grow over the years. Maternal obesity is an ... more Introduction: The prevalence of obesity continues to grow over the years. Maternal obesity is an established risk factor for mothers and newborns. We aimed to study the relation between maternal obesity, neonatal morbidity, and mortality. Population and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in Santiago's Southeast Metropolitan Health Service 2014-2018 birth database, Chile, including 19,946 mothers and their newborns. We used data on sociodemographic variables, nutritional status at the beginning and during pregnancy, and maternal morbidity. We assessed several birth, perinatal, and neonatal health outcomes. We estimated means, frequencies, and risk and odds ratios (OR), using a two-sided P-value <0.05 to determine statistical significance. Multivariate logistic regression analysis controlled for potential confounding factors. Results: The most common outcomes were fetal macrosomia (9.2%), and hospitalization (10.6%) while neonatal mortality (NM) was (5.2 ‰). Obesity at the beginning of pregnancy was 28.8%, and differed by maternal age, educational and socioeconomic levels, and morbidity such as diabetes mellitus. Risk of NM (OR =1.5; 95% CI = 1.1-2.3) and fetal macrosomia (OR =1.7; 95% CI = 1.7-2.1) was higher in newborns of obese mothers. Excessive Gestational Weight Gain rate was associated with fetal macrosomia (OR = 1.8; 95% CI =1.6-2.0) and neonatal admission to emergency (OR = 1.2; 95% CI =1.1-1.4), but not with NM (P-value=0.265). Discussion: Maternal obesity was found associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, findings that are biologically plausible. We recommend the promotion of maintaining a normal weight before pregnancy and an adequate gestational weight gain.
In 2011, Chile added 12 mandatory extra weeks of maternity leave (ML). In January 2015, a pay-for... more In 2011, Chile added 12 mandatory extra weeks of maternity leave (ML). In January 2015, a pay-forperformance (P4P) strategy was included in the primary healthcare system, incorporating exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) promotion actions. The COVID-19 pandemic led to healthcare access difficulties and augmented household workloads. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a 24-week ML, the P4P strategy, and COVID-19 on EBF prevalence, at 3 and 6 months in Chile. Aggregated EBF prevalence data from public healthcare users nationwide (80% of the Chilean population) was collected by month. Interrupted time series analyses were used to quantify changes in EBF trends from 2009 to 2020. The heterogeneity of EBF changes was assessed by urban/setting and across geographic settings. We found no effect of ML on EBF; the P4P strategy increased EBF at 3 months by 3.1% and 5.7% at 6 months. COVID-19 reduced EBF at 3 months by − 4.5%. Geographical heterogeneity in the impact of the two policies and COVID-19 on EBF was identified. The null effect of ML on EBF in the public healthcare system could be explained by low access from public healthcare users to ML (20% had access to ML) and by an insufficient ML duration (five and a half months). The negative impact of COVID-19 on EBF should alert policy makers about the crisis's effect on health promotion activities. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is known to be more than a source of nutrition for children. It is also a foundation for the growth and development of the immune, gastric, and cognitive systems and is a key factor for preventing chronic diseases in adulthood 1-3. There are also various documented benefits of EBF for mothers, including the prevention of breast and ovarian cancer, other chronic diseases, and postpartum depression 1. In 1990, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued the Innocenti Declaration on the Protection of Breastfeeding 4 , highlighting the significance of EBF and the importance of having EBF for at least 6 months. The WHO has set a global target for EBF at 6 months of at least 50% by 2025 and 70% by 2030 5. However, few countries have achieved this goal, with a global EBF rate of only 38% at 6 months in 2018 6. Several strategies have succeeded in promoting EBF, including paid maternity leave (ML) 1,7. Evidence has reported longer EBF with extended duration of ML; women with ML of at least three months were three times more likely to continue EBF than women who returned to work earlier 8. Pay-for-performance (P4P) strategies in primary healthcare have also been successful in improving health outcomes. P4P, described as financial incentives or rewards for healthcare workers, aims to help achieve primary healthcare centers (PHCC) health outcomes 9,10. However, the potential impact of P4P strategies on EBF has not yet been investigated. In 2011, Chile extended the mandatory fully-paid existing 12 weeks of ML by 12 extra 11 , bringing the total to 24 weeks. The ML in Chile allows women working with formal contracts and freelancer contracts with upto-date pension scheme payments to access fully paid ML for five and a half months (24 weeks). A descriptive study showed a 1.8% increase in EBF prevalence at 6 months after the implementation of the extended ML 12. Moreover, a recent study reported no effect of the extended ML on EBF by socioeconomic status 13. In addition,
... Constanza Recart H, e-mail: [email protected]. Dra. ... Bralic y colaboradores 7 , en 19... more ... Constanza Recart H, e-mail: [email protected]. Dra. ... Bralic y colaboradores 7 , en 1984 utilizando el Inventario de Achenbach en niños entre los 6 y los 11 años de edad, en Santiago de Chile, encontró que 7,2% obtenía puntajes altos para problemas conductuales, sin ...
were enrolled. Information about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was obtained from the Catholic... more were enrolled. Information about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was obtained from the Catholic University Medical Investigation Center. Indices of air pollution such as particulate matters of less than 10 microns/m 3 (PM 10), of less than 2.5 microns/m3 (PM 2.5), CO, SO 3 and O 3 were obtained from the Metropolitan Environmental Service. Temperature, humidity and precipitations were obtained from the Chilean Meteorological Service. Results: Ninety nine consultations in out patient clinics and 442 in emergency rooms were collected (55% male, mean age 4.8 months). One hundred fifty two were admitted (34.4%). Thirty percent of children consulting in emergency rooms were younger than 3 months and 43% of them were hospitalized. The RSV study was made in 307 patients and 52% were positive. There was a higher rate of hospital admissions among RSV positive than RSV negative patients (52.5 and 22% respectively, p<0.001). No association between environmental variables or air pollution and the number of consultations was observed. Young age and smoking inside the household were the main risk factors for hospital admission due to acute bronchiolitis. Conclusions: Environmental variables did not influence the number of cases of acute brochiolitis. Young age and exposure to tobacco smoke were risk factors for hospital admission (Rev Méd Chile 2003; 131: 1117-22).
... María Mena R, Patricia Navarrete M, Sergio Corvalán V, Paula Bedregal G. ... rehabilitada, 8%... more ... María Mena R, Patricia Navarrete M, Sergio Corvalán V, Paula Bedregal G. ... rehabilitada, 8% con tías, 7% adoptados, 3% en colocación familiar, 3% en Casa Nacional y ... 23. Mena MA, Schurmann R, Massardo B, Moya S. Descendencia en mujeres con sindrome alcohólico fetal. ...
Background: Traffic accidents are one of the most important public health problems in the world a... more Background: Traffic accidents are one of the most important public health problems in the world and produce social, work and human resources losses. Aim: To perform an epidemiological description of traffic accidents occurred in Chile during 1994. Material and methods: Data were obtained from death certificates in which the cause of death was a traffic accident. All death certificates obtained by the National Institute of Statistics during 1994 were used. Social, demographic and seasonal variables were recorded. Results: During 1994, there were 1679 deaths due to traffic accidents (81% male), with a rate of 19.6 per 100,000 inhabitants. Gender specific risks were 19.62 and 4.48 for men and women, respectively. Mean age at the moment of death was 39 years old. Fifty three percent of deceased people were single, 42% married and 5% widowers. Ten percent had no formal education, 48% had basic education, 23% college education and 6.5% university education. Seventy seven percent of fatalities occurred in urban areas. The risk of death by traffic accidents was 7.02 per 100,000 inhabitants in the metropolitan region. Conclusions: The information obtained in the present study may help to generate preventive strategies to control deaths caused by traffic accidents.
Background Disruptions in essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic have been report... more Background Disruptions in essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic have been reported in several countries. Yet, patterns in health service disruption according to country responses remain unclear. In this paper, we investigate associations between the stringency of COVID-19 containment policies and disruptions in 31 health services in 10 low-middle-and high-income countries in 2020. Methods Using routine health information systems and administrative data from 10 countries
State of complementary and alternative medicine education in psychiatry residency programs Backgr... more State of complementary and alternative medicine education in psychiatry residency programs Background: The incorporation of integrative medicine as a holistic approach increased in medical education. However, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) formal teaching in psychiatry residency programs is limited. Aim: To assess the incorporation of CAM education in different Chilean psychiatry programs and to determine the knowledge and attitudes toward this issue. Material and Methods: An online survey was sent to 80 academic staff from five psychiatry programs. Forty-nine participants answered the survey (61%). Some of the questionnaire topics were the inclusion of CAM content in the program, types of CAM included, and motivation and strategies for the CAM content incorporation in their training curriculum. Results: Most respondents answered that there is no formal CAM content in their program's curriculum. The main topics to incorporate CAM in a psychiatry residency are sleep hygiene, stress management, and motivational interviewing. The lack of knowledge, time constraints, and the limited resources are major barriers to include CAM in their curriculums. Conclusions: Our results suggest that many academic staff of Chilean psychiatry training programs are aware of the importance of having CAM content in their curriculum. However, some barriers hinder their incorporation and implementation.
El estudio del vínculo prenatal paterno es un área de investigación reciente, que cobra relevanci... more El estudio del vínculo prenatal paterno es un área de investigación reciente, que cobra relevancia por su correlación con el vínculo paterno postnatal y que incide en el desarrollo cognitivo y socioemocional de niños y niñas. Objetivo: Caracterizar el vínculo prenatal paterno, a partir de la percepción materna, en puérperas atendidas en un Hospital público de la Región Metropolitana. Sujetos y Método: Estudio observacional transversal. Se entrevistó a mujeres puérperas hospitalizadas, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario con variables sociodemográficas de ambos padres y la Escala de Percepción Materna del Vínculo Prenatal Paterno, previamente adaptada y validada. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y de asociación para conocer el comportamiento del indicador vínculo con respecto a las variables sociodemográficas. Resultados: El puntaje promedio del Vínculo prenatal paterno desde la perspectiva materna fue de 41,5 (rango 10-50). El resultado del vínculo prenatal paterno desde la pe...
Objective: Chile is one of the few high-income countries in Latin America, being a pioneer in imp... more Objective: Chile is one of the few high-income countries in Latin America, being a pioneer in implementing a national newborn screening (NBS) program in 1992. Currently, it covers 98% of the population, but no long-term outcomes have been described so far. The aim of this study was to report the neurocognitive outcomes of children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) diagnosed by the NBS program in Chile between 2005 and 2012 and to identify variables associated with the outcomes. Methods: We performed a case-control study in children with CH born in the two largest regions of the country. The Leiter-R and TEVI-R tests were administered at home to 69 children with CH and 68 matched control subjects. Other variables affecting cognition were obtained. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for Leiter-R and TEVI-R tests, using a model for cases alone and another model for cases and controls. Results: No differences in Leiter-R and TEVI-R results were observed between c...
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