Papers by Patrick Sangouard
SANGOUARD Patrick, 2024
ABSTRACT
This theoretical work corresponds to the hope of extracting an energy present throughout... more ABSTRACT
This theoretical work corresponds to the hope of extracting an energy present throughout the universe: that of the quantum vacuum. With the energy of the quantum vacuum as the only source, this article shows that it is theoretically possible, without contradicting EMMY NOETHER's theorem: 1/ to maintain a continuous periodic vibration of a piezoelectric bridge embedded at its two ends, 2/ to extract a usable electrical power from it. These vibrations of the sensor part of the proposed MEMS have nothing in common with an impossible macroscopic "perpetual motion" because the energy of the quantum vacuum permanently powers the system.
They are obtained by automatically controlling the deformation of a piezoelectric bridge. This cyclic deformation is created thanks to the Casimir force FCA, omnipresent, permanent and attractive, between two electrodes. This force FCA is controlled by an automatic Coulomb repulsive force FCO which is applied, thanks to the closure of a switch n°1 on a third electrode called Coulomb. The FCO Coulomb’s force derives from the electric charges generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric bridge. The FCO force is in the opposite direction and with a greater intensity than the FCA. The FCO force appears and disappears at predetermined positions z1 and z2, thanks to the very close switching of two switches which automatically switch by the action of the electric charges appearing on the deformed piezoelectric bridge. The resultant of the applied forces, FCO - FCA then straightens the bridge and gives it a kinetic energy, giving it an inertia which will be dissipated by the FCA force. The deformation of the piezoelectric bridge being reduced as well as its electric charges, the switch n°1 opens again, immediately after its closure. Very quickly afterwards, the Coulomb electrode is then brought to ground, thanks to the switching - via an R.L.C circuit - of the switch n°2. The Fco force therefore disappears very quickly after its appearance. The kinetic energy acquired by the structure gives it an inertia which allows it to find or slightly exceed the initial position. The Casimir force, still present, then deforms the structure again. The system starts to vibrate. Each time switch n°2 is closed to ground, a current and voltage peak is generated. These periodic power peaks supply an autonomous electronic circuit (without any power supply) which transforms these signals into a usable DC voltage. In this article we will exclusively present the energy balance of the structure, and we will show that - unless mistaken - this balance is consistent with Miss Emmy Noether's fundamental theorem. For the parts: 1/ Putting into equations the dynamic behavior of the structure 2/ Creation of autonomous electronics for signal shaping 3/ Manufacturing microtechnology [7] [8] [9] See the articles published on Academia at the addresses: https://www.academia.edu/94163820 , https://www.academia.edu /94166557
Revue internationale de génie électrique, Aug 30, 2004
International audienc
Althougli electroclieniical etching of single crystal silicon is not n e w , biased dependent etc... more Althougli electroclieniical etching of single crystal silicon is not n e w , biased dependent etching of polysilicon has never been investigated. Polysilicon has excellent mechanical properties and is a basic material in standard integrated circuits. 'I'his new etching technique is compatible with CMOS integrated circuit fabrication and allows a very good etch selectivity towards mono or polycristalline silicon layers and silicon dioxide. Electrochemical investigations give two important results. No anisotropical effect were observed and heavily doped polysilicon (30 / for a l u n thick layer) gives OFP (oxide formation potentittl) i n the same order to those of single crystal silicon. Using a convenient bias, it is possible to realise etch stop tecliniques on P.N. polysilicon or P.N. poly/mono junctions with vertical or horizontal boundaries. Using uridoped polysilicori as a sacrificial layer and silicon dioxide to separate dopted and undoped polysilicon areas it is possible to built a large type of structures such as suspended driving path (lower parasite capacitors) i n integrated curcuits, or beanis and membranes ... i n sensors and actuiitors applications. Potential compatibility between polycristalline and single crystal silicon allows to fabricate mixed structures. It is possible t o use polysilicon as a masking material against IiOlI or as a driving path for electrochemical etch processes and to obtain a very good thickness control for the polysilico layers associated with convential cingle crystal elements. Afen batches of fabricalable of rnaghetic fiels sensor have be t i developped using this etching process.
Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires, Nov 1, 2007
Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Aug 21, 2004
... J. Micromech. Microeng. 14 (2004) S90–S96 PII: S0960-1317(04)77948-6 Piezoelectric micro-tran... more ... J. Micromech. Microeng. 14 (2004) S90–S96 PII: S0960-1317(04)77948-6 Piezoelectric micro-transformer based on PZT unimorph membrane Dejan Vasic1, Emmanuel Sarraute1, François Costa1, Patrick Sangouard2 and Eric Cattan3 ...
IntechOpen eBooks, Nov 30, 2022
This theoretical work corresponds to the hope of extracting, without contradicting EMMY NOETHER's... more This theoretical work corresponds to the hope of extracting, without contradicting EMMY NOETHER's theorem, an energy present throughout the universe: that of the spatial quantum vacuum! This article shows that it should be theoretically possible to maintain a continuous periodic vibration of a piezoelectric structure, which generates current peaks during a fraction of the vibration period. Electronics without any power supply then transform these alternating current signals into a usable direct voltage. To manufacture these different structures, we also present an original microtechnology for producing the regulation and transformation electronics, as well as that necessary for controlling the very weak interfaces between the Casimir electrodes and that of the return electrodes! These vibrations are obtained by controlling automatically and at appropriate instants the action of the attractive Casimir force by a repulsive Coulomb force applied to return electrodes. The Casimir force appearing between the two electrodes of a reflector deforms a piezoelectric bridge, inducing a displacement of the barycenter of the ionic electric charges of the bridge. This internal piezoelectric field attracts opposing moving charges, from the mass, on either side of the piezoelectric bridge used by the Coulomb force used to generate an opposing Coulomb force.
Electronics Letters, 1988
ABSTRACT
Sensors and Actuators A-physical, 2005
This paper presents the integration of a piezoelectric micro-transformer in a silicon substrate. ... more This paper presents the integration of a piezoelectric micro-transformer in a silicon substrate. The selected topology of the transformer takes advantage of the active materials like PZT. These structure is constituted by a unimorph circular membrane (PZT/silicon). Manufacturing process is compatible with MOSFET technologies. The application of this transformer is to achieve galvanic insulation in power converter to supply micro-systems
Revue des Maladies Respiratoires, 2007
AIRhelp sur le podium AIRhelp Des tests cliniques et son historique Les poumons sont recouverts d... more AIRhelp sur le podium AIRhelp Des tests cliniques et son historique Les poumons sont recouverts d'un mince mucus-film liquide normalement très fluide-dans lequel des cils vibratiles oscillent librement et qui protège les cellules pulmonaires en les isolant d'un contact direct avec l'air. Les maladies pulmonaires débouchant sur une pathologie du mucus bronchique provoquent des insuffisances respiratoires sévères et nécessitent-indépendamment de la cause biologique de la pathologie du mucus-son extraction des poumons pour soulager les patients et leur assurer une certaine qualité de vie. C'est pour cela qu'a été développé le dispositif d'extraction du mucus AirHelp, fabriqué et commercialisé par la société Alam Médical.
SIGLECNRS TD Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc
This theoretical work corresponds to the hope of extracting, without contradicting EMMY NOETHER's... more This theoretical work corresponds to the hope of extracting, without contradicting EMMY NOETHER's theorem, an energy present throughout the universe: that of the spatial quantum vacuum!
This article shows that it should be theoretically possible to maintain a continuous periodic vibration of a piezoelectric structure, which generates current peaks during a fraction of the vibration period.
Electronics without any power supply, then transform these alternating current signals into a usable direct voltage.
To manufacture these different structures, we also present an original microtechnology for producing the regulation and transformation electronics, as well as that necessary for controlling the very weak interfaces between the Casimir electrodes and that of the return electrodes!
These vibrations are obtained by controlling automatically and at appropriate instants the action of the attractive Casimir force by a repulsive Coulomb force applied to return electrodes.
The Casimir force appearing between the two electrodes of a reflector deforms a piezoelectric bridge, inducing a displacement of the barycenter of the ionic electric charges of the bridge. This internal piezoelectric field attracts opposing moving charges, from the mass, on either side of the piezoelectric bridge used by the Coulomb force used to generate an opposing Coulomb force.
sangouard
This theoretical work corresponds to the hope of extracting, without contradicting EMMY NOETHER's... more This theoretical work corresponds to the hope of extracting, without contradicting EMMY NOETHER's theorem, an energy present throughout the universe: that of the spatial quantum vacuum!
This article shows that it should be theoretically possible to maintain a continuous periodic vibration of a piezoelectric structure, which generates current peaks during a fraction of the vibration period.
Electronics without any power supply, then transform these alternating current signals into a usable direct voltage.
To manufacture these different structures, we also present an original microtechnology for producing the regulation and transformation electronics, as well as that necessary for controlling the very weak interfaces between the Casimir electrodes and that of the return electrodes!
These vibrations are obtained by controlling automatically and at appropriate instants the action of the attractive Casimir force by a repulsive Coulomb force applied to return electrodes.
The Casimir force appearing between the two electrodes of a reflector deforms a piezoelectric bridge, inducing a displacement of the barycenter of the ionic electric charges of the bridge. This internal piezoelectric field attracts opposing moving charges, from the mass, on either side of the piezoelectric bridge used by the Coulomb force used to generate an opposing Coulomb force.
Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, Nov 1, 2016
El Día médico, Jan 29, 1961
Abstract- This work relates to a novel piezoelectric transformer to be used in an autonomous sens... more Abstract- This work relates to a novel piezoelectric transformer to be used in an autonomous sensor unit, possibly in conjunction with a RF-MEMS retro-modulator. I.
Le dispositif de visualisation (10) pour la mise en oeuvre du procede selon l'invention compo... more Le dispositif de visualisation (10) pour la mise en oeuvre du procede selon l'invention comporte un bras de radioscopie, appele bras en C (11), circulaire qui pivote dans son plan autour de son centre de pivotement (R) et qui porte a une extremite un generateur (12) de rayons X et a son autre extremite un amplificateur de brillance (13) de la zone de traitement. Ce dispositif peut etre independant ou solidaire de l'appareil de traitement. Le bras (11) est decale par rapport au foyer du generateur d'ondes ou de rayons de l'appareil de traitement. Pour obtenir un positionnement precis de ce generateur d'ondes sur l'anomalie a traiter, l'on procede initialement a un reperage par triangulation du point fixe (R) du bras (11), l'on procede ensuite par triangulation au reperage d'un point sensiblement central de cette anomalie, l'on determine par calcul les coordonnees spatiales de ces points, et l'on positionne automatiquement l'appareil de ...
Le dispositif de visualisation (10) pour la mise en oeuvre du procede selon l'invention compo... more Le dispositif de visualisation (10) pour la mise en oeuvre du procede selon l'invention comporte une sonde d'echographie (11), de preference une sonde cylindrique, et deux cameras de prise de vues video (12, 13), dont la premiere (12) est disposee sensiblement perpendiculairement par rapport a un plan de travail (14) qui definit une zone de travail dans laquelle se situe l'anomalie anatomique interne et dont la deuxieme (13) est decalee angulairement par rapport a la premiere. La premiere camera (12) est sensiblement verticale et releve les coordonnees XOY des positions pointees par 90 ° et releve les coordonnees YOZ de ces positions. Ce calibrage permet de determiner les coordonnees spatiales des cameras et ensuite de calculer la position dans l'espace de l'anomalie anatomique a traiter afin d'obtenir un positionnement precis du generateur d'ondes de l'appareil de traitement sur cette anomalie.
Modelisation de transistors et de capacites polysilicium en couches minces sur isolant. Expressio... more Modelisation de transistors et de capacites polysilicium en couches minces sur isolant. Expression de la tension de seuil, du courant de seuil, du courant au-dessus du seuil, du courant en regime sature, de la resistance du film. Conception et realisation d'ecrans plats a matrice active. Mise au point de plusieurs technologies permettant un fonctionnement 109 normes militaires. Mise au point d'une technique permettant l'obtention de transistors polysilicium en deux etapes de photogravure. Cette technologie ameliore considerablement le rendement de fabrication des ecrans plats
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Papers by Patrick Sangouard
This theoretical work corresponds to the hope of extracting an energy present throughout the universe: that of the quantum vacuum. With the energy of the quantum vacuum as the only source, this article shows that it is theoretically possible, without contradicting EMMY NOETHER's theorem: 1/ to maintain a continuous periodic vibration of a piezoelectric bridge embedded at its two ends, 2/ to extract a usable electrical power from it. These vibrations of the sensor part of the proposed MEMS have nothing in common with an impossible macroscopic "perpetual motion" because the energy of the quantum vacuum permanently powers the system.
They are obtained by automatically controlling the deformation of a piezoelectric bridge. This cyclic deformation is created thanks to the Casimir force FCA, omnipresent, permanent and attractive, between two electrodes. This force FCA is controlled by an automatic Coulomb repulsive force FCO which is applied, thanks to the closure of a switch n°1 on a third electrode called Coulomb. The FCO Coulomb’s force derives from the electric charges generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric bridge. The FCO force is in the opposite direction and with a greater intensity than the FCA. The FCO force appears and disappears at predetermined positions z1 and z2, thanks to the very close switching of two switches which automatically switch by the action of the electric charges appearing on the deformed piezoelectric bridge. The resultant of the applied forces, FCO - FCA then straightens the bridge and gives it a kinetic energy, giving it an inertia which will be dissipated by the FCA force. The deformation of the piezoelectric bridge being reduced as well as its electric charges, the switch n°1 opens again, immediately after its closure. Very quickly afterwards, the Coulomb electrode is then brought to ground, thanks to the switching - via an R.L.C circuit - of the switch n°2. The Fco force therefore disappears very quickly after its appearance. The kinetic energy acquired by the structure gives it an inertia which allows it to find or slightly exceed the initial position. The Casimir force, still present, then deforms the structure again. The system starts to vibrate. Each time switch n°2 is closed to ground, a current and voltage peak is generated. These periodic power peaks supply an autonomous electronic circuit (without any power supply) which transforms these signals into a usable DC voltage. In this article we will exclusively present the energy balance of the structure, and we will show that - unless mistaken - this balance is consistent with Miss Emmy Noether's fundamental theorem. For the parts: 1/ Putting into equations the dynamic behavior of the structure 2/ Creation of autonomous electronics for signal shaping 3/ Manufacturing microtechnology [7] [8] [9] See the articles published on Academia at the addresses: https://www.academia.edu/94163820 , https://www.academia.edu /94166557
This article shows that it should be theoretically possible to maintain a continuous periodic vibration of a piezoelectric structure, which generates current peaks during a fraction of the vibration period.
Electronics without any power supply, then transform these alternating current signals into a usable direct voltage.
To manufacture these different structures, we also present an original microtechnology for producing the regulation and transformation electronics, as well as that necessary for controlling the very weak interfaces between the Casimir electrodes and that of the return electrodes!
These vibrations are obtained by controlling automatically and at appropriate instants the action of the attractive Casimir force by a repulsive Coulomb force applied to return electrodes.
The Casimir force appearing between the two electrodes of a reflector deforms a piezoelectric bridge, inducing a displacement of the barycenter of the ionic electric charges of the bridge. This internal piezoelectric field attracts opposing moving charges, from the mass, on either side of the piezoelectric bridge used by the Coulomb force used to generate an opposing Coulomb force.
This article shows that it should be theoretically possible to maintain a continuous periodic vibration of a piezoelectric structure, which generates current peaks during a fraction of the vibration period.
Electronics without any power supply, then transform these alternating current signals into a usable direct voltage.
To manufacture these different structures, we also present an original microtechnology for producing the regulation and transformation electronics, as well as that necessary for controlling the very weak interfaces between the Casimir electrodes and that of the return electrodes!
These vibrations are obtained by controlling automatically and at appropriate instants the action of the attractive Casimir force by a repulsive Coulomb force applied to return electrodes.
The Casimir force appearing between the two electrodes of a reflector deforms a piezoelectric bridge, inducing a displacement of the barycenter of the ionic electric charges of the bridge. This internal piezoelectric field attracts opposing moving charges, from the mass, on either side of the piezoelectric bridge used by the Coulomb force used to generate an opposing Coulomb force.
This theoretical work corresponds to the hope of extracting an energy present throughout the universe: that of the quantum vacuum. With the energy of the quantum vacuum as the only source, this article shows that it is theoretically possible, without contradicting EMMY NOETHER's theorem: 1/ to maintain a continuous periodic vibration of a piezoelectric bridge embedded at its two ends, 2/ to extract a usable electrical power from it. These vibrations of the sensor part of the proposed MEMS have nothing in common with an impossible macroscopic "perpetual motion" because the energy of the quantum vacuum permanently powers the system.
They are obtained by automatically controlling the deformation of a piezoelectric bridge. This cyclic deformation is created thanks to the Casimir force FCA, omnipresent, permanent and attractive, between two electrodes. This force FCA is controlled by an automatic Coulomb repulsive force FCO which is applied, thanks to the closure of a switch n°1 on a third electrode called Coulomb. The FCO Coulomb’s force derives from the electric charges generated by the deformation of the piezoelectric bridge. The FCO force is in the opposite direction and with a greater intensity than the FCA. The FCO force appears and disappears at predetermined positions z1 and z2, thanks to the very close switching of two switches which automatically switch by the action of the electric charges appearing on the deformed piezoelectric bridge. The resultant of the applied forces, FCO - FCA then straightens the bridge and gives it a kinetic energy, giving it an inertia which will be dissipated by the FCA force. The deformation of the piezoelectric bridge being reduced as well as its electric charges, the switch n°1 opens again, immediately after its closure. Very quickly afterwards, the Coulomb electrode is then brought to ground, thanks to the switching - via an R.L.C circuit - of the switch n°2. The Fco force therefore disappears very quickly after its appearance. The kinetic energy acquired by the structure gives it an inertia which allows it to find or slightly exceed the initial position. The Casimir force, still present, then deforms the structure again. The system starts to vibrate. Each time switch n°2 is closed to ground, a current and voltage peak is generated. These periodic power peaks supply an autonomous electronic circuit (without any power supply) which transforms these signals into a usable DC voltage. In this article we will exclusively present the energy balance of the structure, and we will show that - unless mistaken - this balance is consistent with Miss Emmy Noether's fundamental theorem. For the parts: 1/ Putting into equations the dynamic behavior of the structure 2/ Creation of autonomous electronics for signal shaping 3/ Manufacturing microtechnology [7] [8] [9] See the articles published on Academia at the addresses: https://www.academia.edu/94163820 , https://www.academia.edu /94166557
This article shows that it should be theoretically possible to maintain a continuous periodic vibration of a piezoelectric structure, which generates current peaks during a fraction of the vibration period.
Electronics without any power supply, then transform these alternating current signals into a usable direct voltage.
To manufacture these different structures, we also present an original microtechnology for producing the regulation and transformation electronics, as well as that necessary for controlling the very weak interfaces between the Casimir electrodes and that of the return electrodes!
These vibrations are obtained by controlling automatically and at appropriate instants the action of the attractive Casimir force by a repulsive Coulomb force applied to return electrodes.
The Casimir force appearing between the two electrodes of a reflector deforms a piezoelectric bridge, inducing a displacement of the barycenter of the ionic electric charges of the bridge. This internal piezoelectric field attracts opposing moving charges, from the mass, on either side of the piezoelectric bridge used by the Coulomb force used to generate an opposing Coulomb force.
This article shows that it should be theoretically possible to maintain a continuous periodic vibration of a piezoelectric structure, which generates current peaks during a fraction of the vibration period.
Electronics without any power supply, then transform these alternating current signals into a usable direct voltage.
To manufacture these different structures, we also present an original microtechnology for producing the regulation and transformation electronics, as well as that necessary for controlling the very weak interfaces between the Casimir electrodes and that of the return electrodes!
These vibrations are obtained by controlling automatically and at appropriate instants the action of the attractive Casimir force by a repulsive Coulomb force applied to return electrodes.
The Casimir force appearing between the two electrodes of a reflector deforms a piezoelectric bridge, inducing a displacement of the barycenter of the ionic electric charges of the bridge. This internal piezoelectric field attracts opposing moving charges, from the mass, on either side of the piezoelectric bridge used by the Coulomb force used to generate an opposing Coulomb force.