Revista de especialidades médico-quirúrgicas, May 14, 2018
Con el objetivo de generar una nueva cultura de salud que permita a las niñas, niños, padres de f... more Con el objetivo de generar una nueva cultura de salud que permita a las niñas, niños, padres de familia y docentes ser más proactivos en temas de salud, la Delegación Regional Poniente instrumentó el Programa Innovador «ISSSTE en tu Escuela». Este es el primer estudio del Modelo Proactivo de Salud a través de la capacitación de padres de familia y docentes en el tema de resiliencia para favorecer una cultura de la salud que fortalezca el binomio salud-educación e impacte en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio transversal. De enero a julio de 2016 se realizaron talleres de resiliencia en estancias de bienestar y desarrollo infantil (EBDI) del ISSSTE. Se evaluó el nivel de resiliencia obtenido mediante un cuestionario tipo Likert validado. RESULTADOS: Participaron 155 padres de familia y docentes de entre 17 y 74 años de edad, la mayoría de sexo femenino (86.5%). En general, los niveles de resiliencia alcanzados fueron adecuados y favorecen su desarrollo integral. Las correlaciones por EBDI, entre niveles de resiliencia y género, edad, estado civil o número de hijos, fueron mínimas (r < 0.02) y no significativas (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados indican que este modelo permite alcanzar niveles adecuados de resiliencia y favorece que los niños tengan como ejemplos padres y docentes resilientes, que propicie en ellos el desarrollo de conductas resilientes para mantener su salud.
sidered a risk factor for comorbidity in adulthood 13-15. Currently, self-inflicted lesions are f... more sidered a risk factor for comorbidity in adulthood 13-15. Currently, self-inflicted lesions are found within the first three causes of mortality in the 15 to 24-year age group, which represents more than half of total deaths in this group 16 .
sidered a risk factor for comorbidity in adulthood 13-15. Currently, self-inflicted lesions are f... more sidered a risk factor for comorbidity in adulthood 13-15. Currently, self-inflicted lesions are found within the first three causes of mortality in the 15 to 24-year age group, which represents more than half of total deaths in this group 16 .
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of dividing attention during encoding and... more The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of dividing attention during encoding and retrieval in young and older adults, when the memory and secondary tasks are performed in the same modality. The 72 participants performed a visual discrimination secondary task while they classified images (natural-artificial) during encoding, or they recognized them (oldnew) during retrieval. The number of errors in the secondary task was higher in the older adults than in the younger adults. The recognition accuracy of older adults did not vary when attention was divided during encoding and retrieval, while young adults' recognition rates were lower when attention was divided during encoding. The ability to manage attentional resources diminishes during aging.
We investigated neurofunctional changes associated with source memory decline across the adult li... more We investigated neurofunctional changes associated with source memory decline across the adult life span using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Young, middle-aged and old adults carried out a natural/artificial judgment of images of common objects that were randomly presented in one of the quadrants of the screen. At retrieval, the images were displayed at the center of the screen and the participants judged whether each image was new or old and, if old, they indicated in which quadrant of the screen the image had originally been presented. Comparing the items associated with correct versus incorrect source judgments revealed that no regions showed greater activity in young adults than in middle-aged adults; however, in young and middle-aged adults the activity in the left hippocampus and left anterior temporal cortex was of greater magnitude than in the older adults. Several regions also exhibited greater activity in young adults than in old adults. These results suggest that in middle age the recollection neural network, assessable by fMRI, is still preserved.
Source memory, the ability to remember contextual information present at the moment an event occu... more Source memory, the ability to remember contextual information present at the moment an event occurs, declines gradually during normal aging. The present study addressed whether source memory decline is related to changes in neural activity during encoding across age. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in three groups of 14 subjects each: young (21-26 years), middle-aged (50-55 years) and older adults (70-77 years). ERPs were recorded while the subjects performed a natural/artificial judgment on images of common objects that were presented randomly in one of the quadrants of the screen (encoding phase). At retrieval, old images mixed with new ones were presented at the center of the screen and the subjects judged whether each image was new or old and, if old, were asked to indicate at which position of the screen the image was presented in the encoding session. The neurophysiological activity recorded during encoding was segregated for the study items according to whether their context was correctly retrieved or not, so as to search for subsequent memory effects (SME). These effects, which consisted of larger amplitude for items subsequently attracting a correct source judgment than an incorrect one, were observed in the three groups, but their onset was delayed across the age groups. The amplitude of the SME was similar across age groups at the frontal and central electrode sites, but was manifested more at the posterior sites in middle-aged and older adults, suggesting that source memory decline may be related to less efficient encoding mechanisms.
h i g h l i g h t s • We examine positive and negative subsequent source memory effects across th... more h i g h l i g h t s • We examine positive and negative subsequent source memory effects across the lifespan. • We identified brain activity changes that occur in middle age during source encoding. • Medial orbitofrontal gyrus during source encoding was under-recruited by middle age. • Occipital superior gyrus during source encoding was over-recruited by middle age.
Fronto-central N400 old/new effect Left parietal old/new effect Right frontal old/new effect Cent... more Fronto-central N400 old/new effect Left parietal old/new effect Right frontal old/new effect Centro-parietal old/new effect Middle-age Aging a b s t r a c t Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in young (21-27 years old), middle-aged (50-57 years old) and older adults (70-77 years old) to determine whether the decline in source memory that occurs with advancing age coincides with contemporaneous neurophysiological changes. Source memory for the spatial location (quadrant on the screen) of images presented during encoding was examined. The images were shown in the center of the screen during the retrieval task. Retrieval success for source information was characterized by different scalp topographies at frontal electrode sites in young adults relative to middle-aged and older adults. The right frontal effect during unsuccessful retrieval attempts showed amplitude and latency differences across age groups and was related to the ability to discriminate between old and new images only in young adults. These results suggest that the neural correlates of the retrieval success and attempt were affected by age and these effects were present by middle-age.
La promoción de la salud se realiza en servicios preventivos de unidades médicas, en programas ed... more La promoción de la salud se realiza en servicios preventivos de unidades médicas, en programas educativos y libros de texto desde la perspectiva general de la población. Objetivo: Determinar características basales de educación en salud a preescolares, sus padres y maestros, mediante médicos especialistas. Método: Estudio transversal de un programa educativo para preescolares en estancias infantiles. Se evaluaron habilidades para la vida y competencias para la salud. Resultados: Los preescolares desarrollaron resiliencia (84.12%), empatía (92.23%), comunicación asertiva (93.5%), relaciones interpersonales (91.0%), toma correcta de decisiones correctas (92.56%), solución de problemas (81.05%), pensamiento creativo (98%), pensamiento crítico (86.08%), manejo de emociones (80.76%), activación física (97.94%), autoconocimiento (98.96%), hábitos higiénicos (94.90%) y corresponsabilidad (86.25%); al 95.59% les agradó el taller y el 95.75% eligió la opción correcta en los problemas descritos. El 63.04% de los padres generaron cambios en sus hábitos y en los de sus hijos. Conclusión: El programa educativo implementado puede favorecer el empoderamiento en salud desde la infancia.
Revista de especialidades médico-quirúrgicas, May 14, 2018
Con el objetivo de generar una nueva cultura de salud que permita a las niñas, niños, padres de f... more Con el objetivo de generar una nueva cultura de salud que permita a las niñas, niños, padres de familia y docentes ser más proactivos en temas de salud, la Delegación Regional Poniente instrumentó el Programa Innovador «ISSSTE en tu Escuela». Este es el primer estudio del Modelo Proactivo de Salud a través de la capacitación de padres de familia y docentes en el tema de resiliencia para favorecer una cultura de la salud que fortalezca el binomio salud-educación e impacte en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio transversal. De enero a julio de 2016 se realizaron talleres de resiliencia en estancias de bienestar y desarrollo infantil (EBDI) del ISSSTE. Se evaluó el nivel de resiliencia obtenido mediante un cuestionario tipo Likert validado. RESULTADOS: Participaron 155 padres de familia y docentes de entre 17 y 74 años de edad, la mayoría de sexo femenino (86.5%). En general, los niveles de resiliencia alcanzados fueron adecuados y favorecen su desarrollo integral. Las correlaciones por EBDI, entre niveles de resiliencia y género, edad, estado civil o número de hijos, fueron mínimas (r < 0.02) y no significativas (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados indican que este modelo permite alcanzar niveles adecuados de resiliencia y favorece que los niños tengan como ejemplos padres y docentes resilientes, que propicie en ellos el desarrollo de conductas resilientes para mantener su salud.
sidered a risk factor for comorbidity in adulthood 13-15. Currently, self-inflicted lesions are f... more sidered a risk factor for comorbidity in adulthood 13-15. Currently, self-inflicted lesions are found within the first three causes of mortality in the 15 to 24-year age group, which represents more than half of total deaths in this group 16 .
sidered a risk factor for comorbidity in adulthood 13-15. Currently, self-inflicted lesions are f... more sidered a risk factor for comorbidity in adulthood 13-15. Currently, self-inflicted lesions are found within the first three causes of mortality in the 15 to 24-year age group, which represents more than half of total deaths in this group 16 .
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of dividing attention during encoding and... more The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of dividing attention during encoding and retrieval in young and older adults, when the memory and secondary tasks are performed in the same modality. The 72 participants performed a visual discrimination secondary task while they classified images (natural-artificial) during encoding, or they recognized them (oldnew) during retrieval. The number of errors in the secondary task was higher in the older adults than in the younger adults. The recognition accuracy of older adults did not vary when attention was divided during encoding and retrieval, while young adults' recognition rates were lower when attention was divided during encoding. The ability to manage attentional resources diminishes during aging.
We investigated neurofunctional changes associated with source memory decline across the adult li... more We investigated neurofunctional changes associated with source memory decline across the adult life span using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Young, middle-aged and old adults carried out a natural/artificial judgment of images of common objects that were randomly presented in one of the quadrants of the screen. At retrieval, the images were displayed at the center of the screen and the participants judged whether each image was new or old and, if old, they indicated in which quadrant of the screen the image had originally been presented. Comparing the items associated with correct versus incorrect source judgments revealed that no regions showed greater activity in young adults than in middle-aged adults; however, in young and middle-aged adults the activity in the left hippocampus and left anterior temporal cortex was of greater magnitude than in the older adults. Several regions also exhibited greater activity in young adults than in old adults. These results suggest that in middle age the recollection neural network, assessable by fMRI, is still preserved.
Source memory, the ability to remember contextual information present at the moment an event occu... more Source memory, the ability to remember contextual information present at the moment an event occurs, declines gradually during normal aging. The present study addressed whether source memory decline is related to changes in neural activity during encoding across age. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in three groups of 14 subjects each: young (21-26 years), middle-aged (50-55 years) and older adults (70-77 years). ERPs were recorded while the subjects performed a natural/artificial judgment on images of common objects that were presented randomly in one of the quadrants of the screen (encoding phase). At retrieval, old images mixed with new ones were presented at the center of the screen and the subjects judged whether each image was new or old and, if old, were asked to indicate at which position of the screen the image was presented in the encoding session. The neurophysiological activity recorded during encoding was segregated for the study items according to whether their context was correctly retrieved or not, so as to search for subsequent memory effects (SME). These effects, which consisted of larger amplitude for items subsequently attracting a correct source judgment than an incorrect one, were observed in the three groups, but their onset was delayed across the age groups. The amplitude of the SME was similar across age groups at the frontal and central electrode sites, but was manifested more at the posterior sites in middle-aged and older adults, suggesting that source memory decline may be related to less efficient encoding mechanisms.
h i g h l i g h t s • We examine positive and negative subsequent source memory effects across th... more h i g h l i g h t s • We examine positive and negative subsequent source memory effects across the lifespan. • We identified brain activity changes that occur in middle age during source encoding. • Medial orbitofrontal gyrus during source encoding was under-recruited by middle age. • Occipital superior gyrus during source encoding was over-recruited by middle age.
Fronto-central N400 old/new effect Left parietal old/new effect Right frontal old/new effect Cent... more Fronto-central N400 old/new effect Left parietal old/new effect Right frontal old/new effect Centro-parietal old/new effect Middle-age Aging a b s t r a c t Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in young (21-27 years old), middle-aged (50-57 years old) and older adults (70-77 years old) to determine whether the decline in source memory that occurs with advancing age coincides with contemporaneous neurophysiological changes. Source memory for the spatial location (quadrant on the screen) of images presented during encoding was examined. The images were shown in the center of the screen during the retrieval task. Retrieval success for source information was characterized by different scalp topographies at frontal electrode sites in young adults relative to middle-aged and older adults. The right frontal effect during unsuccessful retrieval attempts showed amplitude and latency differences across age groups and was related to the ability to discriminate between old and new images only in young adults. These results suggest that the neural correlates of the retrieval success and attempt were affected by age and these effects were present by middle-age.
La promoción de la salud se realiza en servicios preventivos de unidades médicas, en programas ed... more La promoción de la salud se realiza en servicios preventivos de unidades médicas, en programas educativos y libros de texto desde la perspectiva general de la población. Objetivo: Determinar características basales de educación en salud a preescolares, sus padres y maestros, mediante médicos especialistas. Método: Estudio transversal de un programa educativo para preescolares en estancias infantiles. Se evaluaron habilidades para la vida y competencias para la salud. Resultados: Los preescolares desarrollaron resiliencia (84.12%), empatía (92.23%), comunicación asertiva (93.5%), relaciones interpersonales (91.0%), toma correcta de decisiones correctas (92.56%), solución de problemas (81.05%), pensamiento creativo (98%), pensamiento crítico (86.08%), manejo de emociones (80.76%), activación física (97.94%), autoconocimiento (98.96%), hábitos higiénicos (94.90%) y corresponsabilidad (86.25%); al 95.59% les agradó el taller y el 95.75% eligió la opción correcta en los problemas descritos. El 63.04% de los padres generaron cambios en sus hábitos y en los de sus hijos. Conclusión: El programa educativo implementado puede favorecer el empoderamiento en salud desde la infancia.
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