Papers by Patricia Saleeby
Disability and Rehabilitation
Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 2000
The World Health Organization is revising the International Classification of Impairments, Disabi... more The World Health Organization is revising the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH). As part of the revision process, 51 individuals in the United States completed a survey. The respondents included people with and without disabilities and rehabilitation-related professionals. This article reports areas of agreement and disagreement on several changes proposed for the ICIDH-2. Results indicate agreement for the need to classify activities rather than disabilities, to replace "handicap" with "participation restriction," and to include environmental factors in the classification. Policy implications include tracking the influence of policy changes on the activities performed and on participation in major life activities by people classified as impaired in motor or mental capacity. Including the classification of environmental factors could encourage a confluence of the social and biological models of disability that would ...
… Capabilities examining Nussbaum's Capabilities …, 2002
... Applying the Capabilities Approach in Examining Disability, Poverty, and Gender Patricia Welc... more ... Applying the Capabilities Approach in Examining Disability, Poverty, and Gender Patricia Welch* George Warren Brown School of Social Work Washington University [email protected]. edu ... using a single framework namely, a capabilities approach. Although the effects ...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) was approved in 2001 ... more The International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) was approved in 2001 and, since then, several studies reported the increased interest about its use in different sectors. A recent overview that summarizes its applications is lacking. This study aims to provide an updated overview about 20 years of ICF application through an international online questionnaire, developed by the byline authors, and sent to each World Health Organization Collaborating Centers of the Family of International Classifications (WHO-FIC CCs). Data was collected during October 2020 and December 2021 and descriptive content analyses were used to report main results. Results show how, in most of the respondent countries represented by WHO-FIC CCs, ICF was mainly used in clinical practice, policy development and social policy, and in education areas. Despite its applications in different sectors, ICF use is not mandatory in most countries but, where used, it provides a biopsychosocial f...
Policy and Program Planning for Older Adults and People With Disabilities, 2018
The Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal, 2016
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a useful fr... more The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a useful framework and classification to better situate disability, health, and functioning. The ICF recognizes disability and functioning as the dynamic individual and environment interaction, promoting a more realistic perspective. This article describes the ICF, its utility, and its strengths/weaknesses.
SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, 2020
The COVID-19 pandemic provides the opportunity to re-think health policies and health systems app... more The COVID-19 pandemic provides the opportunity to re-think health policies and health systems approaches by the adoption of a biopsychosocial perspective, thus acting on environmental factors so as to increase facilitators and diminish barriers. Specifically, vulnerable people should not face discrimination because of their vulnerability in the allocation of care or life-sustaining treatments. Adoption of biopsychosocial model helps to identify key elements where to act to diminish effects of the pandemics. The pandemic showed us that barriers in health care organization affect mostly those that are vulnerable and can suffer discrimination not because of severity of diseases but just because of their vulnerability, be this age or disability and this can be avoided by biopsychosocial planning in health and social policies. It is possible to avoid the banality of evil, intended as lack of thinking on what we do when we do, by using the emergence of the emergency of COVID-19 as a Troja...
Social Work in Public Health, 2016
Women with disabilities experience significant disparities in accessing breast health services. M... more Women with disabilities experience significant disparities in accessing breast health services. Many studies have focused on barriers, but few have explored facilitators to improving breast health services. This study used a participatory-research approach involving women with physical, mobility, sensory, and developmental disabilities to explore facilitators and barriers affecting the access and quality of breast health services. Findings confirmed commonly cited barriers including attitudinal, environmental, financial, and structural issues but also identified multiple facilitators such as enhancing accessibility of breast health facilities and equipment, improving information sources, and increasing training of health professionals. Findings from this study can be used in improving breast health services among women with disabilities by targeting not only the removal of barriers but also the increase in proven facilitators.
ABSTRACT Background and Purpose: This study examines factors that promote or hinder African Ameri... more ABSTRACT Background and Purpose: This study examines factors that promote or hinder African American female caregivers in obtaining breast cancer preventative screenings, including mammograms, clinical examinations, and breast self-examinations. Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring type of cancer for women in the United States. Although African American women have a lower incidence of breast cancer compared to White women, they have a higher mortality rate. Several commonly cited factors contributing to this breast health disparity include less access to breast health screenings, lack of health insurance, and lack of information/understanding about breast cancer among African American women. Although physical and emotional burden associated with caregiving has been studied extensively, the effects on breast health behavior among female caregivers have not been examined. Since negative consequences such as financial challenges are particularly pronounced among African American female caregivers, it is likely that breast health behavior will be impacted by the strain of caregiving. Method: Data was analyzed from the Black Rural and Urban Caregivers Mental Health and Functioning Study, a cross-sectional study of 521 African American female caregivers from mid-western urban and rural communities age 65 years and older. Separate logistic regression models were conducted for mammograms, clinical examinations, and self-examinations to assess the relative influence of variables on caregivers' breast health behavior. Results: Care recipients' cancer diagnosis (OR=0.45), having a regular doctor checkup (OR=13.07), and living in rural areas (OR=0.57) significantly predict caregivers' mammography attainment. Having more than a high school degree (OR=2.08) and a regular doctor checkup (OR=27.21) are significantly associated with greater likelihood of receiving a clinical examination. Perceived strain (OR=1.04), social support (OR=0.55), and living in rural areas (OR=1.77) significantly predict performing self-examination. Conclusions and Implications: This study offers baseline knowledge on African American female caregivers' breast health behavior. Results imply that increasing accessibility of regular doctor checkups will contribute to raising the completion rates of mammograms and clinical examinations. Targeting African American caregivers who do not receive a regular doctor checkup and informing them of the importance of receiving a breast cancer screening is crucial. Findings also indicate that rural caregivers are less likely to obtain a mammogram and more likely to depend on a self-examination. Having resources available, encouraging caregivers to get a mammogram and clinical examination, and directing public education toward caregivers are important points of intervention.
International Journal on Disability and Human Development, 2016
Released in 2001 by the World Health Organization (WHO) and endorsed by the United Nations for in... more Released in 2001 by the World Health Organization (WHO) and endorsed by the United Nations for international use, the ICF, or International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health is considered a health-related classification and standardized framework for describing health [1]. The conceptual foundation for the ICF has changed dramatically from the original version published in 1980 called the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps or ICIDH [2]. Rather than the causal linear relationships between components as reflected in its predecessor, the ICF has shifted to a “dynamic interactive framework, wherein all components are related and influence one another” [3]. The ICF was developed and tested in over 50 countries to ensure compatibility across diverse populations, and it has been translated into multiple languages including Chinese, French, German, Russian, and Spanish. It is designed for multiple uses across disciplines and settings (clinical and non-clinical in nature). Purposes for ICF usage include clinical research and practice, education, social policy, and statistical data collection. Interestingly, the ICF is a language and classification for not only health professionals, but also patients and their family members. Trends such as the shift from hospital-based acute care to community-based long-term services for persons with chronic conditions and the increase in demand for disability benefits underscore the need for valid, reliable statistics on disability and functioning in various clinical settings. The ICF provides a mechanism to collect such disability data at national and international levels. Furthermore, determining health care needs and the effectiveness of health care systems require reliable and comparable data on the health status of persons. The ICF “makes it possible to link together these data across conditions and interventions, eliminating the frustrating data silo effect, and making for more efficient, transparent, and cost-effective healthcare” [4]. As the complementary classification to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems or ICD-10 [5], which classifies diseases, disorders, injuries, the ICF describes functioning and disability associated with health conditions. Therefore, the ICF can be used together with the ICD-10 to provide a more meaningful depiction of the lived experience of persons with various health conditions. Mortality information can be secured from the ICD-10 but a richness of health data (such as functional health status and health outcomes) can be obtained from the ICF.
A short overview of the developmental process and the goals for the mICF platform, using big data... more A short overview of the developmental process and the goals for the mICF platform, using big data analytics based on patient-driven data.
Universal health coverage, promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO) aims at re-engineering... more Universal health coverage, promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO) aims at re-engineering primary health care with emphasis on community-based, person-centered care. Mobile phone based applications are increasingly used in both developed and developing countries to collect health information and facilitate decision-making, however, no app is capturing functional data. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), an information structure and common language across professionals, can be used to describe the lived experience of a person's real life situation. An international collaborative of the Functioning and Disability Reference Group of the WHO's Family of International Classifications Network was established to investigate the development for a mobile application for the ICF (mlCF). A global online survey for social and health care specialists was conducted June-December 2014 in 40 countries to assess needs requirements to develop ...
Background and Purpose: This study examines factors that promote or hinder African American femal... more Background and Purpose: This study examines factors that promote or hinder African American female caregivers in obtaining breast cancer preventative screenings, including mammograms, clinical examinations, and breast self-examinations. Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring type of cancer for women in the United States. Although African American women have a lower incidence of breast cancer compared to White women, they have a higher mortality rate. Several commonly cited factors contributing to this breast health disparity include less access to breast health screenings, lack of health insurance, and lack of information/understanding about breast cancer among African American women. Although physical and emotional burden associated with caregiving has been studied extensively, the effects on breast health behavior among female caregivers have not been examined. Since negative consequences such as financial challenges are particularly pronounced among African American femal...
This poster describes the Functioning and Disability Reference Group (FDRG) activities in conduct... more This poster describes the Functioning and Disability Reference Group (FDRG) activities in conducting a detailed literature review and internet search to inform the overall mobile ICF development project.
Towards Fundamental Entitlements
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Papers by Patricia Saleeby