Papers by Panan Suntornsaratoon
Physiological Reports, 2021
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane proteases (TMPRSS) are multifunctional p... more Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane proteases (TMPRSS) are multifunctional proteins required for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or for amino acid (AA) transport, and are abundantly expressed in mammalian small intestine, but the identity of the intestinal cell type(s) and sites of expression are unclear. Here we determined expression of SARS‐CoV‐2 entry factors in different cell types and then compared it to that of representative AA, electrolyte, and mineral transporters. We tested the hypothesis that SARS‐CoV‐2, AA, electrolyte, and mineral transporters are expressed heterogeneously in different intestinal cell types by making mouse enteroids enriched in enterocytes (ENT), goblet (GOB), Paneth (PAN), or stem (ISC) cells. Interestingly, the expression of ACE2 was apical and modestly greater in ENT, the same pattern observed for its associated AA transporters B0AT1 and SIT1. TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 were more highly expressed in crypt‐residing ISC. Expression of electrolyte transporters was dramatically heterogeneous. DRA, NBCe1, and NHE3 were greatest in ENT, while those of CFTR and NKCC1 that play important roles in secretory diarrhea, were mainly expressed in ISC and PAN that also displayed immunohistochemically abundant basolateral NKCC1. Intestinal iron transporters were generally expressed higher in ENT and GOB, while calcium transporters were expressed mainly in PAN. Heterogeneous expression of its entry factors suggests that the ability of SARS‐CoV‐2 to infect the intestine may vary with cell type. Parallel cell‐type expression patterns of ACE2 with B0AT1 and SIT1 provides further evidence of ACE2's multifunctional properties and importance in AA absorption.
Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 2021
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
European Journal of Nutrition, 2018
Purpose Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption results in gut dysbiosis, systemic inflammation, ... more Purpose Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption results in gut dysbiosis, systemic inflammation, obese-insulin resistance, and osteoporosis of the jawbones. The probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics alleviated gut dysbiosis and the metabolic disturbance in HFD-induced obesity. However, the effects on jawbone properties have not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei HII01, prebiotic xylooligosaccharide (XOS), and synbiotics on the jawbone properties along with metabolic parameters, gut and systemic inflammation in HFD-fed rats. Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats were fed with either a HFD or normal diet for 12 weeks. Rats in each group were subdivided into four subgroups to be treated with either vehicle, probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics for the additional 12 weeks. Blood samples, gut, bone marrows, and jawbones were collected to determine metabolic parameters, inflammation, and bone properties. Results The HFD-fed rats developed obese-insulin resistance, as indicated by increased body weight, dyslipidemia and decreased insulin sensitivity. Serum lipopolysaccharide levels and interleukin-6 mRNA expression in the ileum and bone marrows were elevated. Altered bone metabolism and the impaired jawbone properties were evident as indicated by decreased bone mineral density with increased trabecular separation. Reduced ultimate load and stiffness were observed in HFD-fed rats. Treatments with probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics in HFD-fed rats improved metabolic parameters and reduced inflammation. However, no alterations in jawbone properties were found in all treatments. Conclusion The osteoporosis of the jawbone occurred in obese-insulin resistance, and treatments with probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics were not sufficient to improve the jawbone properties.
European Journal of Nutrition, 2019
Purpose The chronic consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) induces obese-insulin resistance and imp... more Purpose The chronic consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) induces obese-insulin resistance and impairs jawbone health via gut dysbiosis-stimulated inflammatory process. Our previous studies demonstrated that the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei HII01, prebiotic xylooligosaccharide (XOS), and synbiotics improved several vital organ functions by reducing gut dysbiosis in HFD-induced obese rats. However, the impacts on the cellular level of jawbone microarchitecture have not been examined. Here, we hypothesized that the supplementation of L. paracasei HII01, XOS, and synbiotics ameliorated the bone microarchitectural pathology in HFD-fed rats by reducing systemic inflammation and other metabolic parameters. Methods The dietary regimes (normal or high-fat diet) were provided to 48 male Wistar rats throughout 24-week experiment. After week 12, rats were given either a vehicle, pro-, pre-, or synbiotic for an additional 12 weeks before being killed. Then, blood analyses and bone histomorphometry of the jawbones were performed. Results The HFD-fed rats developed obese-insulin resistance with significantly elevated systemic inflammation. Bone histomorphometry of these rats showed a decrease in trabecular thickness with increased osteoclasts and active erosion surfaces. Mineral apposition and bone-formation rates were also remarkably diminished. The treatment with pro-, pre-, and synbiotics equally improved metabolic disturbance, reduced systemic inflammation, increased trabecular thickness, decreased osteoclasts and active erosion surfaces and restored mineral apposition and bone-formation rates. Conclusion The probiotic L. paracasei HII01, prebiotic XOS, and the synbiotics had similarly beneficial effects to improve jawbone microarchitecture in HFD-fed rats by possibly ameliorating osteoclast-related bone resorption and potentiating bone-formation activities.
Materials Letters, 2018
In this study, composite scaffolds consisting of mineral ion-loaded hydroxyapatite derived from f... more In this study, composite scaffolds consisting of mineral ion-loaded hydroxyapatite derived from fish scale (mHAFS) in a poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/chitosan (Chi) matrix (mHAFS@PLAChi) were fabricated by an in situ blending technique. Mineral ion loaded HAFS was successfully converted into mHAFS via the hydrothermal heating of HAFS in a SBF (simulated body fluid) solution. The composite mHAFS with PLAChi showed a compressive strength of 20 MPa and a compressive modulus of 539.88 MPa with a microporous structure. In vitro investigation showed that the UMR-106 cells adhered well and proliferated on the mHAFS@PLAChi surface. Most importantly it improved the cell viability and alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity. These findings suggest that these synthesized materials have great potential for use in bone tissue engineering.
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), Jan 20, 2018
The beneficial effects of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics on obesity with insulin resistance have been... more The beneficial effects of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics on obesity with insulin resistance have been reported previously. However, the strain-specific effect of probiotics and the combination with various types of prebiotic fiber yield controversial outcomes and limit clinical applications. Our previous study demonstrated that the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei (L. paracasei) HII01, prebiotic xylooligosaccharide (XOS), and synbiotics share similar efficacy in attenuating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in obese-insulin resistant rats. Nonetheless, the roles of HII01 and XOS on gut dysbiosis and gut inflammation under obese-insulin resistant conditions have not yet, to our knowledge, been investigated. Our hypothesis was that pro-, pre-, and synbiotics improve the metabolic parameters in obese-insulin resistant rats by reducing gut dysbiosis and gut inflammation. Male Wistar rats were fed with either a normal or high-fat diet that contained 19.77% and 59.28% energy from fat, respec...
Neuroscience Letters, 2017
Hyperglycemia induced the Alzheimer's proteins and promoted loss of synaptic proteins in advanced... more Hyperglycemia induced the Alzheimer's proteins and promoted loss of synaptic proteins in advanced-age female Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, Neuroscience Lettershttp://dx.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2017
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding leads to bone calcium loss for milk production, resulting in progressive... more BACKGROUND Breastfeeding leads to bone calcium loss for milk production, resulting in progressive maternal osteopenia. Calcium supplement from natural sources has been postulated to be more beneficial to bone health than purified CaCO3 because natural sources also contain other nutrients such as certain amino acids that might enhance calcium metabolism. Herein, we examined the effect of calcium supplementation from tuna bone powder and CaCO3 on bones of dams and the offspring. RESULTS Both forms of calcium supplement, i.e., tuna bone powder and CaCO3, increased maternal BMD. However, bone histomorphometry revealed that only tuna bone had beneficial effect on maternal bone microstructure, i.e., increased bone formation, decreased bone resorption and increased in bone volume. Regarding the mechanical properties, the decreased ultimate load in non-supplement lactating mothers was restored to the load seen in nulliparous by calcium supplementation. Moreover, both tuna bone and CaCO3 supplementation in mothers led to increased milk calcium concentration and consequently increased BMD in the growing offspring. CONCLUSION Calcium supplement from tuna bone powder was effective in preventing maternal osteopenia. Tuna bone, which is a readily available fishing industrial waste, is a good alternative source of calcium supplement that increases BMD in both lactating mothers and the neonates.
Bioscience Reports, 2017
Both Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and estrogen deprivation have been shown to be associated wi... more Both Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and estrogen deprivation have been shown to be associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and adverse cardiac remodeling. However, the role of estrogen deprivation on adverse cardiac remodeling in nonobese T2DM rats has not been clearly elucidated. We hypothesized that estrogen-deprivation aggravates adverse cardiac remodeling in Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rats. Wild-type (WT) and GK rats at the age of 9 months old were divided into two subgroups to have either a sham operation (WTS, GKS) or a bilateral ovariectomy (WTO, GKO) (n = 6/subgroup). Four months after the operation, the rats were killed, and the heart was excised rapidly. Metabolic parameters, cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and biochemical parameters were determined. GK rats had hyperglycemia with hypoinsulinemia, and estrogen deprivation did not increase the severity of T2DM. Cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac oxidative stress, and phosphor-antinuclear factor κB were hi...
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2016
Recent investigation has shown that the liverderived iron-regulating hormone, hepcidin, can poten... more Recent investigation has shown that the liverderived iron-regulating hormone, hepcidin, can potentiate intestinal calcium absorption in hemizygous b-globin knockout thalassemic (BKO) mice. Since the upregulation of Fe 2? and H ? cotransporter, divalent metal transporter (DMT)-1, has been shown to correlate with thalassemia-induced intestinal calcium absorption impairment, the inhibition of the apical Na ? /H ? exchanger (NHE)-3 that is essential for cytoplasmic pH regulation and transepithelial sodium absorption was hypothesized to negatively affect hepcidin action. Herein, the positive effect of hepcidin on the duodenal calcium transport was evaluated using Ussing chamber technique. The results showed that BKO mice had lower absorptive surface area and duodenal calcium transport than wild-type mice. Besides, paracellular transport of zinc in BKO mice was compromised. Hepcidin administration completely restored calcium transport. Since this hepcidin action was totally abolished by inhibitors of the basolateral calcium transporters, Na ? /Ca 2? exchanger (NCX1) and plasma membrane Ca 2?-ATPase (PMCA 1b), the enhanced calcium flux potentially occurred through the transcellular pathway rather than paracellular pathway. Interestingly, the selective NHE3 inhibitor, 100 nM tenapanor, markedly inhibited hepcidin-enhanced calcium transport. Accordingly, hepcidin is one of the promising therapeutic agents for calcium malabsorption in bthalassemia. It mainly stimulates the transcellular calcium transport across the duodenal epithelium in an NHE3-dependent manner.
Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2017
Composite materials having mechanical and biological properties similar to those of human bones a... more Composite materials having mechanical and biological properties similar to those of human bones are needed for bone regeneration and repair. In the present study, composites were made by incorporating bioactive glass (BG) into polycaprolactone (PCL)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (PCLPVA) matrix. Composites with different BG contents of 10, 25 and 50 wt% were fabricated by an in-situ blending method. Physicochemical properties measurements found that the composite with 50 wt% BG in the PCLPVA organic matrix exhibited the best mechanical properties (compressive strength and compressive young's modulus up to 32.26 MPa and 530.91 MPa, respectively). We investigated the effects of the BG content on cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic activity of UMR-106 cells grown on the scaffolds using in vitro cell culture assay. The composite scaffolds having 25wt% BG showed a significant increase in their cell adhesion capability and a faster cell proliferation. They also exhibited cell adhesion and spreading morphology after only 5 days of culturing. For these reasons, we chose to attach the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 to this composite. The resulting composite (labeled BMP-2-loaded PCLPVABG25) showed significant improvement in the UMR-106 cells adhesion, in the enhancement in osteogenic differentiation and osteoinductivity of this composite.
Amino Acids, 2016
of both amino acids themselves. In conclusion, glucose and certain amino acids in the mucosal sid... more of both amino acids themselves. In conclusion, glucose and certain amino acids in the mucosal side were potent stimulators of the duodenal calcium absorption, but only aminoacid-enhanced calcium transport was NHE3-dependent.
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2016
Previously, β-thalassemia, an inherited anemic disorder with iron overload caused by loss-of-func... more Previously, β-thalassemia, an inherited anemic disorder with iron overload caused by loss-of-function mutation of β-globin gene, has been reported to induce osteopenia and impaired whole body calcium metabolism, but the pathogenesis of aberrant calcium homeostasis remains elusive. Herein, we investigated how β-thalassemia impaired intestinal calcium absorption and whether it could be restored by administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3] or hepcidin, the latter of which was the liver-derived antagonist of intestinal iron absorption. The results showed that, in hemizygous β-globin knockout (BKO) mice, the duodenal calcium transport was lower than that in wild-type littermates, and severity was especially pronounced in female mice. Both active and passive duodenal calcium fluxes in BKO mice were found to be less than those in normal mice. This impaired calcium transport could be restored by 7-day 1,25(OH)2D3treatment. The 1,25(OH)2D3-induced calcium transport was diminish...
Journal of bone and mineral metabolism, Jan 29, 2016
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 is a potent endocrine factor that improves insulin resistance a... more Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 is a potent endocrine factor that improves insulin resistance and obesity-associated metabolic disorders. However, concomitant activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ by FGF-21 makes bone susceptible to osteopenia and fragility fracture. Since an increase in body weight often induced adaptive change in bone by making it resistant to fracture, it was unclear whether FGF-21 would still induce bone defects in overweight rats. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate bone microstructure and its mechanical properties in high fat diet (HF)-fed rats treated with 0.1 mg/kg/day FGF-21. Eighteen male rats were divided into two groups to receive either a normal diet or HF for 12 weeks. HF rats were then divided into two subgroups to receive either vehicle or FGF-21 for 4 weeks. The results showed that HF led to obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, as indicated by hyperinsulinemia with euglycemia. In HF rats, there was an in...
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 2016
In the present study, scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications were made by immersing t... more In the present study, scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications were made by immersing the inorganic phases of three different calcium phosphate (CaPs) (hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP)) mixing bioactive glass (15Ca:80Si:5P) (BG) with polycaprolactone (PCL) as a binder in an organic phase of chitosan/collagen (ChiCol) matrix (CaPBG@ChiCol). Porous scaffolds were obtained by freeze drying the combinations. The mechanical properties and in vitro growth of rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells were investigated. The investigation indicated that the compressive strength was controlled by the types of CaP. The highest compressive modulus of the composites was 479.77 MPa (23.84 MPa for compressive strength) which is for the BCPBG@ChiCol composite. Compressive modulus of 459.01 and 435.95 MPa with compressive strength of 22.73 and 17.89 MPa were observed for the HABG@ChiCol and TCPBG@ChiCol composites, respectively. In vitro cell availability and proliferation tests confirmed the osteoblast attachment and growth on the CaPBG@ChiCol surface. Comparing the scaffolds, cells grown on the BCPBG based composite showed the higher cell density. To test its bioactivity, BCPBG@ChiCol was chosen for MTT and ALP assays on UMR-106 cells. The results indicated that the UMR-106 cells were viable and had higher ALP activity as the culturing times were increased. Therefore, ChiColfabricated BCPBG scaffold shows promise for bone regeneration. V
Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2016
The present paper studies the physico-chemical, bioactivity and biological properties of hydroxya... more The present paper studies the physico-chemical, bioactivity and biological properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) which is derived from fish scale (FS) (FSHA) and compares them with those of synthesized HA (sHA) obtained by co-precipitation from chemical solution as a standard. The analysis shows that the FSHA is composed of flat-plate nanocrystal with a narrow width size of about 15-20 nm and having a range of 100 nm in length and that the calcium phosphate ratio (Ca/P) is 2.01 (Ca-rich CaP). Whereas, synthesized HA consists of sub-micron HA particle having a Ca/P ratio of 1.65. Bioactivity test shows that the FSHA forms more new apatite than does the sHA after being incubated in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. Moreover, the biocompatibility study shows a higher osteoblast like cell adhesion on the FSHA surface than on the sHA substrate after 3 days of culturing. Our results also show the shape of the osteoblast cells on the FSHA changes from being a rounded shape to being a flattened shape reflecting its spreading behavior on this surface. MTT assay and ALP analysis show significant increases in the proliferation and activity of osteoblasts over the FSHA scaffold after 5 days of culturing as compared to those covering the sHA substrates. These results confirm that the bio-materials derived from fish scale (FSHA) are biologically better than the chemically synthesized HA and have the potential for use as a bone scaffold or as regenerative materials.
Journal of Endocrinology, 2015
The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that testosterone deprivation impairs osteoblastic... more The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that testosterone deprivation impairs osteoblastic insulin signaling, decreases osteoblast survival, reduces bone density, and that obesity aggravates those deleterious effects in testosterone-deprived rats. Twenty four male Wistar rats underwent either a bilateral orchiectomy (O,n=12) or a sham operation (S,n=12). Then the rats in each group were further divided into two subgroups fed with either a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HF) for 12 weeks. At the end of the protocol, blood samples were collected to determine metabolic parameters and osteocalcin ratios. The tibiae were collected to determine bone mass using microcomputed tomography and for osteoblast isolation. The results showed that rats fed with HF (sham-operated HF-fed rats (HFS) and ORX HF-fed rats (HFO)) developed peripheral insulin resistance and had decreased trabecular bone density. In ND-fed rats, only the ORX ND-fed rats (NDO) group had decreased trabecular bone ...
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2015
β-Thalassemia, a hereditary anemic disorder, is often associated with skeletal complications that... more β-Thalassemia, a hereditary anemic disorder, is often associated with skeletal complications that can be found in both males and females. The present study aimed to investigate the age- and sex-dependent changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular microstructure in βIVSII-654knockin thalassemic mice. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computer-assisted bone histomorphometry were employed to investigate temporal changes in BMD and histomorphometric parameters in male and female mice of a βIVSII-654knockin mouse model of human β-thalassemia, in which impaired splicing of β-globin transcript was caused by hemizygous C→T mutation at nucleotide 654 of intron 2. Young, growing βIVSII-654mice (1 mo old) manifested shorter bone length and lower BMD than their wild-type littermates, indicating possible growth retardation and osteopenia, the latter of which persisted until 8 mo of age (adult mice). Interestingly, two-way analysis of variance suggested an interaction between sex and...
Uploads
Papers by Panan Suntornsaratoon