The objective of this study was to investigate the adhesive effects on physical, mechanical and t... more The objective of this study was to investigate the adhesive effects on physical, mechanical and thermal properties of roofing materials from the OPEFBF (oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers) for use as a building material. In the production process, the synthetic adhesive UF, PF and pMDI resin 10 wt.% of the density at 400-900 kg m-3 were applied. The fiber was sprinkled with adhesives and other mixtures into the steel mold size of 300×320 mm then, the sheet was later put on hot compressors set. By overall, PMDI synthetic adhesives had better physical, and mechanical properties than UF and PF synthetic adhesives, but the thermal properties of UF and PF synthetic adhesives were however better than PMDI. Consequently, this study used three types of adhesives and its physical and mechanical properties were measured with JIS A 5908-2003, ASTM D1037-12, ASTM D 256-2010 and TIS 535-2556. The thermal property test was pervasively used for the thermal conductivity whereas the resistivity test was through ASTM C177-2010. Testing different densities and adhesives of the 3 types through the related standards and methods; they as the results endured to pass the specified standards. In ending remarks, this type of roofing material can reduce thermal conductivity and is a heat insulator deserved to innovatively substitute the asbestos roofing materials.
Effect of urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde and di-isocyanate resins on the properties of ro... more Effect of urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde and di-isocyanate resins on the properties of roofing tile materials from sugarcane bagasse fibers for the use as a building material .The production process of roofing tile materials uses among other materials thermosetting adhesive resins normally urea formaldehyde (UF) , phenol formaldehyde (PF) , di-isocyanate (PMDI) at various content mixtures, 2wt%, 4wt%,6wt%, 8wt% and 10wt% with a usual thickness of 6 mm. The fibers, adhesives, and other materials are then placed into a steel mould with the standard dimensions of 400 mm x 400 mm, to be then hydraulically pressed at high pressure and the required temperature. The physical, testing of density, humidity content, absorption of water, thickness inflated and water permeability as well as mechanical properties such as MOR and MOE, impact strength and tensile strength are all measured according to JIS A 5908-2003, ASTM D 256-2006a,TIS 535-2556 and ASTM D1037-12. The thermal properties testing used to test the thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity and solar reflectance were done was according to ASTM C177-2010 and ASTM E 891-87. Overall, PMDI synthetic adhesives have better physical and mechanical properties than PF synthetic adhesives, however the thermal properties of UF and PF synthetic adhesives are better than PMDI, respectively. The type of resin content and adhesive used had a significant impact on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the roofing tile materials, shown in the results of the analysis of variance (p >0.05). Produced is a roofing tile material with improved thermal conductivity and heat insulation suitable for use as a substitute for hazardous asbestos based roofing materials.
The field of tissue engineering has grown in response to many medical needs for tissue replacemen... more The field of tissue engineering has grown in response to many medical needs for tissue replacement. For the skin replacement, there have to develop the different types of tissue engineered skin substitutes. The artificial scaffold have to be a biodegradable material with appropriate degradation rate for skin regeneration. In this study, gelatin blended with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) scaffold was fabricated via freeze drying method. The various gelatin and CMC ratios were 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30 and 60/40, respectively. In vitro degradation of the scaffold was done by degradation in lysozyme in PBS buffer within desired time. The swelling ratio of the scaffolds was done by immersing in PBS buffer for 2 h at 37oC. The results revealed that the gelatin/CMC (80:20) scaffold showed the highest value of swelling ratio and have an appropriate degradation rate with completely degraded after 36 h.
Tungsten (WC) alloys were applied for a several of material structural and mechanical properties ... more Tungsten (WC) alloys were applied for a several of material structural and mechanical properties in mechanical-parts industrial which their relatively high wear was shortcoming of tool life. Experimental were produced to assign the possible advantages on the wear behavior of WC-alloys of combining mechanical property of the thin film of high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed coating with two different deposition treatments namely; WC-Cr-Ni and WC-Co. Reciprocating cylinder pin-on flat sliding and wear tests were operated using standard test method ASTM G65 with AISI 1050 steel substrates and cylinder pin of WC-carbide under non-lubricated conditions. The Taylor’s equation was applied to estimate the tool life model. Afterward, the Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the tool life behavior under many applied load (30-60 N). Finality, the tool life of WC-Cr-Ni was longer than the tool life of WC-Co on applied load range 500 N to 4500 N that means the chromium nickel element (CrNi) ...
International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing, 2022
The proper production plan plays an important role in the cashew nuts market enterprise in order ... more The proper production plan plays an important role in the cashew nuts market enterprise in order to reduce cost. This study aims to find the optimal production plan for cashew nuts using ant lion optimization (ALO), symbiotic organisms search (SOS), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC). The novel objective function is introduced in this study. Three input data set, including production cost, holding cost and inventory quantity are investigated. The experiment cases consist of the frequency of production cycle time in January, February and March, respectively. As a results, four algorithms are available to estimate not only the proper production plan of cashew nuts but also an ability in reducing the inventory and the holding costs. In summary, the ALO algorithm provides better predictive skill than others for the cashew nuts production plan with the lowest RMSE value of 0.0913.
The effect of welding parameters on GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding) between low carbon steel and ... more The effect of welding parameters on GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding) between low carbon steel and 3CR12 ferritic stainless steel with ER308L filler metal was investigated with regard to microstructure and mechanical properties. The welded metal presented good configuration. The microstructure of weldment was found to be of widmanstatten austenite, acicular ferrite and martensite. Martensite and Cr-rich carbide precipitated particles formed under certain conditions in weldment produced results of both better hardness values and tensile strength. The results indicated that influence of these welding parameters have significant effects on microstructure and mechanical properties in welded metal.
The International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology, 2015
Sugar cane, renewable fiber resources, were used for roof tile production. Urea formaldehyde, phe... more Sugar cane, renewable fiber resources, were used for roof tile production. Urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde and isocyanate resin were used as binders in this study. Roof tile specimens with 400 mm wide, 400 mm long and 5 mm thick were prepared by compression molding. Physical and mechanical properties of the specimens were analyzed by water absorption ,thickness swelling, thermal conductivity, density, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity. From the results, water absorption at 1 and 24 hours was 19-47 % and 38-57 %, respectively. Thickness swell at 24 hours was 15-29%. Thermal conductivity was 0.016, 0.017 and 0.019 W/m.K when using isocyanate, urea formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde, respectively. Density of the specimens was 770-860 kg/m3. Modulus of rapture was 255-280 MPa. Modulus of elasticity was 5.1-7.6 GPa. Physical and mechanical properties of the specimens indicated that they would be applied for roof tile and construction.
The International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology, 2015
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of solution treatment time and Sr-modifi... more The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of solution treatment time and Sr-modification on the microstructure and property of the Al-Si piston alloy. It was found that as-cast microstructures of unmodified and Sr-modified Al-Si alloys consisted of a coarse acicular plate of eutectic Si, Cu 3 NiAl6 and Mg 2 Si phases in the -Al matrix but different in size and morphology. Both size and inter-particle spacing of Si particles were significantly changed by increasing of the solution treatment time. After a short solution treatment, the coarse acicular plate of the eutectic Si appears to be fragmented. Fully modified microstructure of Sr-modified alloy can reduce the solution treatment time to shorter compared to unmodified alloy. The maximum of a peak hardness value is found in the very short solution treatment of both Al-Si piston alloys. Compared to 10 h solution treatment, the solution treatment of 2-4 h is sufficient to achieve appropriate microstructures and hardness. The short solution treatment is very useful to increase the productivity and to reduce the manufacturing cost of the Al-Si piston alloys.
Eight patients with drug-resistant schizophrenia improved clinically mostly within the first 3 we... more Eight patients with drug-resistant schizophrenia improved clinically mostly within the first 3 weeks during a clozapine (CLO) trial. The production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) by monocytes (MO) and polymorphonuctear leukocytes {PMNL) from these patients was measured by chemiluminscence simultaneously with clinical assessments and the measurements of the serum concentrations of clozapine at weeks 0, 3, and 10 of the trial. The changes in the ROM production and the clinical rating scale scores were computed by distraction of the values at weeks 3 and 10 from those at week 0 (baseline). The changes in the ROM production by MO (but not PMNL), both the non-stimulated (MOn) and stimulated by phorbol-myristate acetate (PMA) (MOs) correlated positively (r = 0.743, p =0.035*. and r =0.838. p =0.009**, respectively) with the changes in the total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores at week 3. The serum concentrations of CLO at week 3 also correlated positively with tile changes in the ROM production by MOs at week 3 (r=0.761, p=0.047") and at week 10 0'=0.985, p<0.001***), and by MOn at week 10 {r=0.903, p=0.005"*). Since ROM may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and MO (who may penetrate the blood-brain barrier) share the mutual origin and the ability to produce ROM with microglia, we conclude that the clinical response to CLO may be associated with the effects of CLO on the ROM production by MO.
Biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) blend fibers wer... more Biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) blend fibers were prepared in this study. PLA and PTT were blended in a twin screw extruder with varied contents of PTT 0-50 wt%.The PLA/PTT blend were melt spun into fiber by melt spinning technique. Thermal properties and crystallization behavior of PLA/PTT blends were investigated. PLA fiber was glossy and transparent while PTT fiber was opaque. The spinning of PLA/PTT blends fiber was difficult due to the difference in melting characteristic of PLA and PTT. However, the PLA/PTT blend fiber was successfully spun at PTT content of 10 wt% with the barrel temperature of 250 C and would be suitable for textile application.
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were blended in a twin screw extruder ... more Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were blended in a twin screw extruder at various contents of PBS from 0-50 wt%. PLA/PBS blends were melt spun using a single screw extruder equipped with multifilaments spinnerette. The effect of PBS contents on morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of PLA/PBS blend fiber was investigated SEM micrographs indicated that the addition of PBS at 10 wt% was miscible with PLA while the other contents of PBS exhibited phase separation in the blends. The incorporation of PBS affected on the declination of crystallinity in the blends. It can be noted that the addition of PBS could enhance the elasticity of PLA/PBS blend fibers.
Yellowish-brown inorganic pigments having a high near infrared solar reflectance have been synthe... more Yellowish-brown inorganic pigments having a high near infrared solar reflectance have been synthesized. In this research, Fe2O3 was used as the host component, whereas, the mixtures of Sb2O3, SiO2, Al2O3, and TiO2 were used as the guest components. The guest components were investigated over a range of 36 different compositions. The results showed that the pigment, denoted by YB32, with a composition of Fe2O3, Sb2O3, SiO2, Al2O3, and TiO2 of 65, 15, 10, 2 and 8 wt.% respectively, generated a maximum near infrared solar reflectance of 40.8% while the YB3 pigment was found to have a minimum reflectance of 29.3%. The CIE L*a*b* colour index was used to measure the yellowish-brown pigment colours. The YB32 and YB3 pigment powders were also characterized by powder X-ray diffraction technique. It was found that the YB3 powder developed a new phase, FeSb2O3, which is mainly responsible for the decrease in the near infrared solar reflectance.
The objective of this study was to investigate the adhesive effects on physical, mechanical and t... more The objective of this study was to investigate the adhesive effects on physical, mechanical and thermal properties of roofing materials from the OPEFBF (oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers) for use as a building material. In the production process, the synthetic adhesive UF, PF and pMDI resin 10 wt.% of the density at 400-900 kg m-3 were applied. The fiber was sprinkled with adhesives and other mixtures into the steel mold size of 300×320 mm then, the sheet was later put on hot compressors set. By overall, PMDI synthetic adhesives had better physical, and mechanical properties than UF and PF synthetic adhesives, but the thermal properties of UF and PF synthetic adhesives were however better than PMDI. Consequently, this study used three types of adhesives and its physical and mechanical properties were measured with JIS A 5908-2003, ASTM D1037-12, ASTM D 256-2010 and TIS 535-2556. The thermal property test was pervasively used for the thermal conductivity whereas the resistivity test was through ASTM C177-2010. Testing different densities and adhesives of the 3 types through the related standards and methods; they as the results endured to pass the specified standards. In ending remarks, this type of roofing material can reduce thermal conductivity and is a heat insulator deserved to innovatively substitute the asbestos roofing materials.
Effect of urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde and di-isocyanate resins on the properties of ro... more Effect of urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde and di-isocyanate resins on the properties of roofing tile materials from sugarcane bagasse fibers for the use as a building material .The production process of roofing tile materials uses among other materials thermosetting adhesive resins normally urea formaldehyde (UF) , phenol formaldehyde (PF) , di-isocyanate (PMDI) at various content mixtures, 2wt%, 4wt%,6wt%, 8wt% and 10wt% with a usual thickness of 6 mm. The fibers, adhesives, and other materials are then placed into a steel mould with the standard dimensions of 400 mm x 400 mm, to be then hydraulically pressed at high pressure and the required temperature. The physical, testing of density, humidity content, absorption of water, thickness inflated and water permeability as well as mechanical properties such as MOR and MOE, impact strength and tensile strength are all measured according to JIS A 5908-2003, ASTM D 256-2006a,TIS 535-2556 and ASTM D1037-12. The thermal properties testing used to test the thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity and solar reflectance were done was according to ASTM C177-2010 and ASTM E 891-87. Overall, PMDI synthetic adhesives have better physical and mechanical properties than PF synthetic adhesives, however the thermal properties of UF and PF synthetic adhesives are better than PMDI, respectively. The type of resin content and adhesive used had a significant impact on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the roofing tile materials, shown in the results of the analysis of variance (p >0.05). Produced is a roofing tile material with improved thermal conductivity and heat insulation suitable for use as a substitute for hazardous asbestos based roofing materials.
The field of tissue engineering has grown in response to many medical needs for tissue replacemen... more The field of tissue engineering has grown in response to many medical needs for tissue replacement. For the skin replacement, there have to develop the different types of tissue engineered skin substitutes. The artificial scaffold have to be a biodegradable material with appropriate degradation rate for skin regeneration. In this study, gelatin blended with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) scaffold was fabricated via freeze drying method. The various gelatin and CMC ratios were 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30 and 60/40, respectively. In vitro degradation of the scaffold was done by degradation in lysozyme in PBS buffer within desired time. The swelling ratio of the scaffolds was done by immersing in PBS buffer for 2 h at 37oC. The results revealed that the gelatin/CMC (80:20) scaffold showed the highest value of swelling ratio and have an appropriate degradation rate with completely degraded after 36 h.
Tungsten (WC) alloys were applied for a several of material structural and mechanical properties ... more Tungsten (WC) alloys were applied for a several of material structural and mechanical properties in mechanical-parts industrial which their relatively high wear was shortcoming of tool life. Experimental were produced to assign the possible advantages on the wear behavior of WC-alloys of combining mechanical property of the thin film of high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed coating with two different deposition treatments namely; WC-Cr-Ni and WC-Co. Reciprocating cylinder pin-on flat sliding and wear tests were operated using standard test method ASTM G65 with AISI 1050 steel substrates and cylinder pin of WC-carbide under non-lubricated conditions. The Taylor’s equation was applied to estimate the tool life model. Afterward, the Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the tool life behavior under many applied load (30-60 N). Finality, the tool life of WC-Cr-Ni was longer than the tool life of WC-Co on applied load range 500 N to 4500 N that means the chromium nickel element (CrNi) ...
International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing, 2022
The proper production plan plays an important role in the cashew nuts market enterprise in order ... more The proper production plan plays an important role in the cashew nuts market enterprise in order to reduce cost. This study aims to find the optimal production plan for cashew nuts using ant lion optimization (ALO), symbiotic organisms search (SOS), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC). The novel objective function is introduced in this study. Three input data set, including production cost, holding cost and inventory quantity are investigated. The experiment cases consist of the frequency of production cycle time in January, February and March, respectively. As a results, four algorithms are available to estimate not only the proper production plan of cashew nuts but also an ability in reducing the inventory and the holding costs. In summary, the ALO algorithm provides better predictive skill than others for the cashew nuts production plan with the lowest RMSE value of 0.0913.
The effect of welding parameters on GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding) between low carbon steel and ... more The effect of welding parameters on GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding) between low carbon steel and 3CR12 ferritic stainless steel with ER308L filler metal was investigated with regard to microstructure and mechanical properties. The welded metal presented good configuration. The microstructure of weldment was found to be of widmanstatten austenite, acicular ferrite and martensite. Martensite and Cr-rich carbide precipitated particles formed under certain conditions in weldment produced results of both better hardness values and tensile strength. The results indicated that influence of these welding parameters have significant effects on microstructure and mechanical properties in welded metal.
The International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology, 2015
Sugar cane, renewable fiber resources, were used for roof tile production. Urea formaldehyde, phe... more Sugar cane, renewable fiber resources, were used for roof tile production. Urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde and isocyanate resin were used as binders in this study. Roof tile specimens with 400 mm wide, 400 mm long and 5 mm thick were prepared by compression molding. Physical and mechanical properties of the specimens were analyzed by water absorption ,thickness swelling, thermal conductivity, density, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity. From the results, water absorption at 1 and 24 hours was 19-47 % and 38-57 %, respectively. Thickness swell at 24 hours was 15-29%. Thermal conductivity was 0.016, 0.017 and 0.019 W/m.K when using isocyanate, urea formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde, respectively. Density of the specimens was 770-860 kg/m3. Modulus of rapture was 255-280 MPa. Modulus of elasticity was 5.1-7.6 GPa. Physical and mechanical properties of the specimens indicated that they would be applied for roof tile and construction.
The International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology, 2015
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of solution treatment time and Sr-modifi... more The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of solution treatment time and Sr-modification on the microstructure and property of the Al-Si piston alloy. It was found that as-cast microstructures of unmodified and Sr-modified Al-Si alloys consisted of a coarse acicular plate of eutectic Si, Cu 3 NiAl6 and Mg 2 Si phases in the -Al matrix but different in size and morphology. Both size and inter-particle spacing of Si particles were significantly changed by increasing of the solution treatment time. After a short solution treatment, the coarse acicular plate of the eutectic Si appears to be fragmented. Fully modified microstructure of Sr-modified alloy can reduce the solution treatment time to shorter compared to unmodified alloy. The maximum of a peak hardness value is found in the very short solution treatment of both Al-Si piston alloys. Compared to 10 h solution treatment, the solution treatment of 2-4 h is sufficient to achieve appropriate microstructures and hardness. The short solution treatment is very useful to increase the productivity and to reduce the manufacturing cost of the Al-Si piston alloys.
Eight patients with drug-resistant schizophrenia improved clinically mostly within the first 3 we... more Eight patients with drug-resistant schizophrenia improved clinically mostly within the first 3 weeks during a clozapine (CLO) trial. The production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) by monocytes (MO) and polymorphonuctear leukocytes {PMNL) from these patients was measured by chemiluminscence simultaneously with clinical assessments and the measurements of the serum concentrations of clozapine at weeks 0, 3, and 10 of the trial. The changes in the ROM production and the clinical rating scale scores were computed by distraction of the values at weeks 3 and 10 from those at week 0 (baseline). The changes in the ROM production by MO (but not PMNL), both the non-stimulated (MOn) and stimulated by phorbol-myristate acetate (PMA) (MOs) correlated positively (r = 0.743, p =0.035*. and r =0.838. p =0.009**, respectively) with the changes in the total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores at week 3. The serum concentrations of CLO at week 3 also correlated positively with tile changes in the ROM production by MOs at week 3 (r=0.761, p=0.047") and at week 10 0'=0.985, p<0.001***), and by MOn at week 10 {r=0.903, p=0.005"*). Since ROM may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and MO (who may penetrate the blood-brain barrier) share the mutual origin and the ability to produce ROM with microglia, we conclude that the clinical response to CLO may be associated with the effects of CLO on the ROM production by MO.
Biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) blend fibers wer... more Biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) blend fibers were prepared in this study. PLA and PTT were blended in a twin screw extruder with varied contents of PTT 0-50 wt%.The PLA/PTT blend were melt spun into fiber by melt spinning technique. Thermal properties and crystallization behavior of PLA/PTT blends were investigated. PLA fiber was glossy and transparent while PTT fiber was opaque. The spinning of PLA/PTT blends fiber was difficult due to the difference in melting characteristic of PLA and PTT. However, the PLA/PTT blend fiber was successfully spun at PTT content of 10 wt% with the barrel temperature of 250 C and would be suitable for textile application.
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were blended in a twin screw extruder ... more Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were blended in a twin screw extruder at various contents of PBS from 0-50 wt%. PLA/PBS blends were melt spun using a single screw extruder equipped with multifilaments spinnerette. The effect of PBS contents on morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of PLA/PBS blend fiber was investigated SEM micrographs indicated that the addition of PBS at 10 wt% was miscible with PLA while the other contents of PBS exhibited phase separation in the blends. The incorporation of PBS affected on the declination of crystallinity in the blends. It can be noted that the addition of PBS could enhance the elasticity of PLA/PBS blend fibers.
Yellowish-brown inorganic pigments having a high near infrared solar reflectance have been synthe... more Yellowish-brown inorganic pigments having a high near infrared solar reflectance have been synthesized. In this research, Fe2O3 was used as the host component, whereas, the mixtures of Sb2O3, SiO2, Al2O3, and TiO2 were used as the guest components. The guest components were investigated over a range of 36 different compositions. The results showed that the pigment, denoted by YB32, with a composition of Fe2O3, Sb2O3, SiO2, Al2O3, and TiO2 of 65, 15, 10, 2 and 8 wt.% respectively, generated a maximum near infrared solar reflectance of 40.8% while the YB3 pigment was found to have a minimum reflectance of 29.3%. The CIE L*a*b* colour index was used to measure the yellowish-brown pigment colours. The YB32 and YB3 pigment powders were also characterized by powder X-ray diffraction technique. It was found that the YB3 powder developed a new phase, FeSb2O3, which is mainly responsible for the decrease in the near infrared solar reflectance.
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