There is an increasing interest in the concept of intel-ligent environments where a closed or del... more There is an increasing interest in the concept of intel-ligent environments where a closed or delimited public space (shopping mall, station, museum, hospital etc) is endowed with some automatic ability to interpret human behavior. Intelligent environments interact with their ...
www.kingston.ac.uk/dirc/ In order to develop a high-level description of events unfolding in a ty... more www.kingston.ac.uk/dirc/ In order to develop a high-level description of events unfolding in a typical surveillance scenario, each successfully tracked event must be classified into type and behaviour. In common with a number of approaches this paper employs a Bayesian classifier to determine type from event attribute such as height, width and velocity. The classifier, however, is extended to integrate all available evidence from the entire track. A not untypical Hidden Markov Model approach has been employed to model the common event behaviours typical of a car-park environment. Both techniques have been probabilistically integrated to generate accurate type and behaviour classifications. 1
transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers,... more transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.
The tracking of individuals in cluttered scenes has been of much interest in Machine Vision resea... more The tracking of individuals in cluttered scenes has been of much interest in Machine Vision research for more than a decade. A number of algorithms have been devised to track individuals and some of the algorithms have attempted the tracking of large groups of people. In this paper we discuss how to generate automatic maps of trends of movement in
IET International Conference on Visual Information Engineering (VIE 2006), 2006
... Keywords: Local descriptors, sparse matching, visual surveillance, complex dynamics analysis.... more ... Keywords: Local descriptors, sparse matching, visual surveillance, complex dynamics analysis. Abstract. Understanding complex crowd scenes involves many dimensions: level of clutter, density of pedestrians, global/detail dynamics of the scene, etc. ...
Proceedings Second IEEE Workshop on Visual Surveillance (VS'99) (Cat. No.98-89223), 1999
We propose a novel colour tracker for use in visual surveillance. The tracker is part of a framew... more We propose a novel colour tracker for use in visual surveillance. The tracker is part of a framework de- signed to monitor a dynamic scene with more than one camera. Colour tracking complements spatial tracking: it can also be used over large temporal intervals, and between spatially ...
Proceedings 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, 1999
We describe an architecture for implementing scene understanding algorithms in the visual surveil... more We describe an architecture for implementing scene understanding algorithms in the visual surveillance domain. To achieve a high level description of events observed by multiple cameras, many interrelated , event-driven processes must be executed. We use the agent paradigm to provide a framework in which these processes can be managed. Each camera has an associated agent, which detects and tracks moving regions of interest. This is used to construct and update object agents. Each camera is calibrated so that image coordinates can be transformed into ground plane locations. By comparing properties, two object agents can infer that they have the same referent, i.e. that two cameras are observing the same entity, and as a consequence merge identities. Each object's trajectory is classified with a type of activity, with reference to a ground plane agent. We demonstrate objects simultaneously tracked in two cameras, which infer this shared observation. The combination of the agent framework, and visual surveillance application provides an excellent environment for development and evaluation of scene understanding algorithms.
2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2009
We propose an adaptive tracking system for assisted living that integrates user information about... more We propose an adaptive tracking system for assisted living that integrates user information about emergency events. Information fusion between user data and visual data is performed in order to estimate and assess the situation at hand. The system is able to dynamically switch between different segmentation and tracking algorithms improving its performance, as shown by the proposed examples.
Proceedings 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation. Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation for the New Millennium (Cat. No.03EX694), 2003
Adaptability is an important attribute for any robotic system operating in an unstructured enviro... more Adaptability is an important attribute for any robotic system operating in an unstructured environment. The paper describes the first steps towards an adaptable robotic platform, capable of learning behaviours. This involves learning a new low-level behaviour 'on the fly' and integrating it into the existing set of behaviours. The first task selected for the robot to learn is obstacle avoidance.
Traditionally spacecraft operations are automated by increasing the levels of automation in the g... more Traditionally spacecraft operations are automated by increasing the levels of automation in the ground segment. Certain missions, however, are only possible with high levels of on-board automation and autonomy with respect to the ground. These include missions to distant planets and bodies for which the light or radio signal travel time is too long to accommodate real time control and
This paper proposes a comparison of two motion estimation algorithms for crowd scene analysis in ... more This paper proposes a comparison of two motion estimation algorithms for crowd scene analysis in video sequences. The first method uses the local gradient supported by neighbouring topology constraints. The second method makes use of descriptors extracted from points lying at the maximum curvature along Canny edges. Performance is evaluated using real-world video sequences, providing the reader with a quantitative comparison of the two methods.
... Though as a natural extension of detection, tracking has its own problem to recognize and ide... more ... Though as a natural extension of detection, tracking has its own problem to recognize and identify ...Tracking could be regarded as the most popular topic in visual surveillance, however currently for crowd ... most of the techniques are validated only for multiple (eg up to 10) people. ...
Biological systems have often provided inspiration for the design of artificial systems. On such ... more Biological systems have often provided inspiration for the design of artificial systems. On such example of a natural system that has inspired researchers is the ant colony. In this paper an algorithm for multi-agent reinforcement learning, a modified Q-learning, is proposed. The algorithm is inspired by the natural behaviour of ants, which deposit pheromones in the environment to communicate. The
The use of correlation as a measure of similarity between two signals is a well known technique. ... more The use of correlation as a measure of similarity between two signals is a well known technique. Correlation is commonly used in stereo vision to solve the correspondence problem. In this context the aim is to nd the position of a point in one of the two images of a weakly calibrated stereo pair which corresponds to a point in the other image. Template windows are chosen from the rst image as 2D information samples to be matched in a region of interest of the second image. We propose a technique which exploits an adaptive template matching. It works as an iterative optimization of the involved parameters with a consequent iterative re nement of the correspondence. Matching is performed by transforming a template window using the current image-to-image a ne transformation and exploiting the epipolar geometry to reduce the degrees of freedom of the template position in the region of interest. As a validation test of the presented technique we report a study on the accuracy of the obtained results with various template sizes. We show that subpixel accuracy can be reached with relatively small templates. A major concern of our work is the accuracy of the correspondence. Higher accuracy of the correspondences results in fact in a more realistic reconstruction of the viewed scene. In the case of a stereo pair undergone an estimated distortion of 0.5 pixel (10 m of pixel size) it is shown an accuracy in the correspondence of 3 m for template windows of 17X17 size selected in textured image patches. Experiments are under process to improve the mentioned results.
The work investigates pattern recognition methods to detect venation patterns on leaves. An autom... more The work investigates pattern recognition methods to detect venation patterns on leaves. An automated technique that involves scale space analysis and an automated technique that includes a combination of edge detectors are compared with a manual technique. A small data set of five images is considered in this initial exploratory work and the results are qualitatively evaluated. The results show
ABSTRACT Due to the increasing demand of multi-camera setup and long-term monitoring in vision ap... more ABSTRACT Due to the increasing demand of multi-camera setup and long-term monitoring in vision applications, real-time multi-view action recognition has gain a great interest in recent years. In this paper, we propose a multiple kernel learning based fusion framework that employs a motion-based person detector for finding regions of interest and local descriptors with bag-of-words quantisation for feature representation. The experimental results on a multi-view action dataset suggest that the proposed framework significantly outperforms simple fusion techniques and state-of-the-art methods.
... In this paper we have presented a new algorithm for edge detection in image processing using ... more ... In this paper we have presented a new algorithm for edge detection in image processing using an ant algorithm approach. ... of noise susceptibility addressed in this paper is not specific to our approach, and is in fact a typical problem amongst edge detection algorithms. ...
There is an increasing interest in the concept of intel-ligent environments where a closed or del... more There is an increasing interest in the concept of intel-ligent environments where a closed or delimited public space (shopping mall, station, museum, hospital etc) is endowed with some automatic ability to interpret human behavior. Intelligent environments interact with their ...
www.kingston.ac.uk/dirc/ In order to develop a high-level description of events unfolding in a ty... more www.kingston.ac.uk/dirc/ In order to develop a high-level description of events unfolding in a typical surveillance scenario, each successfully tracked event must be classified into type and behaviour. In common with a number of approaches this paper employs a Bayesian classifier to determine type from event attribute such as height, width and velocity. The classifier, however, is extended to integrate all available evidence from the entire track. A not untypical Hidden Markov Model approach has been employed to model the common event behaviours typical of a car-park environment. Both techniques have been probabilistically integrated to generate accurate type and behaviour classifications. 1
transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers,... more transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.
The tracking of individuals in cluttered scenes has been of much interest in Machine Vision resea... more The tracking of individuals in cluttered scenes has been of much interest in Machine Vision research for more than a decade. A number of algorithms have been devised to track individuals and some of the algorithms have attempted the tracking of large groups of people. In this paper we discuss how to generate automatic maps of trends of movement in
IET International Conference on Visual Information Engineering (VIE 2006), 2006
... Keywords: Local descriptors, sparse matching, visual surveillance, complex dynamics analysis.... more ... Keywords: Local descriptors, sparse matching, visual surveillance, complex dynamics analysis. Abstract. Understanding complex crowd scenes involves many dimensions: level of clutter, density of pedestrians, global/detail dynamics of the scene, etc. ...
Proceedings Second IEEE Workshop on Visual Surveillance (VS'99) (Cat. No.98-89223), 1999
We propose a novel colour tracker for use in visual surveillance. The tracker is part of a framew... more We propose a novel colour tracker for use in visual surveillance. The tracker is part of a framework de- signed to monitor a dynamic scene with more than one camera. Colour tracking complements spatial tracking: it can also be used over large temporal intervals, and between spatially ...
Proceedings 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, 1999
We describe an architecture for implementing scene understanding algorithms in the visual surveil... more We describe an architecture for implementing scene understanding algorithms in the visual surveillance domain. To achieve a high level description of events observed by multiple cameras, many interrelated , event-driven processes must be executed. We use the agent paradigm to provide a framework in which these processes can be managed. Each camera has an associated agent, which detects and tracks moving regions of interest. This is used to construct and update object agents. Each camera is calibrated so that image coordinates can be transformed into ground plane locations. By comparing properties, two object agents can infer that they have the same referent, i.e. that two cameras are observing the same entity, and as a consequence merge identities. Each object's trajectory is classified with a type of activity, with reference to a ground plane agent. We demonstrate objects simultaneously tracked in two cameras, which infer this shared observation. The combination of the agent framework, and visual surveillance application provides an excellent environment for development and evaluation of scene understanding algorithms.
2009 Sixth IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2009
We propose an adaptive tracking system for assisted living that integrates user information about... more We propose an adaptive tracking system for assisted living that integrates user information about emergency events. Information fusion between user data and visual data is performed in order to estimate and assess the situation at hand. The system is able to dynamically switch between different segmentation and tracking algorithms improving its performance, as shown by the proposed examples.
Proceedings 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation. Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation for the New Millennium (Cat. No.03EX694), 2003
Adaptability is an important attribute for any robotic system operating in an unstructured enviro... more Adaptability is an important attribute for any robotic system operating in an unstructured environment. The paper describes the first steps towards an adaptable robotic platform, capable of learning behaviours. This involves learning a new low-level behaviour 'on the fly' and integrating it into the existing set of behaviours. The first task selected for the robot to learn is obstacle avoidance.
Traditionally spacecraft operations are automated by increasing the levels of automation in the g... more Traditionally spacecraft operations are automated by increasing the levels of automation in the ground segment. Certain missions, however, are only possible with high levels of on-board automation and autonomy with respect to the ground. These include missions to distant planets and bodies for which the light or radio signal travel time is too long to accommodate real time control and
This paper proposes a comparison of two motion estimation algorithms for crowd scene analysis in ... more This paper proposes a comparison of two motion estimation algorithms for crowd scene analysis in video sequences. The first method uses the local gradient supported by neighbouring topology constraints. The second method makes use of descriptors extracted from points lying at the maximum curvature along Canny edges. Performance is evaluated using real-world video sequences, providing the reader with a quantitative comparison of the two methods.
... Though as a natural extension of detection, tracking has its own problem to recognize and ide... more ... Though as a natural extension of detection, tracking has its own problem to recognize and identify ...Tracking could be regarded as the most popular topic in visual surveillance, however currently for crowd ... most of the techniques are validated only for multiple (eg up to 10) people. ...
Biological systems have often provided inspiration for the design of artificial systems. On such ... more Biological systems have often provided inspiration for the design of artificial systems. On such example of a natural system that has inspired researchers is the ant colony. In this paper an algorithm for multi-agent reinforcement learning, a modified Q-learning, is proposed. The algorithm is inspired by the natural behaviour of ants, which deposit pheromones in the environment to communicate. The
The use of correlation as a measure of similarity between two signals is a well known technique. ... more The use of correlation as a measure of similarity between two signals is a well known technique. Correlation is commonly used in stereo vision to solve the correspondence problem. In this context the aim is to nd the position of a point in one of the two images of a weakly calibrated stereo pair which corresponds to a point in the other image. Template windows are chosen from the rst image as 2D information samples to be matched in a region of interest of the second image. We propose a technique which exploits an adaptive template matching. It works as an iterative optimization of the involved parameters with a consequent iterative re nement of the correspondence. Matching is performed by transforming a template window using the current image-to-image a ne transformation and exploiting the epipolar geometry to reduce the degrees of freedom of the template position in the region of interest. As a validation test of the presented technique we report a study on the accuracy of the obtained results with various template sizes. We show that subpixel accuracy can be reached with relatively small templates. A major concern of our work is the accuracy of the correspondence. Higher accuracy of the correspondences results in fact in a more realistic reconstruction of the viewed scene. In the case of a stereo pair undergone an estimated distortion of 0.5 pixel (10 m of pixel size) it is shown an accuracy in the correspondence of 3 m for template windows of 17X17 size selected in textured image patches. Experiments are under process to improve the mentioned results.
The work investigates pattern recognition methods to detect venation patterns on leaves. An autom... more The work investigates pattern recognition methods to detect venation patterns on leaves. An automated technique that involves scale space analysis and an automated technique that includes a combination of edge detectors are compared with a manual technique. A small data set of five images is considered in this initial exploratory work and the results are qualitatively evaluated. The results show
ABSTRACT Due to the increasing demand of multi-camera setup and long-term monitoring in vision ap... more ABSTRACT Due to the increasing demand of multi-camera setup and long-term monitoring in vision applications, real-time multi-view action recognition has gain a great interest in recent years. In this paper, we propose a multiple kernel learning based fusion framework that employs a motion-based person detector for finding regions of interest and local descriptors with bag-of-words quantisation for feature representation. The experimental results on a multi-view action dataset suggest that the proposed framework significantly outperforms simple fusion techniques and state-of-the-art methods.
... In this paper we have presented a new algorithm for edge detection in image processing using ... more ... In this paper we have presented a new algorithm for edge detection in image processing using an ant algorithm approach. ... of noise susceptibility addressed in this paper is not specific to our approach, and is in fact a typical problem amongst edge detection algorithms. ...
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