Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 1991
Balloon-expandable intravascular stents were employed to correct atherosclerotic stenosis of the ... more Balloon-expandable intravascular stents were employed to correct atherosclerotic stenosis of the aortic bifurcation. The devices were placed in the proximal iliac arteries with the cephalic end of the stents contacting in the midline. This arrangement provided an adequate lumen for the distal portion of the aortic wall and the proximal iliac arteries. Six of seven patients who received this form of treatment had hemodynamic and clinical improvement of their vascular insufficiency at an average follow-up of 1 year.
Allele and genotype frequencies for 7 tetramerie short tandem repeat loci were determined in a Sp... more Allele and genotype frequencies for 7 tetramerie short tandem repeat loci were determined in a Spanish population sample (N = 186–244) using PCR and subsequent analysis of the PCR products by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. The loci were HUMFES/FPS, HUMVWA, HUMTHOI, HUMF13B, HUMCSFIPO, HUMF13A1 and HUMTPOX and all loci met Hardy-Weinberg expectations. In addition, little evidence was found for association of alleles among the 7 loci. Thus the allele frequency data can be used in identity testing to estimate the frequency of a multiple PCR-based DNA profile in the Spanish population.
Each entire hypervariable region of the mitochondrial DNA control region was screened for mutatio... more Each entire hypervariable region of the mitochondrial DNA control region was screened for mutations from paired normal and tumor DNA corresponding to a group of 21 patients (13 colorectal and 8 gastric adenocarcinomas) using both heteroduplex analysis and single-strand conformation analysis. These two mutation scanning strategies allowed the identification of sequence alterations in 3/13 (23%) colorectal tumors and in 3/8 (37%) gastric tumors. Heteroduplex analysis showed the heteroplasmic state of the majority of these tumor mutations. Sequence analysis revealed two A:T/G:C transitions (nucleotide positions: 16241 and 16166) in hypervariable region 1 (HV1) and two C:G/T:A transitions (nucleotide positions: 76 and 312), one A:T/G:C transition (nucleotide position: 93), a 1-basepair C:G deletion (nucleotide position: 309), and a 2-base-pair CC:GG insertion (nucleotide position: 309) in the HV 2 region. A considerable proportion of these mutations was found in homopolymeric regions which are highly polymorphic among humans. Different mechanisms (clonal expansion, increased oxidative damage, and nuclear mutator mutations) were suggested to explain the increased mitochondrial DNA mutation rate observed in cancer.
In cases of mass disaster, there is often a need for managing, analyzing, and comparing large num... more In cases of mass disaster, there is often a need for managing, analyzing, and comparing large numbers of biological samples and DNA profiles. This requires the use of laboratory information management systems for large-scale sample logging and tracking, coupled with bioinformatic tools for DNA database searching according to different matching algorithms, and for the evaluation of the significance of each match by likelihood ratio calculations. There are many different interrelated factors and circumstances involved in each specific mass disaster scenario that may challenge the final DNA identification goal, such as: the number of victims, the mechanisms of body destruction, the extent of body fragmentation, the rate of DNA degradation, the body accessibility for sample collection, or the type of DNA reference samples availability. In this paper, we examine the different steps of the DNA identification analysis (DNA sampling, DNA analysis and technology, DNA database searching, and concordance and kinship analysis) reviewing the "lessons learned" and the scientific progress made in some mass disaster cases described in the scientific literature. We will put special emphasis on the valuable scientific feedback that genetic forensic community has received from the collaborative efforts of several public and private USA forensic laboratories in assisting with the more critical areas of the World Trade Center (WTC) mass fatality of September 11, 2001. The main challenges in identifying the victims of the recent South Asian Tsunami disaster, which has produced the steepest death count rise in history, will also be considered. We also present data from two recent mass fatality cases that involved Spanish victims: the Madrid terrorist attack of March 11, 2004, and the Yakolev-42 aircraft accident in Trabzon, Turkey, of May 26, 2003. A mass disaster is an unexpected event that causes serious injury and death to a number of people. Mass disaster events may be natural disasters (earthquakes, flooding, and tornadoes), accidental disasters (aircraft crashes, train crashes and derailments, and building fires), or intentioned terrorism acts (direct attacks on significant objectives, and bombing of populated areas, including suicide attacks and deployments of chemical and bio-logical weapons). Forensic identification of victims is essential for humanitarian reasons, but also for civil or criminal investigative needs, and it is essentially based on forensic anthropology, fingerprints, forensic odontology, radiology, and DNA typing (1).
Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 1991
Balloon-expandable intravascular stents were employed to correct atherosclerotic stenosis of the ... more Balloon-expandable intravascular stents were employed to correct atherosclerotic stenosis of the aortic bifurcation. The devices were placed in the proximal iliac arteries with the cephalic end of the stents contacting in the midline. This arrangement provided an adequate lumen for the distal portion of the aortic wall and the proximal iliac arteries. Six of seven patients who received this form of treatment had hemodynamic and clinical improvement of their vascular insufficiency at an average follow-up of 1 year.
Allele and genotype frequencies for 7 tetramerie short tandem repeat loci were determined in a Sp... more Allele and genotype frequencies for 7 tetramerie short tandem repeat loci were determined in a Spanish population sample (N = 186–244) using PCR and subsequent analysis of the PCR products by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. The loci were HUMFES/FPS, HUMVWA, HUMTHOI, HUMF13B, HUMCSFIPO, HUMF13A1 and HUMTPOX and all loci met Hardy-Weinberg expectations. In addition, little evidence was found for association of alleles among the 7 loci. Thus the allele frequency data can be used in identity testing to estimate the frequency of a multiple PCR-based DNA profile in the Spanish population.
Each entire hypervariable region of the mitochondrial DNA control region was screened for mutatio... more Each entire hypervariable region of the mitochondrial DNA control region was screened for mutations from paired normal and tumor DNA corresponding to a group of 21 patients (13 colorectal and 8 gastric adenocarcinomas) using both heteroduplex analysis and single-strand conformation analysis. These two mutation scanning strategies allowed the identification of sequence alterations in 3/13 (23%) colorectal tumors and in 3/8 (37%) gastric tumors. Heteroduplex analysis showed the heteroplasmic state of the majority of these tumor mutations. Sequence analysis revealed two A:T/G:C transitions (nucleotide positions: 16241 and 16166) in hypervariable region 1 (HV1) and two C:G/T:A transitions (nucleotide positions: 76 and 312), one A:T/G:C transition (nucleotide position: 93), a 1-basepair C:G deletion (nucleotide position: 309), and a 2-base-pair CC:GG insertion (nucleotide position: 309) in the HV 2 region. A considerable proportion of these mutations was found in homopolymeric regions which are highly polymorphic among humans. Different mechanisms (clonal expansion, increased oxidative damage, and nuclear mutator mutations) were suggested to explain the increased mitochondrial DNA mutation rate observed in cancer.
In cases of mass disaster, there is often a need for managing, analyzing, and comparing large num... more In cases of mass disaster, there is often a need for managing, analyzing, and comparing large numbers of biological samples and DNA profiles. This requires the use of laboratory information management systems for large-scale sample logging and tracking, coupled with bioinformatic tools for DNA database searching according to different matching algorithms, and for the evaluation of the significance of each match by likelihood ratio calculations. There are many different interrelated factors and circumstances involved in each specific mass disaster scenario that may challenge the final DNA identification goal, such as: the number of victims, the mechanisms of body destruction, the extent of body fragmentation, the rate of DNA degradation, the body accessibility for sample collection, or the type of DNA reference samples availability. In this paper, we examine the different steps of the DNA identification analysis (DNA sampling, DNA analysis and technology, DNA database searching, and concordance and kinship analysis) reviewing the "lessons learned" and the scientific progress made in some mass disaster cases described in the scientific literature. We will put special emphasis on the valuable scientific feedback that genetic forensic community has received from the collaborative efforts of several public and private USA forensic laboratories in assisting with the more critical areas of the World Trade Center (WTC) mass fatality of September 11, 2001. The main challenges in identifying the victims of the recent South Asian Tsunami disaster, which has produced the steepest death count rise in history, will also be considered. We also present data from two recent mass fatality cases that involved Spanish victims: the Madrid terrorist attack of March 11, 2004, and the Yakolev-42 aircraft accident in Trabzon, Turkey, of May 26, 2003. A mass disaster is an unexpected event that causes serious injury and death to a number of people. Mass disaster events may be natural disasters (earthquakes, flooding, and tornadoes), accidental disasters (aircraft crashes, train crashes and derailments, and building fires), or intentioned terrorism acts (direct attacks on significant objectives, and bombing of populated areas, including suicide attacks and deployments of chemical and bio-logical weapons). Forensic identification of victims is essential for humanitarian reasons, but also for civil or criminal investigative needs, and it is essentially based on forensic anthropology, fingerprints, forensic odontology, radiology, and DNA typing (1).
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Papers by Oscar Garcia