ABSTRACT Purpose ‐ Research has shown that individuals of different ages hold different environme... more ABSTRACT Purpose ‐ Research has shown that individuals of different ages hold different environmental attitudes and perform environmental behaviors of different kinds and to varying degrees. The strength and direction of age-effects observed across studies has been inconsistent, however. This study aims to examine the relationship between age and a variety of environmental sustainability-related psychological variables using meta-analytic techniques. Design/methodology/approach ‐ Relationships between age and environmental concern, environmental values, attitudes toward environmental behaviors, environmental awareness, environmental knowledge, environmental motives, environmental intentions, and pro-environmental behaviors were examined. Data from relevant studies between 1970 and 2010 were meta-analyzed to determine the magnitudes of relationships between age and environmental variables, and to investigate whether effects generalize across studies. Findings ‐ Most relationships were negligibly small. Small but generalizable relationships indicated that older individuals appear to be more likely to engage with nature, avoid environmental harm, and conserve raw materials and natural resources. Originality/value ‐ Stereotypes about age-differences in environmental sustainability are commonly held in organizations. If work and organizational psychologists are to encourage and help individuals to be more environmentally responsible at work, understanding how age affects these efforts is imperative. By meta-analytically estimating age-differences in environmental sustainability variables, the present study helps to dispel erroneous stereotypes and guide organizations to implement effective environmental interventions.
Agreeableness impacts people and real-world outcomes. In the most comprehensive quantitative revi... more Agreeableness impacts people and real-world outcomes. In the most comprehensive quantitative review to date, we summarize results from 142 meta-analyses reporting effects for 275 variables, which represent N > 1.9 million participants from k > 3,900 studies. Arranging variables by their content and type, we use an organizational framework of 16 conceptual categories that presents a detailed account of Agreeableness' external relations. Overall, the trait has effects in a desirable direction for 93% of variables (grand mean ρ¯M=.16). We also review lower order trait evidence for 42 variables from 20 meta-analyses. Using these empirical findings, in tandem with existing theory, we synthesize eight general themes that describe Agreeableness' characteristic functioning across variables: self-transcendence, contentment, relational investment, teamworking, work investment, lower results emphasis, social norm orientation, and social integration. We conclude by discussing potential boundary conditions of findings, contributions and limitations of our review, and future research directions.
Работа важна. Благодаря работе общество делает все важные вещи, преимущественно через организации... more Работа важна. Благодаря работе общество делает все важные вещи, преимущественно через организации - бизнес-корпорации, некоммерческие организации, правительственные структуры и так далее (Hogan & Chamorro-Premuzic, 2013). На работе люди проводят большую часть своей жизни, она в значительной мере создает их ощущение себя. Рабочие группы обеспечивают социальную идентичность, место в социальной иерархии определяет статус, а сложные рабочие задачи дают возможность быть творческими и инновационными. Более чем какая-либо другая научная дисциплина, индустриальная/организационная психология (ИО психология) сфокусирована на глубоком понимании и улучшении работы как важного аспекта жизни. Нет необходимости перечислять весь исторический вклад ИО психологии, достаточно упомянуть наиболее важные исследования: повышение организационной и личной эффективности, улучшение условий труда и обогащение содержания работы, важность справедливости на рабочем месте - этого будет более чем достаточно. ИО пси...
. The present study used intraindividual criterion profile analysis to investigate the relationsh... more . The present study used intraindividual criterion profile analysis to investigate the relationship between creative artistic and investigative interests and the Big Five personality traits. In 19 samples, we found that artistic and investigative interests showed distinct intraindividual personality profile patterns. Investigative interests were associated with elevated openness to intellect, conscientiousness, and emotional stability and low extraversion and agreeableness, relative to individuals’ other traits. Artistic interests were associated with personal strengths for openness to experiences and personal weaknesses for conscientiousness, assertiveness, and emotional stability. Across creative interests, profile pattern, not absolute trait level, drove the relationship between personality traits and interests. These findings replicated across numerous personality inventories and levels of interest specificity (RIASEC, basic interests, occupation-specific interests). We discuss the implications of these results for the complementary use of personality and interest scales in vocational counseling and personnel selection.
If any of us had realized the true scale and nature of the task ahead of us 4 years ago when we a... more If any of us had realized the true scale and nature of the task ahead of us 4 years ago when we agreed to act as joint editors of a new globally oriented handbook for our field, we would without doubt have tactfully but firmly declined! What began life originally as an idea casually run up for discussion between the four of us at European Association of Work and Organization Psychology (EAWOP—the equivalent of SIOP in Europe) and SIOP conferences for a limited collection of authored chapters snowballed over the coming months into a personal challenge for a major, two-volume handbook. To illustrate just how truly global this project became, the following points can be noted:
Employees can engage in a wide spectrum of misbehaviour in organizations. Such counterproductivit... more Employees can engage in a wide spectrum of misbehaviour in organizations. Such counterproductivity costs employers billions of dollars annually worldwide (Ones, 2002). The extent of actual, psychological and societal costs to organizations can be better understood when one considers the multitude of different ways employees can misbehave. Geddes and Baron (1997) found that 69 per cent of managers reported having experienced verbal aggression. Wimbush and Dalton (1997) used multiple methods and samples to estimate the base rate for employee theft, and found ‘Depending on the level one ascribes to nontrivial employee theft, .. . [the different techniques of estimating employee theft] . . . converge on theft rates over 50 per cent’ (p. 756). It is estimated that substance abuse costs the United States alone more than $135 billion each year (DeCresce et al., 1990). Harwood, Fountain and Livermore (1992) estimated that in the United States economy $82 billion in lost potential productivity could be attributed to alcohol and drug abuse in 1992 ($67.7 billion and $14.2 billion, respectively).
This paper presents an overview of a useful approach for theory testing in the social sciences th... more This paper presents an overview of a useful approach for theory testing in the social sciences that combines the principles of psychometric meta-analysis and structural equations modeling. In this approach to theory testing, the estimated true score correlations between the constructs of interest are established through the application of metaanalysis (Hunter & Schmidt, 1990), and structural equations modeling is then applied to the matrix of estimated true score correlations. The potential advantages and limitations of this approach are presented. The approach enables researchers to test complex theories involving several constructs that cannot all be measured in a single study. Decision points are identified, the options available to a researcher are enumerated, and the potential problems as well as the prospects of each are discussed. Both authors contributed equally; order of authorship is arbitrary. An earlier version of this paper was presented in J. S. Phillips (Chair), Someproblems and innovative solutions in structural equations modeling used for management theory building. Symposium conducted at the 54th annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Dallas, TX. We thank Frank Schmidt for his collaboration on an earlier manuscript. We also acknowledge Jack Hunter for his pioneering work on combining meta-analysis and path analysis. We thankfully acknowledge the contributions of three anonymous reviewers; this manuscript has greatly benefited from all their extensive comments.
ABSTRACT Purpose ‐ Research has shown that individuals of different ages hold different environme... more ABSTRACT Purpose ‐ Research has shown that individuals of different ages hold different environmental attitudes and perform environmental behaviors of different kinds and to varying degrees. The strength and direction of age-effects observed across studies has been inconsistent, however. This study aims to examine the relationship between age and a variety of environmental sustainability-related psychological variables using meta-analytic techniques. Design/methodology/approach ‐ Relationships between age and environmental concern, environmental values, attitudes toward environmental behaviors, environmental awareness, environmental knowledge, environmental motives, environmental intentions, and pro-environmental behaviors were examined. Data from relevant studies between 1970 and 2010 were meta-analyzed to determine the magnitudes of relationships between age and environmental variables, and to investigate whether effects generalize across studies. Findings ‐ Most relationships were negligibly small. Small but generalizable relationships indicated that older individuals appear to be more likely to engage with nature, avoid environmental harm, and conserve raw materials and natural resources. Originality/value ‐ Stereotypes about age-differences in environmental sustainability are commonly held in organizations. If work and organizational psychologists are to encourage and help individuals to be more environmentally responsible at work, understanding how age affects these efforts is imperative. By meta-analytically estimating age-differences in environmental sustainability variables, the present study helps to dispel erroneous stereotypes and guide organizations to implement effective environmental interventions.
Agreeableness impacts people and real-world outcomes. In the most comprehensive quantitative revi... more Agreeableness impacts people and real-world outcomes. In the most comprehensive quantitative review to date, we summarize results from 142 meta-analyses reporting effects for 275 variables, which represent N > 1.9 million participants from k > 3,900 studies. Arranging variables by their content and type, we use an organizational framework of 16 conceptual categories that presents a detailed account of Agreeableness' external relations. Overall, the trait has effects in a desirable direction for 93% of variables (grand mean ρ¯M=.16). We also review lower order trait evidence for 42 variables from 20 meta-analyses. Using these empirical findings, in tandem with existing theory, we synthesize eight general themes that describe Agreeableness' characteristic functioning across variables: self-transcendence, contentment, relational investment, teamworking, work investment, lower results emphasis, social norm orientation, and social integration. We conclude by discussing potential boundary conditions of findings, contributions and limitations of our review, and future research directions.
Работа важна. Благодаря работе общество делает все важные вещи, преимущественно через организации... more Работа важна. Благодаря работе общество делает все важные вещи, преимущественно через организации - бизнес-корпорации, некоммерческие организации, правительственные структуры и так далее (Hogan & Chamorro-Premuzic, 2013). На работе люди проводят большую часть своей жизни, она в значительной мере создает их ощущение себя. Рабочие группы обеспечивают социальную идентичность, место в социальной иерархии определяет статус, а сложные рабочие задачи дают возможность быть творческими и инновационными. Более чем какая-либо другая научная дисциплина, индустриальная/организационная психология (ИО психология) сфокусирована на глубоком понимании и улучшении работы как важного аспекта жизни. Нет необходимости перечислять весь исторический вклад ИО психологии, достаточно упомянуть наиболее важные исследования: повышение организационной и личной эффективности, улучшение условий труда и обогащение содержания работы, важность справедливости на рабочем месте - этого будет более чем достаточно. ИО пси...
. The present study used intraindividual criterion profile analysis to investigate the relationsh... more . The present study used intraindividual criterion profile analysis to investigate the relationship between creative artistic and investigative interests and the Big Five personality traits. In 19 samples, we found that artistic and investigative interests showed distinct intraindividual personality profile patterns. Investigative interests were associated with elevated openness to intellect, conscientiousness, and emotional stability and low extraversion and agreeableness, relative to individuals’ other traits. Artistic interests were associated with personal strengths for openness to experiences and personal weaknesses for conscientiousness, assertiveness, and emotional stability. Across creative interests, profile pattern, not absolute trait level, drove the relationship between personality traits and interests. These findings replicated across numerous personality inventories and levels of interest specificity (RIASEC, basic interests, occupation-specific interests). We discuss the implications of these results for the complementary use of personality and interest scales in vocational counseling and personnel selection.
If any of us had realized the true scale and nature of the task ahead of us 4 years ago when we a... more If any of us had realized the true scale and nature of the task ahead of us 4 years ago when we agreed to act as joint editors of a new globally oriented handbook for our field, we would without doubt have tactfully but firmly declined! What began life originally as an idea casually run up for discussion between the four of us at European Association of Work and Organization Psychology (EAWOP—the equivalent of SIOP in Europe) and SIOP conferences for a limited collection of authored chapters snowballed over the coming months into a personal challenge for a major, two-volume handbook. To illustrate just how truly global this project became, the following points can be noted:
Employees can engage in a wide spectrum of misbehaviour in organizations. Such counterproductivit... more Employees can engage in a wide spectrum of misbehaviour in organizations. Such counterproductivity costs employers billions of dollars annually worldwide (Ones, 2002). The extent of actual, psychological and societal costs to organizations can be better understood when one considers the multitude of different ways employees can misbehave. Geddes and Baron (1997) found that 69 per cent of managers reported having experienced verbal aggression. Wimbush and Dalton (1997) used multiple methods and samples to estimate the base rate for employee theft, and found ‘Depending on the level one ascribes to nontrivial employee theft, .. . [the different techniques of estimating employee theft] . . . converge on theft rates over 50 per cent’ (p. 756). It is estimated that substance abuse costs the United States alone more than $135 billion each year (DeCresce et al., 1990). Harwood, Fountain and Livermore (1992) estimated that in the United States economy $82 billion in lost potential productivity could be attributed to alcohol and drug abuse in 1992 ($67.7 billion and $14.2 billion, respectively).
This paper presents an overview of a useful approach for theory testing in the social sciences th... more This paper presents an overview of a useful approach for theory testing in the social sciences that combines the principles of psychometric meta-analysis and structural equations modeling. In this approach to theory testing, the estimated true score correlations between the constructs of interest are established through the application of metaanalysis (Hunter & Schmidt, 1990), and structural equations modeling is then applied to the matrix of estimated true score correlations. The potential advantages and limitations of this approach are presented. The approach enables researchers to test complex theories involving several constructs that cannot all be measured in a single study. Decision points are identified, the options available to a researcher are enumerated, and the potential problems as well as the prospects of each are discussed. Both authors contributed equally; order of authorship is arbitrary. An earlier version of this paper was presented in J. S. Phillips (Chair), Someproblems and innovative solutions in structural equations modeling used for management theory building. Symposium conducted at the 54th annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Dallas, TX. We thank Frank Schmidt for his collaboration on an earlier manuscript. We also acknowledge Jack Hunter for his pioneering work on combining meta-analysis and path analysis. We thankfully acknowledge the contributions of three anonymous reviewers; this manuscript has greatly benefited from all their extensive comments.
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