Migraciones. Publicación del Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones
Desde la tradición etnográfica de la antropología y cimentado en 41 entrevistas en profundidad y ... more Desde la tradición etnográfica de la antropología y cimentado en 41 entrevistas en profundidad y observación participante con trabajadores de primera línea del sistema de recepción, este texto explora la articulación, aplicación y consecuencias de los procesos de externalización del asilo en España. El artículo presenta un análisis en profundidad de las dinámicas de externalización del programa estatal de acogida para protección internacional, con la creación de un sistema de recepción extendido. Explorando el trabajo diario de las personas que trabajan en el sistema público de recepción bajo la lente etnográfica, se evidencia cómo las modificaciones del sistema no dan respuesta a sus disfuncionalidades, sino que, contrariamente, contribuyen a los procesos de disipación de responsabilidad a través de la externalización a entidades del tercer sector, reforzando un modelo de recepción basado en la caridad en lugar de en el derecho.
Victim support entails one of the most intense stress- and trauma-laden interactions faced by law... more Victim support entails one of the most intense stress- and trauma-laden interactions faced by law enforcement professionals, and this function or role frequently triggers long-lasting negative effects on officers’ psychological health and wellbeing. As police officers interact daily with victims, but also with other officers, social services, and institutions, the limits between tasks and needs may directly affect how they manage stress, trauma, and notions of individual and organisational responsibility. As such, boundary work may be a useful framework to understand and even improve how victim support police officers interact with other individuals and organisations. Drawing from a ground-breaking qualitative, in-depth research with police officers that provide support to victims of gender-based and domestic violence, this paper analyses conscious and unconscious boundaries as key elements in the officers’ wellbeing. Informed by the empirical findings of a case study of Catalonia's Mossos d’Esquadra police corps, this paper explores how victim support officers negotiate their individual and organisational boundaries as they interact with other agents and institutions, and how these negotiations affect them. This paper argues for the relevance of an officer's agency and discretion for distinguishing between conscious and unconscious boundaries, as their limits may be blurred throughout the wide range of interactions.
Migration and Torture in Today’s World, Jan 9, 2023
Whilst torture is an age-old phenomenon, prevalent in Western societies since the oldest availabl... more Whilst torture is an age-old phenomenon, prevalent in Western societies since the oldest available records, the twentieth century brought about significant transformations in its conceptualisation. Torture remains the subject of complex and controversial debates, both from academic, political, and legal approaches. Dwelling on the current problematisations of this concept that recognises torture within the logic of its social production, this text explores the connection – and its omission – between State violence and torture against migrants. The chapter examines the case of the Spanish State’s failure to protect migrant victims of torture’s rights, as well as the physical aggression at borders, by which migrants are subjected to different forms of violence by the migration control apparatus.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
The victims of anti-LGBT hate crimes may have particularly negative experiences which affect thei... more The victims of anti-LGBT hate crimes may have particularly negative experiences which affect their mental health and wellbeing. These incidents affect the victims’ self-esteem, dignity and identity, and they also affect indirect victims in similar ways. As opposed to retributive justice, restorative justice may offer a more satisfactory justice experience for those affected, by addressing the harm caused to them. This is due to the fact that restorative processes require flexibility, adequacy and tailor-made design. Drawing on findings from a multi-site qualitative study conducted in six European countries, this article discusses the perceptions and experiences of key professionals regarding the potential of restorative justice to provide for victims of anti-LGBT hate crimes, particularly in relation to repairing the individual and collective harm caused by such crimes.
Whilst debates on sexual diversity in public space have been extensive, these have tended to focu... more Whilst debates on sexual diversity in public space have been extensive, these have tended to focus on large cities as the environments within which to analyse sexual and gender diversity, gradually consolidating an intrinsic relationship between the LGBTQ experience and the big city. This emphasis has led to the LGBTQ experiences of small and medium-sized cities being overlooked, neglecting the complexity of the intersection between the urban and the sex-gender. Grounded on an original ethnographic work, this paper explores the experiences of LGBTQ people living in two medium-sized cities in Spain: Girona and Sabadell, to analyse the interrelationships between these cities and Barcelona as their main LGBTQ-friendly reference; and the perceptions of tolerance and hostility towards LGBTQ expressions in public spheres. The paper reveals that all cities are shaped by sexualized discourses and experiences, and argues that the experiences of LGBTQ people in medium-sized cities needs to be recognised to understand the influence of space in shaping the sexgender experiences.
Providing face-to-face support to victims entails one the most intense stress- and trauma-laden e... more Providing face-to-face support to victims entails one the most intense stress- and trauma-laden exchanges of law enforcement tasks, which frequently triggers long lasting negative effects on police officer’s psychological wellbeing. When exploring this phenomenon, police resilience is often interpreted as police officers’ and organization’s capacity to react and recover from negative experiences and impediments, and as such it may be perceived as both a trait and a trainable and promotable skill. Yet, in very recent times, police resilience has faced new or transformed challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as victims, citizens, and public institutions have encountered new needs and situations. Drawing from a unique qualitative, in-depth research with police officers that provide support to victims of gender-based and domestic violence, this paper analyzes officers’ needs and challenges regarding their interactions with victims, colleagues, superiors, and other occupational demand...
Cet article analyse le processus d’obtention de droits LGBT+ en Espagne depuis la fin de la dicta... more Cet article analyse le processus d’obtention de droits LGBT+ en Espagne depuis la fin de la dictature franquiste jusqu’a nos jours, en accordant une attention particuliere aux opinions et aux experiences de ses protagonistes. Des donnees extraites d’entretiens approfondis menes aupres de personnes LGBT+ qui resident et/ou travaillent dans la ville de Sabadell (Catalogne) y sont analysees. En Espagne, comme dans la plupart des pays occidentaux, les organisations LGBT+ ayant une plus grande capacite d’influence abandonnent les revendications revolutionnaires contre le systeme socio-sexuel, pour adopter un discours plus modere base sur les droits civils et l’acceptation sociale. Cependant, dans ce pays, les organisations et discours d’essence plus radicale, aujourd’hui inspires des theories queer, ont toujours ete actifs et sont parvenus a un changement socio-politique important avec la depathologisation de l’aide aux personnes transgenres. L’article defend la necessite de ne pas abandonner la critique de notre systeme de sexe/genre au benefice de l’inclusion et de la tolerance sociales, seule facon de contrer la violence quotidienne, symbolique et structurelle.
Christina Hollomey, Alfred Wöger (ICMPD); Maren Borkert (University of Vienna), Maegan Hendow and... more Christina Hollomey, Alfred Wöger (ICMPD); Maren Borkert (University of Vienna), Maegan Hendow and Madalina Rogoz (ICMPD); Blanka Tollarová (MKC); Claudia Lechner (efms); Olga Jubany, Berta Güell and Róisín Davis (University of Barcelona); Emanuela Dalmasso (University of Turin); P.W.A. Scholten, Han Entzinger (Erasmus University Rotterdam) and Sawitri Saharso (University of Twente); Brigitte Suter (MIM); Elena Vacchelli, Eleonore Kofman and Alessio D’Angelo (Middlesex University)
Labour precariousness, notably manifested in the loss of formal jobs, stagnation of wages and lab... more Labour precariousness, notably manifested in the loss of formal jobs, stagnation of wages and labour uncertainty, has increased on a global scale. Previous explanations for precariousness have focused on flexible models of production, yet this approach has tended to overlook the fact that precariousness forms a part of modern colonial capitalism and gender identity. Based on the results of an empirical, ground-breaking ethnographic research, this paper analyses the stratification of productive tasks on a global scale, from the system of gender hierarchies, racialization and stratification leading to the exploitation and precariousness of workers. The arguments put forward are endorsed through the experiences of Mexican women who travel to the United States and Canada, to work temporarily in the hotel, restaurant and agriculture sectors. This analysis reveals how women workers in particular are constructed and instituted as a racialized surplus, allowing employers to legitimate labour exploitation and perpetuate social hierarchies.
El artículo analiza los distintos sistemas de opresión y privilegios asociados al género, clase u... more El artículo analiza los distintos sistemas de opresión y privilegios asociados al género, clase u origen, experimentados por mujeres que participan en programas de empleo temporal. Los datos empíricos provienen de una investigación etnográfica. La propuesta se sitúa en el reconocimiento de las diferencias entre mujeres, tema de la teoría feminista contemporánea. Nos apoyamos en la interseccionalidad para hacer visible las múltiples discriminaciones que las mujeres perciben en su vida cotidiana; y el cruce de los ejes jerárquicos en el mercado de trabajo internacional.
ABSTRACT The introduction of integration tests on a pre-entry or post-arrival basis has drawn att... more ABSTRACT The introduction of integration tests on a pre-entry or post-arrival basis has drawn attention to changing national integration policies. Yet, at the local level, language and civic culture courses have often been implemented before the development of national programmes. The way these policies came into place and the extent to which they responded to similar challenges has often been overlooked. This article explores the development of these measures in four cities – Stuttgart, Vienna, Barcelona and Turin – to find out which mechanisms account for convergence in policymaking. Integration courses present traits of similarity in their contents and target groups; however, this does not imply a consistent process towards convergence. Local introduction initiatives are the product of local policy arenas, which display different policy frames of migrant integration. On the other hand, new legislation and changes in the available financial resources for integration appear to be crucial factors that trigger divergence.
European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice
Adopting an ethnographic approach, this paper analyses the interpretation, application and conseq... more Adopting an ethnographic approach, this paper analyses the interpretation, application and consequences of the most relevant tool for the protection of victims’ rights in the European Union – the so-called Victims’ Rights Directive (Directive 2012/29/EU). The analysis is grounded on multi-sited fieldwork that includes 106 in-depth interviews with professionals working with victim support in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Italy and Spain. The results unravel the perspectives and experiences of the professionals working on the ground and the uneven implementation of the Directive across the EU and in highly diverse contexts. The analysis shows the tensions and deficits in its implementation that are inseparable from the social construction of the ‘ideal victim’ that informs the prioritising of support. This paper will evidence how the ‘hierarchisation of victims’ is echoed in the unequal transposition and implementation of the Directive throughout the EU, from law enforcement agencies to p...
Xenophobic approaches to social protection have contended that the Welfare State is put at risk b... more Xenophobic approaches to social protection have contended that the Welfare State is put at risk by higher numbers of immigrants, who have been construed as a ‘burden’, rather than as contributors. These discourses rely on hierarchical classifications of humans and citizens to establish a basic distinction between the ‘deserving’ and the ‘underserving’ across gendered, racialised and class lines. This is ultimately reflected in the reduction of the welfare services for migrants across Europe, reinforced by the penetration of extreme right discourses into mainstream politics, processes of criminalisation of migration and the commodification of migrant workers. Grounded on an ethnographic study of the asylum reception system in Spain, this chapter exposes and debates the inherent racism that tints the welfare system in Spain, which contributes to foster the legal and social exclusion and welfare dependency of asylum .
Migraciones. Publicación del Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones
Desde la tradición etnográfica de la antropología y cimentado en 41 entrevistas en profundidad y ... more Desde la tradición etnográfica de la antropología y cimentado en 41 entrevistas en profundidad y observación participante con trabajadores de primera línea del sistema de recepción, este texto explora la articulación, aplicación y consecuencias de los procesos de externalización del asilo en España. El artículo presenta un análisis en profundidad de las dinámicas de externalización del programa estatal de acogida para protección internacional, con la creación de un sistema de recepción extendido. Explorando el trabajo diario de las personas que trabajan en el sistema público de recepción bajo la lente etnográfica, se evidencia cómo las modificaciones del sistema no dan respuesta a sus disfuncionalidades, sino que, contrariamente, contribuyen a los procesos de disipación de responsabilidad a través de la externalización a entidades del tercer sector, reforzando un modelo de recepción basado en la caridad en lugar de en el derecho.
Victim support entails one of the most intense stress- and trauma-laden interactions faced by law... more Victim support entails one of the most intense stress- and trauma-laden interactions faced by law enforcement professionals, and this function or role frequently triggers long-lasting negative effects on officers’ psychological health and wellbeing. As police officers interact daily with victims, but also with other officers, social services, and institutions, the limits between tasks and needs may directly affect how they manage stress, trauma, and notions of individual and organisational responsibility. As such, boundary work may be a useful framework to understand and even improve how victim support police officers interact with other individuals and organisations. Drawing from a ground-breaking qualitative, in-depth research with police officers that provide support to victims of gender-based and domestic violence, this paper analyses conscious and unconscious boundaries as key elements in the officers’ wellbeing. Informed by the empirical findings of a case study of Catalonia's Mossos d’Esquadra police corps, this paper explores how victim support officers negotiate their individual and organisational boundaries as they interact with other agents and institutions, and how these negotiations affect them. This paper argues for the relevance of an officer's agency and discretion for distinguishing between conscious and unconscious boundaries, as their limits may be blurred throughout the wide range of interactions.
Migration and Torture in Today’s World, Jan 9, 2023
Whilst torture is an age-old phenomenon, prevalent in Western societies since the oldest availabl... more Whilst torture is an age-old phenomenon, prevalent in Western societies since the oldest available records, the twentieth century brought about significant transformations in its conceptualisation. Torture remains the subject of complex and controversial debates, both from academic, political, and legal approaches. Dwelling on the current problematisations of this concept that recognises torture within the logic of its social production, this text explores the connection – and its omission – between State violence and torture against migrants. The chapter examines the case of the Spanish State’s failure to protect migrant victims of torture’s rights, as well as the physical aggression at borders, by which migrants are subjected to different forms of violence by the migration control apparatus.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
The victims of anti-LGBT hate crimes may have particularly negative experiences which affect thei... more The victims of anti-LGBT hate crimes may have particularly negative experiences which affect their mental health and wellbeing. These incidents affect the victims’ self-esteem, dignity and identity, and they also affect indirect victims in similar ways. As opposed to retributive justice, restorative justice may offer a more satisfactory justice experience for those affected, by addressing the harm caused to them. This is due to the fact that restorative processes require flexibility, adequacy and tailor-made design. Drawing on findings from a multi-site qualitative study conducted in six European countries, this article discusses the perceptions and experiences of key professionals regarding the potential of restorative justice to provide for victims of anti-LGBT hate crimes, particularly in relation to repairing the individual and collective harm caused by such crimes.
Whilst debates on sexual diversity in public space have been extensive, these have tended to focu... more Whilst debates on sexual diversity in public space have been extensive, these have tended to focus on large cities as the environments within which to analyse sexual and gender diversity, gradually consolidating an intrinsic relationship between the LGBTQ experience and the big city. This emphasis has led to the LGBTQ experiences of small and medium-sized cities being overlooked, neglecting the complexity of the intersection between the urban and the sex-gender. Grounded on an original ethnographic work, this paper explores the experiences of LGBTQ people living in two medium-sized cities in Spain: Girona and Sabadell, to analyse the interrelationships between these cities and Barcelona as their main LGBTQ-friendly reference; and the perceptions of tolerance and hostility towards LGBTQ expressions in public spheres. The paper reveals that all cities are shaped by sexualized discourses and experiences, and argues that the experiences of LGBTQ people in medium-sized cities needs to be recognised to understand the influence of space in shaping the sexgender experiences.
Providing face-to-face support to victims entails one the most intense stress- and trauma-laden e... more Providing face-to-face support to victims entails one the most intense stress- and trauma-laden exchanges of law enforcement tasks, which frequently triggers long lasting negative effects on police officer’s psychological wellbeing. When exploring this phenomenon, police resilience is often interpreted as police officers’ and organization’s capacity to react and recover from negative experiences and impediments, and as such it may be perceived as both a trait and a trainable and promotable skill. Yet, in very recent times, police resilience has faced new or transformed challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as victims, citizens, and public institutions have encountered new needs and situations. Drawing from a unique qualitative, in-depth research with police officers that provide support to victims of gender-based and domestic violence, this paper analyzes officers’ needs and challenges regarding their interactions with victims, colleagues, superiors, and other occupational demand...
Cet article analyse le processus d’obtention de droits LGBT+ en Espagne depuis la fin de la dicta... more Cet article analyse le processus d’obtention de droits LGBT+ en Espagne depuis la fin de la dictature franquiste jusqu’a nos jours, en accordant une attention particuliere aux opinions et aux experiences de ses protagonistes. Des donnees extraites d’entretiens approfondis menes aupres de personnes LGBT+ qui resident et/ou travaillent dans la ville de Sabadell (Catalogne) y sont analysees. En Espagne, comme dans la plupart des pays occidentaux, les organisations LGBT+ ayant une plus grande capacite d’influence abandonnent les revendications revolutionnaires contre le systeme socio-sexuel, pour adopter un discours plus modere base sur les droits civils et l’acceptation sociale. Cependant, dans ce pays, les organisations et discours d’essence plus radicale, aujourd’hui inspires des theories queer, ont toujours ete actifs et sont parvenus a un changement socio-politique important avec la depathologisation de l’aide aux personnes transgenres. L’article defend la necessite de ne pas abandonner la critique de notre systeme de sexe/genre au benefice de l’inclusion et de la tolerance sociales, seule facon de contrer la violence quotidienne, symbolique et structurelle.
Christina Hollomey, Alfred Wöger (ICMPD); Maren Borkert (University of Vienna), Maegan Hendow and... more Christina Hollomey, Alfred Wöger (ICMPD); Maren Borkert (University of Vienna), Maegan Hendow and Madalina Rogoz (ICMPD); Blanka Tollarová (MKC); Claudia Lechner (efms); Olga Jubany, Berta Güell and Róisín Davis (University of Barcelona); Emanuela Dalmasso (University of Turin); P.W.A. Scholten, Han Entzinger (Erasmus University Rotterdam) and Sawitri Saharso (University of Twente); Brigitte Suter (MIM); Elena Vacchelli, Eleonore Kofman and Alessio D’Angelo (Middlesex University)
Labour precariousness, notably manifested in the loss of formal jobs, stagnation of wages and lab... more Labour precariousness, notably manifested in the loss of formal jobs, stagnation of wages and labour uncertainty, has increased on a global scale. Previous explanations for precariousness have focused on flexible models of production, yet this approach has tended to overlook the fact that precariousness forms a part of modern colonial capitalism and gender identity. Based on the results of an empirical, ground-breaking ethnographic research, this paper analyses the stratification of productive tasks on a global scale, from the system of gender hierarchies, racialization and stratification leading to the exploitation and precariousness of workers. The arguments put forward are endorsed through the experiences of Mexican women who travel to the United States and Canada, to work temporarily in the hotel, restaurant and agriculture sectors. This analysis reveals how women workers in particular are constructed and instituted as a racialized surplus, allowing employers to legitimate labour exploitation and perpetuate social hierarchies.
El artículo analiza los distintos sistemas de opresión y privilegios asociados al género, clase u... more El artículo analiza los distintos sistemas de opresión y privilegios asociados al género, clase u origen, experimentados por mujeres que participan en programas de empleo temporal. Los datos empíricos provienen de una investigación etnográfica. La propuesta se sitúa en el reconocimiento de las diferencias entre mujeres, tema de la teoría feminista contemporánea. Nos apoyamos en la interseccionalidad para hacer visible las múltiples discriminaciones que las mujeres perciben en su vida cotidiana; y el cruce de los ejes jerárquicos en el mercado de trabajo internacional.
ABSTRACT The introduction of integration tests on a pre-entry or post-arrival basis has drawn att... more ABSTRACT The introduction of integration tests on a pre-entry or post-arrival basis has drawn attention to changing national integration policies. Yet, at the local level, language and civic culture courses have often been implemented before the development of national programmes. The way these policies came into place and the extent to which they responded to similar challenges has often been overlooked. This article explores the development of these measures in four cities – Stuttgart, Vienna, Barcelona and Turin – to find out which mechanisms account for convergence in policymaking. Integration courses present traits of similarity in their contents and target groups; however, this does not imply a consistent process towards convergence. Local introduction initiatives are the product of local policy arenas, which display different policy frames of migrant integration. On the other hand, new legislation and changes in the available financial resources for integration appear to be crucial factors that trigger divergence.
European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice
Adopting an ethnographic approach, this paper analyses the interpretation, application and conseq... more Adopting an ethnographic approach, this paper analyses the interpretation, application and consequences of the most relevant tool for the protection of victims’ rights in the European Union – the so-called Victims’ Rights Directive (Directive 2012/29/EU). The analysis is grounded on multi-sited fieldwork that includes 106 in-depth interviews with professionals working with victim support in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Italy and Spain. The results unravel the perspectives and experiences of the professionals working on the ground and the uneven implementation of the Directive across the EU and in highly diverse contexts. The analysis shows the tensions and deficits in its implementation that are inseparable from the social construction of the ‘ideal victim’ that informs the prioritising of support. This paper will evidence how the ‘hierarchisation of victims’ is echoed in the unequal transposition and implementation of the Directive throughout the EU, from law enforcement agencies to p...
Xenophobic approaches to social protection have contended that the Welfare State is put at risk b... more Xenophobic approaches to social protection have contended that the Welfare State is put at risk by higher numbers of immigrants, who have been construed as a ‘burden’, rather than as contributors. These discourses rely on hierarchical classifications of humans and citizens to establish a basic distinction between the ‘deserving’ and the ‘underserving’ across gendered, racialised and class lines. This is ultimately reflected in the reduction of the welfare services for migrants across Europe, reinforced by the penetration of extreme right discourses into mainstream politics, processes of criminalisation of migration and the commodification of migrant workers. Grounded on an ethnographic study of the asylum reception system in Spain, this chapter exposes and debates the inherent racism that tints the welfare system in Spain, which contributes to foster the legal and social exclusion and welfare dependency of asylum .
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Papers by Olga Jubany