Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jun 2, 2023
This study evaluated the effectiveness of three (3) different scale inhibitors from locally sourc... more This study evaluated the effectiveness of three (3) different scale inhibitors from locally sourced materials, raffia palm gum exudates and orange mesocarp in reducing the levels of various ion, while the performance of these materials was compared against a commercial grade inhibitor. The three different scale inhibitors were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing the levels of various ions at different concentrations. A GC-MSD and GC-FID analysis was done on the raffia exudate and commercial scale inhibitors The GC-FID chromatograms indicated that the raffia exudate n-alkanes carbon atom ranged from C17-C36 while the commercial carbon atoms ranged from C14-C40 and the GC MSD indicated that the samples are predominantly n-alkanes at MZ 57 but the commercial had presence of Terpenes at MZ 191 (Biomarker which is resistance to degradation at 32mins). The GCMSD of the orange mesocarp shows major compound at RT 2.619 16.78% acetic acid, RT 6.328 30.06% butyl esther and RT 9.272 8.71% Hexadecenoic acid. The local scale inhibitor was more effective in reducing the levels of magnesium ion, and the Mesocarp orange scale inhibitor was relatively effective in reducing the levels of bicarbonate and calcium ions. The choice of scale inhibitor will depend on the specific water system and the type and level of scaling that needs to be prevented.
Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials, Nov 19, 2013
D ual chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) with saline catholyte was used in laboratory scale study ... more D ual chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) with saline catholyte was used in laboratory scale study on the effect of Proton exchange membrane (PEM) diameter on energy output. Two different agar-agar salt-bridges PEM of diameters 1/2inche and 1inch were used in a plastic Microbial fuel cell unit with electrodes manufactured to the same dimensions (area of 1.33×10-2 m 2). Brewery waste water was used as the substrate, with its microorganism as the biocatalyst. The cells were operated at room temperature and pH of 7.0±0.3. The cells were operated for 21days while the performance was monitored every three days. The setup of 1/2inche PEM produced the maximum voltage of 47mV between the 13 th and the 15 th day while the MFC units with a 1inch PEM produce maximum voltage of 57mV between the 19 th and the 21day. The over potential in the MFC with 1inch was reduced with large proton transfer space giving the unit a better performance
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jul 30, 2022
Amylase enzymes are used in a variety of industries. Palm wine was screened for amylase producing... more Amylase enzymes are used in a variety of industries. Palm wine was screened for amylase producing microorganisms by starch iodine method. Isolate PW4 was discovered to be the most effective isolate and was identified as Bacillus cereus PW4 (OK384566) by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The one-variable-at-a-time strategy was used to optimize α-amylase production parameters, including pH, temperature, incubation duration, inoculum volume, nitrogen source, and metal ion as factors. The enzyme activity was increased to 141.91 U/ml (5.8-fold) in the optimized medium (pH 7, 35 °C, 72 h, 3 % inoculums, 1 % NH4NO3 and 1 % FeCl3) from 24.0 U/ml in the un-optimized medium. Data of the optimal condition will aid in the scaling up of amylase production and other industrial activities.
Public concerns about climate change, air pollution, water quality and rising energy consumption ... more Public concerns about climate change, air pollution, water quality and rising energy consumption have place pressure on producers and industry to reduce emissions and promote pollution-free sources of energy. One of the most generally available sources of renewable energy is biogas; hence, this study on kinetic modeling of the biogas composition was carried out at ambient condition for a period of 30 days to supplement energy requirements in farms and houses. The substrates, cow dung and organic kitchen waste were co-digested at different ratios for biogas production at laboratory scale. The digesters substrate had 3300g of feed each with varying ratios of 70:30 (Sample A), 50:50 (Sample B), 40:60 (Sample C), and 30:70 (Sample D) of cow dung to organic kitchen waste respectively. A biogas analyzer was used for the measurement of gas composition, biodigester operating parameter were measured using a multi-meter, while gas volume was obtained using calibrated floating drum. The model showed polynomial correlation as best fit using the R 2 method.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, Mar 8, 2017
The experimental study was undertaken to assess the combustion characteristic of binder-less briq... more The experimental study was undertaken to assess the combustion characteristic of binder-less briquettes produced from waste paper and groundnut shell. Briquettes were manufactured using a manual briquetting machine using five waste paper and groundnut shells mixing ratios i.e.50:50, 60:40; 70:30; 80:20 and 90:10. Combustion characteristics investigated were ignition time, burning time, density, moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon, calorific values. The values of ash content ranged from 1.27%-1.07%, the percentage volatile matter ranged from 42.87%-87.87%, the percentage fixed carbon ranged from 55.86%-11.06%, the heat value of the briquettes ranged from 33536.77J/Kg-33228.62J/Kg. The results show that waste paper and groundnut shell up to 20% in composition of the briquettes were found to have good combustion characteristics which qualify them as alternative to firewood for domestic and industrial energy. Further studies should be made on the ultimate analysis of briquettes
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Oct 30, 2022
This is an experimental study on produced biogas volume and volume from co-digestion of cow dung ... more This is an experimental study on produced biogas volume and volume from co-digestion of cow dung and food waste. This study was carried out at ambient condition. A gas meter was used for the measurement of gas composition, biodigester operating parameter were measured using a multi meter while gas volume was obtained from the observation of the floating drum. Four floating drum digesters were used for the experiment. The digesters held 3300 g of feed each with varying ratios of 70:30 (Sample A), 50:50 (Sample B), 40:60 (Sample C), and 30:70 (Sample D) of cow dung to kitchen waste respectively. The dilution ratio was 1:3 of feed to water which had a retention time of 30 days. The gas composition (CH4, CO, CO2, H2S), substrate pH and temperature were monitored to observe the changes. The results gotten were graphed and tabulated. The gas gotten from the biogas burnt which shows that the biodigesters produced methane (CH4) of more than 40% of the gas composition at certain points during the retention time.
This is an experimental study on produced biogas volume and volume from co-digestion of cow dung ... more This is an experimental study on produced biogas volume and volume from co-digestion of cow dung and food waste. This study was carried out at ambient condition. A gas meter was used for the measurement of gas composition, biodigester operating parameter were measured using a multi meter while gas volume was obtained from the observation of the floating drum. Four floating drum digesters were used for the experiment. The digesters held 3300 g of feed each with varying ratios of 70:30 (Sample A), 50:50 (Sample B), 40:60 (Sample C), and 30:70 (Sample D) of cow dung to kitchen waste respectively. The dilution ratio was 1:3 of feed to water which had a retention time of 30 days. The gas composition (CH4, CO, CO2, H2S), substrate pH and temperature were monitored to observe the changes. The results gotten were graphed and tabulated. The gas gotten from the biogas burnt which shows that the biodigesters produced methane (CH4) of more than 40% of the gas composition at certain points during the retention time.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jul 30, 2022
The research was aimed at isolation and characterization of α-amylase producing microorganisms. P... more The research was aimed at isolation and characterization of α-amylase producing microorganisms. Palm wine and soil samples and cassava processing wastewater were obtained from cassava processing sites in Port-Harcourt, River state, Nigeria. A total of 12 isolates comprising of 7 bacterial and 5 fungal strains respectively were obtained. After screening using starch hydrolysis, only 3 bacterial and 2 fungal strain displayed amylase activity. The 3 bacterial isolates, FS-10, PW-4, and PW-1 were identified as Gram-positive rods microscopically while the fungal strains SGA and SGB was identified as a mold through macroscopic examination. Quantification of amylase production showed that FS-10 had the highest amylase activity with 49.88 U/ml closely followed by PW-4 with 49.50 U/ml while the fungus SGB had the least enzyme activity with 10.57 U/ml. Amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and the ITS region of the bacterial and fungal isolates respectively was used to identify the isolates. FS-10 was identified as Bacillus flexus (MW522619), PW-4 was identified as Bacillus cereus (OK384566) and SGA as Aspergillus aculeatus (MW577297). The isolates can be used for industrial production of α-amylase.
Amylase enzymes are used in a variety of industries. Palm wine was screened for amylase producing... more Amylase enzymes are used in a variety of industries. Palm wine was screened for amylase producing microorganisms by starch iodine method. Isolate PW4 was discovered to be the most effective isolate and was identified as Bacillus cereus PW4 (OK384566) by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The one-variable-at-a-time strategy was used to optimize α-amylase production parameters, including pH, temperature, incubation duration, inoculum volume, nitrogen source, and metal ion as factors. The enzyme activity was increased to 141.91 U/ml (5.8-fold) in the optimized medium (pH 7, 35 °C, 72 h, 3 % inoculums, 1 % NH4NO3 and 1 % FeCl3) from 24.0 U/ml in the un-optimized medium. Data of the optimal condition will aid in the scaling up of amylase production and other industrial activities.
Greener Journal of Biochemisty and Biotechnology, 2014
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are typically designed as a two-chamber system with the bacteria in t... more Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are typically designed as a two-chamber system with the bacteria in the anode chamber separated from the cathode chamber by a polymeric proton exchange membrane (PEM). Most MFCs use aqueous cathodes where water is exposed to air to provide dissolved oxygen to electrode. To increase energy output and reduce the cost of Microbial Fuel Cells, charcoal electrode (locally prepared) at the composition of 2:1 charcoal/cement ratio was used. Ammonia fertilizer plant liquid effluent was used as the substrate, while the bacteria present in the wastewater were used as the biocatalyst. The cells were operated at room temperature with pH of 6.68. The anode and cathode chambers were kept under anaerobic and aerobic conditions respectively. The cell 3 setup with electrode area of 3.63×10-3 m 2 was observed to have the highest power density of 134.5455mW/m 2 and current density of 181.8182mA/m 2 while cell 4 setup with electrode area of 3.63×10-3 m 2 was observed to have the least power density of 108.9807mW/m 2 and current density of 126.7218mA/m 2 .
JOURNAL OF THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
Baryte serves as raw materials in the petroleum and chemical industries for production of several... more Baryte serves as raw materials in the petroleum and chemical industries for production of several end-products. Its applications are based on its physiochemical and mineralogical characteristics. Still, the primary use of baryte is as a weighting agent for oil drilling operations. In spite of Nigeria’s huge baryte reserves, the multinational oil companies operating in Nigeria neglect its use on the grounds that Nigerian baryte have lower quality compared to imported baryte. This study analyses the physiochemical and mineralogical properties of Azara baryte, located in Nassarawa State, Nigeria. These parameters were examined vis a vis the American Petroleum Institute (API) standards. Results of the XRF analyses reveals that the baryte sample has a BaO content of 8.595%, and SO3 of 7.45%; Thus, equivalent to 15.885% BaSO4 (BaO+SO3). Physiochemical analyses indicate that while the moisture content (0.02), pH (7.2), and metallic contents, were within API specification for drilling, its ...
Oil from bottle gourd seeds were extracted and analyzed. Standard chemical methods by Association... more Oil from bottle gourd seeds were extracted and analyzed. Standard chemical methods by Association of official analytical chemists was used to analyze the physico-chemical properties of the oils extracted. The results obtained by the use of soxhlet apparatus showed percentage yield of 32.24% (w/w) and specific gravity of 0.84. Moisture content, peroxide value, saponification value, iodine value and acid value were 10.91%, 11Meq/Kg, 185MgKOH/g, 39.84gI2/100g and 2.7mg/KOHg respectively. These values are within range of already known seed oils. Thus, oil from Bottle gourd seed can be a good substitute for already known fat and oil for both domestic and industrial purposes. KEYWORD: Bottle gourd Seed, Extraction, Characterization, Fat and Oil, physico-chemical INTRODUCTION Oils from plant and animal sources are in high demand due to their dermatological and other therapeutic usage. Seed and vegetable oils can be broadly classified under essential oils and carrier oils (Oboh and Aluyor 2...
The need for ethanol optimization from locally sourced material like cassava informed the use of ... more The need for ethanol optimization from locally sourced material like cassava informed the use of cassava samples to produce ethanol. Two sets of microorganisms were used for cassava fermentation: Yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) obtained from fresh palm wine and zymomonasmobis obtained from decaying oranges. A combination of both the yeast and zymomonasmobis was also prepared as a single solution. The organisms were inoculated into the cassava starch substrate to enhance fermentation for six days. The quantities of starch that were fermented ranged from 5g-25g and the highest volume of ethanol produced was 25cm 3 when 10g of starch was inoculated with zymomonasmobis. Distillation was used to determine the volume of ethanol that was produced. The densities obtained were compared to the density of standard ethanol and the results obtained agreed with the specification of standard ethanol. Design and model equations for ethanol production optimization were developed and the results obtained correlated with the experimental results.
This paper investigated the microbiological quality of the sachet water produced and sold in Obud... more This paper investigated the microbiological quality of the sachet water produced and sold in Obudu, Bekwarra and Obanlikwu Local Government Areas of Cross River State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty sachets from forty brands of sachet waters were collected daily for fourteen days and evaluated for microbial content. In all the Local Areas investigated, the total coliform count, faecal coliform count, and E. coli were well above regulated limits of the World Health Organization, with the highest of these values being 39 9.54, 21 6.23, 7 2.59 respectively. Keywords : E. coli, coliform, faecal count, sachet water.
Oil and grease, temperature, pH, and heavy metal concentrations are some of the main quality para... more Oil and grease, temperature, pH, and heavy metal concentrations are some of the main quality parameters used in the regulation of the discharge of oil and gas field produced water to the environment. The use of cheap biological plant materials to selectively remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions is considered a potentially viable alternative to expensive ion-exchange resins and semi-permeable membranes. However, a key requirement for the efficient and cost-effective application of biosorption systems to industrial-scale wastewater treatment is the ability to regenerate and reuse biological sorbents used for the ion uptake. This paper presents a case study of the application of biosorption to sample produced water from an oil field in the Niger Delta. The produced water was characterised for both heavy metal concentration and other quality indices. Using batch adsorption system, with raw and pre-treated sawdust as adsorbent, uptake of heavy metal ions was investigated. The analy...
Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances, 2021
The objective of this research was to optimize the coagulation-flocculation process for abattoir ... more The objective of this research was to optimize the coagulation-flocculation process for abattoir wastewater by utilizing a bio-coagulant derived from Carica Papaya seed (CPS). The bio-coagulant (CPC) was extracted from the Carica Papaya seed using a 2M NaCl solution, and the coagulation-flocculation process was carried out using a bench scale jar test. Applying design expert (13.0.5.0), 23 full factorials with 5 center points, the effects of three factors: coagulant dosage (X1), pH of the wastewater (X2), and temperature (X3) on turbidity reduction efficiency were examined. Applying ANOVA, it was discovered that a linear model best characterizes the process, with a significant p-value of 0.0015, showing that the model is significant. Additionally, the temperature is a significant component in the model, with a p-value of 0.02 indicating that the temperature is statistically significant. A turbidity reduction efficiency of 90.02 % was attained at the optimum conditions of 0.75g/L of ...
A hydraulic scenario was created for a 125,000 BPSD Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) by blending var... more A hydraulic scenario was created for a 125,000 BPSD Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) by blending varying ratios of two crudes; A (33.62 API) and B (25.77 API) while investigating the product yield. The product specifications were implemented using the ASTM D86 95% volume cut point. The maximum allowable blend ratio of A and B for which the CDU process simulation converged was 78/22 vol%. Under this condition, the top and bottom section experienced weeping & weir overloading respectively while maintaining process conditions. To improve column performance, top pump around flowrate was decreased by 25% to mitigate weeping while the furnace outlet temperature was increased from 367.4° C to 370° C to decrease weir loading. This paper shows that refiners can meet the increased demand for heavy ends while keeping naphtha within limits to meet demand in downstream units. Existing columns can also utilize the Aspen Hysys Hydraulic tool for troubleshooting and plant optimization.
Extraction and characterization of carrier oil has been conducted experimentally on coconut, avoc... more Extraction and characterization of carrier oil has been conducted experimentally on coconut, avocado and carrot oil. FTIR scan analysis was carried out on the extracted oil. Also physical and chemical properties of the carrier oils were assessed to evaluate oil quality including Specific gravity, peroxide value, saponification value, acid value and free fatty acid. The result showed all the extracted oils were liquid at room temperature an indication of the presence of oleic acid and linoleic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids. The specific gravities of 0.92, 0.91 and 0.93 for coconut, avocado and carrot oils indicate that each of the oils could be used on commercial scale. The Peroxide value recorded 0.11-0.12 meq/kg which is far below the maximum limits of 1-5 meq/kg and can last for a long time without going rancid. The low saponification values of coconut, avocado and carrot oils of 127.62 meq/kg oil, 120.12 meq/kg oil and 130.47 meq/kg oil respectively indicates that the o...
The study focuses on the evaluation of the impact of acid rain on some common roofing sheets, inc... more The study focuses on the evaluation of the impact of acid rain on some common roofing sheets, including; Stone Coated, Galvanized, 0.55 m and 0.45 mm Long Span , Aluminum/Zinc sheet using simulated acid rain. The simulated acid rain was from four different molar concentrated H2SO4 and HNO3. The parameter used for the evaluation was a weight loss of the roofing sheet over the study period. Gravimetric analysis technique was adopted for the study. At the end of the study, the result obtained showed that for 1 mole solution H2SO4, 0.45 mm long Span recorded the lowest weight loss of 0.43 g, followed by Cameroon zinc with loss of 0.46 g while 0.55 mm long Span recorded 0.63 g. Stone-coated and galvanized sheet melted up before the end of the experiment. 1 mole solution of HNO3 recorded a similar trend with 0.46 g, 0.36 g, 0.47 g and 3.95 g weight loss for 0.55 mm long Span, Cameroon Zinc, 0.45 mm Long Span and stone Coated sheet respectively while Galvanized sheet melted up before the ...
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 2019
Abattoir wastes which are wastes generated during the various operations that are aimed at proces... more Abattoir wastes which are wastes generated during the various operations that are aimed at processing for consumption categorized as solid, liquid or gaseous have the potential to pollute the environment. They are stages in the abattoir operations and the adequacy of the operations is key to healthy products and environment. This study reviews thehandlingstages in an abattoir from animal arrival and temporary storage, stunning/Immobilising, slaughtering/bleeding, skinning, evisceration and Splitting to the roasting and washing operations. The waste handling point was noted to be categorized as solid which consist mainly of bone and compostable material, Liquid waste which include wash water, intestinal fluid and blood and the gaseous waste that includes emission due to the use of fuel for roasting of skin which is used in meals in parts of West Africa. Research on the alternative use of waste from the various abattoir wastes has been suggested in the study. The application of liquid waste and the part of solid waste for biogas production and purification (using charred bone) and deploying of the biogas as fuel for the roasting operation.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jun 2, 2023
This study evaluated the effectiveness of three (3) different scale inhibitors from locally sourc... more This study evaluated the effectiveness of three (3) different scale inhibitors from locally sourced materials, raffia palm gum exudates and orange mesocarp in reducing the levels of various ion, while the performance of these materials was compared against a commercial grade inhibitor. The three different scale inhibitors were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing the levels of various ions at different concentrations. A GC-MSD and GC-FID analysis was done on the raffia exudate and commercial scale inhibitors The GC-FID chromatograms indicated that the raffia exudate n-alkanes carbon atom ranged from C17-C36 while the commercial carbon atoms ranged from C14-C40 and the GC MSD indicated that the samples are predominantly n-alkanes at MZ 57 but the commercial had presence of Terpenes at MZ 191 (Biomarker which is resistance to degradation at 32mins). The GCMSD of the orange mesocarp shows major compound at RT 2.619 16.78% acetic acid, RT 6.328 30.06% butyl esther and RT 9.272 8.71% Hexadecenoic acid. The local scale inhibitor was more effective in reducing the levels of magnesium ion, and the Mesocarp orange scale inhibitor was relatively effective in reducing the levels of bicarbonate and calcium ions. The choice of scale inhibitor will depend on the specific water system and the type and level of scaling that needs to be prevented.
Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials, Nov 19, 2013
D ual chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) with saline catholyte was used in laboratory scale study ... more D ual chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) with saline catholyte was used in laboratory scale study on the effect of Proton exchange membrane (PEM) diameter on energy output. Two different agar-agar salt-bridges PEM of diameters 1/2inche and 1inch were used in a plastic Microbial fuel cell unit with electrodes manufactured to the same dimensions (area of 1.33×10-2 m 2). Brewery waste water was used as the substrate, with its microorganism as the biocatalyst. The cells were operated at room temperature and pH of 7.0±0.3. The cells were operated for 21days while the performance was monitored every three days. The setup of 1/2inche PEM produced the maximum voltage of 47mV between the 13 th and the 15 th day while the MFC units with a 1inch PEM produce maximum voltage of 57mV between the 19 th and the 21day. The over potential in the MFC with 1inch was reduced with large proton transfer space giving the unit a better performance
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jul 30, 2022
Amylase enzymes are used in a variety of industries. Palm wine was screened for amylase producing... more Amylase enzymes are used in a variety of industries. Palm wine was screened for amylase producing microorganisms by starch iodine method. Isolate PW4 was discovered to be the most effective isolate and was identified as Bacillus cereus PW4 (OK384566) by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The one-variable-at-a-time strategy was used to optimize α-amylase production parameters, including pH, temperature, incubation duration, inoculum volume, nitrogen source, and metal ion as factors. The enzyme activity was increased to 141.91 U/ml (5.8-fold) in the optimized medium (pH 7, 35 °C, 72 h, 3 % inoculums, 1 % NH4NO3 and 1 % FeCl3) from 24.0 U/ml in the un-optimized medium. Data of the optimal condition will aid in the scaling up of amylase production and other industrial activities.
Public concerns about climate change, air pollution, water quality and rising energy consumption ... more Public concerns about climate change, air pollution, water quality and rising energy consumption have place pressure on producers and industry to reduce emissions and promote pollution-free sources of energy. One of the most generally available sources of renewable energy is biogas; hence, this study on kinetic modeling of the biogas composition was carried out at ambient condition for a period of 30 days to supplement energy requirements in farms and houses. The substrates, cow dung and organic kitchen waste were co-digested at different ratios for biogas production at laboratory scale. The digesters substrate had 3300g of feed each with varying ratios of 70:30 (Sample A), 50:50 (Sample B), 40:60 (Sample C), and 30:70 (Sample D) of cow dung to organic kitchen waste respectively. A biogas analyzer was used for the measurement of gas composition, biodigester operating parameter were measured using a multi-meter, while gas volume was obtained using calibrated floating drum. The model showed polynomial correlation as best fit using the R 2 method.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, Mar 8, 2017
The experimental study was undertaken to assess the combustion characteristic of binder-less briq... more The experimental study was undertaken to assess the combustion characteristic of binder-less briquettes produced from waste paper and groundnut shell. Briquettes were manufactured using a manual briquetting machine using five waste paper and groundnut shells mixing ratios i.e.50:50, 60:40; 70:30; 80:20 and 90:10. Combustion characteristics investigated were ignition time, burning time, density, moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon, calorific values. The values of ash content ranged from 1.27%-1.07%, the percentage volatile matter ranged from 42.87%-87.87%, the percentage fixed carbon ranged from 55.86%-11.06%, the heat value of the briquettes ranged from 33536.77J/Kg-33228.62J/Kg. The results show that waste paper and groundnut shell up to 20% in composition of the briquettes were found to have good combustion characteristics which qualify them as alternative to firewood for domestic and industrial energy. Further studies should be made on the ultimate analysis of briquettes
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Oct 30, 2022
This is an experimental study on produced biogas volume and volume from co-digestion of cow dung ... more This is an experimental study on produced biogas volume and volume from co-digestion of cow dung and food waste. This study was carried out at ambient condition. A gas meter was used for the measurement of gas composition, biodigester operating parameter were measured using a multi meter while gas volume was obtained from the observation of the floating drum. Four floating drum digesters were used for the experiment. The digesters held 3300 g of feed each with varying ratios of 70:30 (Sample A), 50:50 (Sample B), 40:60 (Sample C), and 30:70 (Sample D) of cow dung to kitchen waste respectively. The dilution ratio was 1:3 of feed to water which had a retention time of 30 days. The gas composition (CH4, CO, CO2, H2S), substrate pH and temperature were monitored to observe the changes. The results gotten were graphed and tabulated. The gas gotten from the biogas burnt which shows that the biodigesters produced methane (CH4) of more than 40% of the gas composition at certain points during the retention time.
This is an experimental study on produced biogas volume and volume from co-digestion of cow dung ... more This is an experimental study on produced biogas volume and volume from co-digestion of cow dung and food waste. This study was carried out at ambient condition. A gas meter was used for the measurement of gas composition, biodigester operating parameter were measured using a multi meter while gas volume was obtained from the observation of the floating drum. Four floating drum digesters were used for the experiment. The digesters held 3300 g of feed each with varying ratios of 70:30 (Sample A), 50:50 (Sample B), 40:60 (Sample C), and 30:70 (Sample D) of cow dung to kitchen waste respectively. The dilution ratio was 1:3 of feed to water which had a retention time of 30 days. The gas composition (CH4, CO, CO2, H2S), substrate pH and temperature were monitored to observe the changes. The results gotten were graphed and tabulated. The gas gotten from the biogas burnt which shows that the biodigesters produced methane (CH4) of more than 40% of the gas composition at certain points during the retention time.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jul 30, 2022
The research was aimed at isolation and characterization of α-amylase producing microorganisms. P... more The research was aimed at isolation and characterization of α-amylase producing microorganisms. Palm wine and soil samples and cassava processing wastewater were obtained from cassava processing sites in Port-Harcourt, River state, Nigeria. A total of 12 isolates comprising of 7 bacterial and 5 fungal strains respectively were obtained. After screening using starch hydrolysis, only 3 bacterial and 2 fungal strain displayed amylase activity. The 3 bacterial isolates, FS-10, PW-4, and PW-1 were identified as Gram-positive rods microscopically while the fungal strains SGA and SGB was identified as a mold through macroscopic examination. Quantification of amylase production showed that FS-10 had the highest amylase activity with 49.88 U/ml closely followed by PW-4 with 49.50 U/ml while the fungus SGB had the least enzyme activity with 10.57 U/ml. Amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and the ITS region of the bacterial and fungal isolates respectively was used to identify the isolates. FS-10 was identified as Bacillus flexus (MW522619), PW-4 was identified as Bacillus cereus (OK384566) and SGA as Aspergillus aculeatus (MW577297). The isolates can be used for industrial production of α-amylase.
Amylase enzymes are used in a variety of industries. Palm wine was screened for amylase producing... more Amylase enzymes are used in a variety of industries. Palm wine was screened for amylase producing microorganisms by starch iodine method. Isolate PW4 was discovered to be the most effective isolate and was identified as Bacillus cereus PW4 (OK384566) by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The one-variable-at-a-time strategy was used to optimize α-amylase production parameters, including pH, temperature, incubation duration, inoculum volume, nitrogen source, and metal ion as factors. The enzyme activity was increased to 141.91 U/ml (5.8-fold) in the optimized medium (pH 7, 35 °C, 72 h, 3 % inoculums, 1 % NH4NO3 and 1 % FeCl3) from 24.0 U/ml in the un-optimized medium. Data of the optimal condition will aid in the scaling up of amylase production and other industrial activities.
Greener Journal of Biochemisty and Biotechnology, 2014
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are typically designed as a two-chamber system with the bacteria in t... more Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are typically designed as a two-chamber system with the bacteria in the anode chamber separated from the cathode chamber by a polymeric proton exchange membrane (PEM). Most MFCs use aqueous cathodes where water is exposed to air to provide dissolved oxygen to electrode. To increase energy output and reduce the cost of Microbial Fuel Cells, charcoal electrode (locally prepared) at the composition of 2:1 charcoal/cement ratio was used. Ammonia fertilizer plant liquid effluent was used as the substrate, while the bacteria present in the wastewater were used as the biocatalyst. The cells were operated at room temperature with pH of 6.68. The anode and cathode chambers were kept under anaerobic and aerobic conditions respectively. The cell 3 setup with electrode area of 3.63×10-3 m 2 was observed to have the highest power density of 134.5455mW/m 2 and current density of 181.8182mA/m 2 while cell 4 setup with electrode area of 3.63×10-3 m 2 was observed to have the least power density of 108.9807mW/m 2 and current density of 126.7218mA/m 2 .
JOURNAL OF THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
Baryte serves as raw materials in the petroleum and chemical industries for production of several... more Baryte serves as raw materials in the petroleum and chemical industries for production of several end-products. Its applications are based on its physiochemical and mineralogical characteristics. Still, the primary use of baryte is as a weighting agent for oil drilling operations. In spite of Nigeria’s huge baryte reserves, the multinational oil companies operating in Nigeria neglect its use on the grounds that Nigerian baryte have lower quality compared to imported baryte. This study analyses the physiochemical and mineralogical properties of Azara baryte, located in Nassarawa State, Nigeria. These parameters were examined vis a vis the American Petroleum Institute (API) standards. Results of the XRF analyses reveals that the baryte sample has a BaO content of 8.595%, and SO3 of 7.45%; Thus, equivalent to 15.885% BaSO4 (BaO+SO3). Physiochemical analyses indicate that while the moisture content (0.02), pH (7.2), and metallic contents, were within API specification for drilling, its ...
Oil from bottle gourd seeds were extracted and analyzed. Standard chemical methods by Association... more Oil from bottle gourd seeds were extracted and analyzed. Standard chemical methods by Association of official analytical chemists was used to analyze the physico-chemical properties of the oils extracted. The results obtained by the use of soxhlet apparatus showed percentage yield of 32.24% (w/w) and specific gravity of 0.84. Moisture content, peroxide value, saponification value, iodine value and acid value were 10.91%, 11Meq/Kg, 185MgKOH/g, 39.84gI2/100g and 2.7mg/KOHg respectively. These values are within range of already known seed oils. Thus, oil from Bottle gourd seed can be a good substitute for already known fat and oil for both domestic and industrial purposes. KEYWORD: Bottle gourd Seed, Extraction, Characterization, Fat and Oil, physico-chemical INTRODUCTION Oils from plant and animal sources are in high demand due to their dermatological and other therapeutic usage. Seed and vegetable oils can be broadly classified under essential oils and carrier oils (Oboh and Aluyor 2...
The need for ethanol optimization from locally sourced material like cassava informed the use of ... more The need for ethanol optimization from locally sourced material like cassava informed the use of cassava samples to produce ethanol. Two sets of microorganisms were used for cassava fermentation: Yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) obtained from fresh palm wine and zymomonasmobis obtained from decaying oranges. A combination of both the yeast and zymomonasmobis was also prepared as a single solution. The organisms were inoculated into the cassava starch substrate to enhance fermentation for six days. The quantities of starch that were fermented ranged from 5g-25g and the highest volume of ethanol produced was 25cm 3 when 10g of starch was inoculated with zymomonasmobis. Distillation was used to determine the volume of ethanol that was produced. The densities obtained were compared to the density of standard ethanol and the results obtained agreed with the specification of standard ethanol. Design and model equations for ethanol production optimization were developed and the results obtained correlated with the experimental results.
This paper investigated the microbiological quality of the sachet water produced and sold in Obud... more This paper investigated the microbiological quality of the sachet water produced and sold in Obudu, Bekwarra and Obanlikwu Local Government Areas of Cross River State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty sachets from forty brands of sachet waters were collected daily for fourteen days and evaluated for microbial content. In all the Local Areas investigated, the total coliform count, faecal coliform count, and E. coli were well above regulated limits of the World Health Organization, with the highest of these values being 39 9.54, 21 6.23, 7 2.59 respectively. Keywords : E. coli, coliform, faecal count, sachet water.
Oil and grease, temperature, pH, and heavy metal concentrations are some of the main quality para... more Oil and grease, temperature, pH, and heavy metal concentrations are some of the main quality parameters used in the regulation of the discharge of oil and gas field produced water to the environment. The use of cheap biological plant materials to selectively remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions is considered a potentially viable alternative to expensive ion-exchange resins and semi-permeable membranes. However, a key requirement for the efficient and cost-effective application of biosorption systems to industrial-scale wastewater treatment is the ability to regenerate and reuse biological sorbents used for the ion uptake. This paper presents a case study of the application of biosorption to sample produced water from an oil field in the Niger Delta. The produced water was characterised for both heavy metal concentration and other quality indices. Using batch adsorption system, with raw and pre-treated sawdust as adsorbent, uptake of heavy metal ions was investigated. The analy...
Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances, 2021
The objective of this research was to optimize the coagulation-flocculation process for abattoir ... more The objective of this research was to optimize the coagulation-flocculation process for abattoir wastewater by utilizing a bio-coagulant derived from Carica Papaya seed (CPS). The bio-coagulant (CPC) was extracted from the Carica Papaya seed using a 2M NaCl solution, and the coagulation-flocculation process was carried out using a bench scale jar test. Applying design expert (13.0.5.0), 23 full factorials with 5 center points, the effects of three factors: coagulant dosage (X1), pH of the wastewater (X2), and temperature (X3) on turbidity reduction efficiency were examined. Applying ANOVA, it was discovered that a linear model best characterizes the process, with a significant p-value of 0.0015, showing that the model is significant. Additionally, the temperature is a significant component in the model, with a p-value of 0.02 indicating that the temperature is statistically significant. A turbidity reduction efficiency of 90.02 % was attained at the optimum conditions of 0.75g/L of ...
A hydraulic scenario was created for a 125,000 BPSD Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) by blending var... more A hydraulic scenario was created for a 125,000 BPSD Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) by blending varying ratios of two crudes; A (33.62 API) and B (25.77 API) while investigating the product yield. The product specifications were implemented using the ASTM D86 95% volume cut point. The maximum allowable blend ratio of A and B for which the CDU process simulation converged was 78/22 vol%. Under this condition, the top and bottom section experienced weeping & weir overloading respectively while maintaining process conditions. To improve column performance, top pump around flowrate was decreased by 25% to mitigate weeping while the furnace outlet temperature was increased from 367.4° C to 370° C to decrease weir loading. This paper shows that refiners can meet the increased demand for heavy ends while keeping naphtha within limits to meet demand in downstream units. Existing columns can also utilize the Aspen Hysys Hydraulic tool for troubleshooting and plant optimization.
Extraction and characterization of carrier oil has been conducted experimentally on coconut, avoc... more Extraction and characterization of carrier oil has been conducted experimentally on coconut, avocado and carrot oil. FTIR scan analysis was carried out on the extracted oil. Also physical and chemical properties of the carrier oils were assessed to evaluate oil quality including Specific gravity, peroxide value, saponification value, acid value and free fatty acid. The result showed all the extracted oils were liquid at room temperature an indication of the presence of oleic acid and linoleic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids. The specific gravities of 0.92, 0.91 and 0.93 for coconut, avocado and carrot oils indicate that each of the oils could be used on commercial scale. The Peroxide value recorded 0.11-0.12 meq/kg which is far below the maximum limits of 1-5 meq/kg and can last for a long time without going rancid. The low saponification values of coconut, avocado and carrot oils of 127.62 meq/kg oil, 120.12 meq/kg oil and 130.47 meq/kg oil respectively indicates that the o...
The study focuses on the evaluation of the impact of acid rain on some common roofing sheets, inc... more The study focuses on the evaluation of the impact of acid rain on some common roofing sheets, including; Stone Coated, Galvanized, 0.55 m and 0.45 mm Long Span , Aluminum/Zinc sheet using simulated acid rain. The simulated acid rain was from four different molar concentrated H2SO4 and HNO3. The parameter used for the evaluation was a weight loss of the roofing sheet over the study period. Gravimetric analysis technique was adopted for the study. At the end of the study, the result obtained showed that for 1 mole solution H2SO4, 0.45 mm long Span recorded the lowest weight loss of 0.43 g, followed by Cameroon zinc with loss of 0.46 g while 0.55 mm long Span recorded 0.63 g. Stone-coated and galvanized sheet melted up before the end of the experiment. 1 mole solution of HNO3 recorded a similar trend with 0.46 g, 0.36 g, 0.47 g and 3.95 g weight loss for 0.55 mm long Span, Cameroon Zinc, 0.45 mm Long Span and stone Coated sheet respectively while Galvanized sheet melted up before the ...
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 2019
Abattoir wastes which are wastes generated during the various operations that are aimed at proces... more Abattoir wastes which are wastes generated during the various operations that are aimed at processing for consumption categorized as solid, liquid or gaseous have the potential to pollute the environment. They are stages in the abattoir operations and the adequacy of the operations is key to healthy products and environment. This study reviews thehandlingstages in an abattoir from animal arrival and temporary storage, stunning/Immobilising, slaughtering/bleeding, skinning, evisceration and Splitting to the roasting and washing operations. The waste handling point was noted to be categorized as solid which consist mainly of bone and compostable material, Liquid waste which include wash water, intestinal fluid and blood and the gaseous waste that includes emission due to the use of fuel for roasting of skin which is used in meals in parts of West Africa. Research on the alternative use of waste from the various abattoir wastes has been suggested in the study. The application of liquid waste and the part of solid waste for biogas production and purification (using charred bone) and deploying of the biogas as fuel for the roasting operation.
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Papers by Akuma Oji