<p>Results of ordered logistic regression of the predictors of physical health of older per... more <p>Results of ordered logistic regression of the predictors of physical health of older persons.</p
Charcoal and firewood contribute to greenhouse gas emissions in rural and urban areas. Although t... more Charcoal and firewood contribute to greenhouse gas emissions in rural and urban areas. Although there is information about energy types used for cooking in Kampala urban environment, less is known about the correlates of charcoal and firewood consumption. This study investigated the predictors of charcoal and firewood use for cooking using the 2014 Uganda Census data set. Analysis was conducted on 41,250 households in Kampala City. Multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to predict charcoal and firewood use. Findings indicate that older household heads were more likely to use firewood than their younger counterparts. Charcoal and firewood were more likely to be used in households whose household heads were females, married and formerly married, and lived in dwelling units with two and more rooms. Conversely, chances of using charcoal and firewood decreased with the level of education, living in detached house and flat, and residing in shelter with cement screed or tile/conc...
Extensive research has been conducted on diverse socio-demographic issues such as child and mater... more Extensive research has been conducted on diverse socio-demographic issues such as child and maternal mortality in Uganda but the contribution of older persons to their households and communities has been comparatively under-investigated. This article bridges the gap by discussing prevalence and determinants of the value of persons aged sixty and above in the country. Four rural districts were randomly selected while one urban area was purposively chosen in a cross-sectional study conducted from March to April 2012. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on 605 older persons. Engagement in income-generating activities, possession of indigenous knowledge, advice on behaviour norms, role played in social organizations, propagation of cultural norms, dispensing local medicine and providing childcare were all aspects of value studied. Using scaling technique, these eight variables were aggregated into a single total indicator of value, operationally defined as aggregate value. The variable was then dichotomized into low aggregate value and high aggregate value. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse socio-demographic factors predicting high aggregate value. Findings indicate that nearly four in ten older persons had high aggregate value. In comparison with persons of no education, those having primary and secondary or higher education were more likely to have high aggregate value. In comparison with persons who did not own land, those who owned land were more likely to have high aggregate value. Results further indicate that having out-migrated children predicted high aggregate value. In comparison with the Central region of the country, older persons living in the Western, Northern and Kampala regions were more likely to have high aggregate value. The findings have several implications including for the design of later-life socioeconomic programmes, establishment of a special old age fund and increasing learner access and retention rates in the national education system.
The youth constitute a significant proportion (21%) of the total population in Uganda. They face ... more The youth constitute a significant proportion (21%) of the total population in Uganda. They face challenges of unemployment, which forces them to migrate. This creates a high dependency burden since the majority are not employed and are seeking for paid work in both the private and public sectors. Migration is mostly used as a survival strategy to gain meaningful employment. Although a large body of evidence points to looking for employment as a major reason for youth migration, little is known about migrants' perceptions towards starting their own business in Uganda. Drawing on a sample of 1157 youth migrants from a national cross-sectional survey on migration and employment, we seek to examine how perceptions influence job creation. Results from a multinomial logistic regression model pointed to four major findings. First, youth migrants who did not believe that they had the required skills to start a new business were more likely to be unemployed compared to those who believed they had the required skills. Second, the likelihood of being unemployed regular employee or paid worker was less among youth migrants who did not intend to start a new business in the next 1-2 years. Third, youth migrants who did not think it is a good opportunity to start a new business were more likely to be regular employees, and last, the likelihood of being a regular employee or a paid worker was observed to be higher for youth migrants who did not believe they had the required skills to start a new business than their counterparts who thought otherwise. The findings call for promoting positive attitude towards youth enterprise development. We recommend that promotion of entrepreneurship should be emphasised as an important component in solving youth unemployment in Uganda.
A thesis submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training for the award of the Degr... more A thesis submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Population Studies of Makerere University
Mobility difficulty among older persons presents health and transport concerns in Uganda where he... more Mobility difficulty among older persons presents health and transport concerns in Uganda where health and transport systems are still undergoing development. Although some information on later life mobility difficulty exists, less is known about associated risk factors. This study of 605 older persons from 4 rural districts and one urban centre examines socio-demographic determinants of mobility of older persons in Uganda. The findings from a binary logistic regression indicates older persons who were female, uneducated, with no migrant children, with land and lived in thatched houses were more likely to have mobility difficulty than those who were male, more educated, with out-migrant children and landless. It is recommended that an osteoporosis wing be set up in the country’s public health units, age-friendly urban centres be developed and a special old age fund be established.
International Journal of Educational Development, 2021
Abstract This paper explores predictors of accessing secondary education for children in Uganda g... more Abstract This paper explores predictors of accessing secondary education for children in Uganda given the universal secondary education policy of 2007. This is done for; rural Uganda, Kampala and other urban areas given increasing urbanization of rural areas that assumes urban homogeneity in heterogeneous situations. We apply the logit model onto Uganda census data to predict access given individual, household and community variables. We discover that only 22% of children aged 13–18 were enrolled at secondary and that demand and supply related predictors are moderated by the socio-economic status of households to influence schooling outcomes all along the education ladder.
Background Despite its great effectiveness, safety and convenience for women who do not wish to h... more Background Despite its great effectiveness, safety and convenience for women who do not wish to have more children; female sterilization method uptake in Uganda is very low. This study aimed at establishing factors associated with female sterilization uptake in Uganda. Methods Secondary data were sourced from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS). We analyzed all (18,506) women aged 15–49 years who were interviewed in the 2016 UDHS. This sample was categorized into women who were sterilized and those using other modern methods. We used a Chi-square test to measure the association between the current uptake of female sterilization by the women and selected independent variables. Multivariate analysis applied the complimentary log-log model to determine the net effect of selected characteristics on female sterilization uptake in Uganda. Results The overall prevalence of female sterilization among modern contraceptive users was 2%. Female sterilization uptake was highly ...
Fertility among rural women in Uganda continues to decline. Studies on fertility in Uganda have f... more Fertility among rural women in Uganda continues to decline. Studies on fertility in Uganda have focused on the overall fertility in the country. In this study, we focus on determinants of change in fertility among rural women in Uganda using a multivariate Poisson decomposition technique to quantify the contribution of changes in the socioeconomic and demographic composition of women which we also refer to as the characteristic effects and changes in their fertility behavior (the coefficients’ effects or risk of childbearing) to the overall reduction in fertility among women in rural areas during the 2006–2016 period. The “characteristics effects” are used to mean the effect of changing composition of women by the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics between 2006 and 2016. On the other hand, fertility behavior also presented as coefficients’ effects mean changes in the risk or likelihood of giving birth to children by the rural women between the two survey years. Our findin...
Youth internal migration is seen as a solution to youth unemployment, and this has resulted in ov... more Youth internal migration is seen as a solution to youth unemployment, and this has resulted in over urbanization and its associated negative effects such as congestion, pollution, unemployment, underemployment, and increased crime rates. The study aimed at examining the employment status of youth migrants, assessing the relationship between demographic factors and youth internal migration, investigating the association between socio-economic factors and youth internal migration, and evaluating the association between reasons for migration and migrant employment status. The study used secondary data collected in the youth employment and migration in Eastern and Southern Africa project. In Uganda, the project was carried out in nine districts. The study focused on both men and women aged 18-35 years and a total number of 1524 respondents were interviewed. Results of the study revealed that age, residence, and region had a significant association with migration status (p≤0.05). Age, se...
Background: Studies on fertility in Uganda have attributed fertility reduction to a shift in the ... more Background: Studies on fertility in Uganda have attributed fertility reduction to a shift in the overall characteristics of women of reproductive age. It is not clear whether the reduction in fertility is due to changing socioeconomic and demographic characteristics over time or stems from the shifts in the reproductive behavior of women. In this paper we examine how fertility rates have changed between 2006 and 2011 and whether these changes have resulted from changing characteristics or from changing reproductive behavior of women. Methods: Using the 2006 and 2011 Demographic and Health Survey data for Uganda, Multivariate Poisson Decomposition techniques were applied to evaluate observed changes in fertility. Results: Changing characteristics of women aged 15-49 years significantly contributed to the overall change in fertility from 2006 to 2011. The change observed in older age at first marriage was the major contributor to the changes in fertility. The contribution that can be attributed to changes in reproductive behavior was not significant. Conclusions: This study finds that the major contribution to the reduction in fertility between 2006 and 2011 was from increased education and delayed marriage among women. Continued improvement in secondary school completion, will lead to older age at first marriage and will continue to be an important factor in Uganda's declining fertility rates.
ABSTRACTLater-life loneliness is becoming an area of great concern in Uganda in light of gradual ... more ABSTRACTLater-life loneliness is becoming an area of great concern in Uganda in light of gradual weakening of extended family as a source of old-age human support. Although information about the effects of feeling lonely exists, little is known about the associated risk factors within the country's social and cultural setting. This paper discusses prevalence and correlates of feeling lonely among older persons. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on 605 older persons in a 2012 cross-sectional study. Respondents were asked to evaluate how they felt in terms of loneliness during the administration of the questionnaire. A total of ten focus group discussions and 12 key informant interviews were also conducted to collect qualitative data. Binary logistic regression was used to predict factors affecting loneliness. Findings indicate that approximately seven in ten older persons felt lonely. Elderly people residing in the urban area were more likely to b...
The paper discusses the engagement of older persons in income-generating activities in Uganda and... more The paper discusses the engagement of older persons in income-generating activities in Uganda and examines factors that influence this involvement. Analysis is based on primary data collected from four randomly selected districts and one purposefully selected urban area of Uganda. A sample of 605 older males and females is used. Logistic regression is used in the analysis of factors influencing the engagement. Information from Focus Group Discussions and Key Informants is used to supplement the findings of the quantitative results. Findings indicate that relatively younger older persons (60-79) were more likely to be engaged in income-generating activities than their older counterparts (80 and over). In comparison with no education, older persons with primary and higher education were more likely to be engaged in income-generation. The elderly who owned any means of transport and domestic animals were more likely to be engaged in income-generation than those who did not own any transport facility and domestic livestock respectively. The elderly with feet joint ill-health were less likely to be involved in income-generation than their counterparts without such health challenge. The conclusion is that age, education, feet health status and ownership of domestic livestock and transport facility influenced engagement in income-generating activities.
<p>Results of ordered logistic regression of the predictors of physical health of older per... more <p>Results of ordered logistic regression of the predictors of physical health of older persons.</p
Charcoal and firewood contribute to greenhouse gas emissions in rural and urban areas. Although t... more Charcoal and firewood contribute to greenhouse gas emissions in rural and urban areas. Although there is information about energy types used for cooking in Kampala urban environment, less is known about the correlates of charcoal and firewood consumption. This study investigated the predictors of charcoal and firewood use for cooking using the 2014 Uganda Census data set. Analysis was conducted on 41,250 households in Kampala City. Multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to predict charcoal and firewood use. Findings indicate that older household heads were more likely to use firewood than their younger counterparts. Charcoal and firewood were more likely to be used in households whose household heads were females, married and formerly married, and lived in dwelling units with two and more rooms. Conversely, chances of using charcoal and firewood decreased with the level of education, living in detached house and flat, and residing in shelter with cement screed or tile/conc...
Extensive research has been conducted on diverse socio-demographic issues such as child and mater... more Extensive research has been conducted on diverse socio-demographic issues such as child and maternal mortality in Uganda but the contribution of older persons to their households and communities has been comparatively under-investigated. This article bridges the gap by discussing prevalence and determinants of the value of persons aged sixty and above in the country. Four rural districts were randomly selected while one urban area was purposively chosen in a cross-sectional study conducted from March to April 2012. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on 605 older persons. Engagement in income-generating activities, possession of indigenous knowledge, advice on behaviour norms, role played in social organizations, propagation of cultural norms, dispensing local medicine and providing childcare were all aspects of value studied. Using scaling technique, these eight variables were aggregated into a single total indicator of value, operationally defined as aggregate value. The variable was then dichotomized into low aggregate value and high aggregate value. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse socio-demographic factors predicting high aggregate value. Findings indicate that nearly four in ten older persons had high aggregate value. In comparison with persons of no education, those having primary and secondary or higher education were more likely to have high aggregate value. In comparison with persons who did not own land, those who owned land were more likely to have high aggregate value. Results further indicate that having out-migrated children predicted high aggregate value. In comparison with the Central region of the country, older persons living in the Western, Northern and Kampala regions were more likely to have high aggregate value. The findings have several implications including for the design of later-life socioeconomic programmes, establishment of a special old age fund and increasing learner access and retention rates in the national education system.
The youth constitute a significant proportion (21%) of the total population in Uganda. They face ... more The youth constitute a significant proportion (21%) of the total population in Uganda. They face challenges of unemployment, which forces them to migrate. This creates a high dependency burden since the majority are not employed and are seeking for paid work in both the private and public sectors. Migration is mostly used as a survival strategy to gain meaningful employment. Although a large body of evidence points to looking for employment as a major reason for youth migration, little is known about migrants' perceptions towards starting their own business in Uganda. Drawing on a sample of 1157 youth migrants from a national cross-sectional survey on migration and employment, we seek to examine how perceptions influence job creation. Results from a multinomial logistic regression model pointed to four major findings. First, youth migrants who did not believe that they had the required skills to start a new business were more likely to be unemployed compared to those who believed they had the required skills. Second, the likelihood of being unemployed regular employee or paid worker was less among youth migrants who did not intend to start a new business in the next 1-2 years. Third, youth migrants who did not think it is a good opportunity to start a new business were more likely to be regular employees, and last, the likelihood of being a regular employee or a paid worker was observed to be higher for youth migrants who did not believe they had the required skills to start a new business than their counterparts who thought otherwise. The findings call for promoting positive attitude towards youth enterprise development. We recommend that promotion of entrepreneurship should be emphasised as an important component in solving youth unemployment in Uganda.
A thesis submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training for the award of the Degr... more A thesis submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Population Studies of Makerere University
Mobility difficulty among older persons presents health and transport concerns in Uganda where he... more Mobility difficulty among older persons presents health and transport concerns in Uganda where health and transport systems are still undergoing development. Although some information on later life mobility difficulty exists, less is known about associated risk factors. This study of 605 older persons from 4 rural districts and one urban centre examines socio-demographic determinants of mobility of older persons in Uganda. The findings from a binary logistic regression indicates older persons who were female, uneducated, with no migrant children, with land and lived in thatched houses were more likely to have mobility difficulty than those who were male, more educated, with out-migrant children and landless. It is recommended that an osteoporosis wing be set up in the country’s public health units, age-friendly urban centres be developed and a special old age fund be established.
International Journal of Educational Development, 2021
Abstract This paper explores predictors of accessing secondary education for children in Uganda g... more Abstract This paper explores predictors of accessing secondary education for children in Uganda given the universal secondary education policy of 2007. This is done for; rural Uganda, Kampala and other urban areas given increasing urbanization of rural areas that assumes urban homogeneity in heterogeneous situations. We apply the logit model onto Uganda census data to predict access given individual, household and community variables. We discover that only 22% of children aged 13–18 were enrolled at secondary and that demand and supply related predictors are moderated by the socio-economic status of households to influence schooling outcomes all along the education ladder.
Background Despite its great effectiveness, safety and convenience for women who do not wish to h... more Background Despite its great effectiveness, safety and convenience for women who do not wish to have more children; female sterilization method uptake in Uganda is very low. This study aimed at establishing factors associated with female sterilization uptake in Uganda. Methods Secondary data were sourced from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS). We analyzed all (18,506) women aged 15–49 years who were interviewed in the 2016 UDHS. This sample was categorized into women who were sterilized and those using other modern methods. We used a Chi-square test to measure the association between the current uptake of female sterilization by the women and selected independent variables. Multivariate analysis applied the complimentary log-log model to determine the net effect of selected characteristics on female sterilization uptake in Uganda. Results The overall prevalence of female sterilization among modern contraceptive users was 2%. Female sterilization uptake was highly ...
Fertility among rural women in Uganda continues to decline. Studies on fertility in Uganda have f... more Fertility among rural women in Uganda continues to decline. Studies on fertility in Uganda have focused on the overall fertility in the country. In this study, we focus on determinants of change in fertility among rural women in Uganda using a multivariate Poisson decomposition technique to quantify the contribution of changes in the socioeconomic and demographic composition of women which we also refer to as the characteristic effects and changes in their fertility behavior (the coefficients’ effects or risk of childbearing) to the overall reduction in fertility among women in rural areas during the 2006–2016 period. The “characteristics effects” are used to mean the effect of changing composition of women by the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics between 2006 and 2016. On the other hand, fertility behavior also presented as coefficients’ effects mean changes in the risk or likelihood of giving birth to children by the rural women between the two survey years. Our findin...
Youth internal migration is seen as a solution to youth unemployment, and this has resulted in ov... more Youth internal migration is seen as a solution to youth unemployment, and this has resulted in over urbanization and its associated negative effects such as congestion, pollution, unemployment, underemployment, and increased crime rates. The study aimed at examining the employment status of youth migrants, assessing the relationship between demographic factors and youth internal migration, investigating the association between socio-economic factors and youth internal migration, and evaluating the association between reasons for migration and migrant employment status. The study used secondary data collected in the youth employment and migration in Eastern and Southern Africa project. In Uganda, the project was carried out in nine districts. The study focused on both men and women aged 18-35 years and a total number of 1524 respondents were interviewed. Results of the study revealed that age, residence, and region had a significant association with migration status (p≤0.05). Age, se...
Background: Studies on fertility in Uganda have attributed fertility reduction to a shift in the ... more Background: Studies on fertility in Uganda have attributed fertility reduction to a shift in the overall characteristics of women of reproductive age. It is not clear whether the reduction in fertility is due to changing socioeconomic and demographic characteristics over time or stems from the shifts in the reproductive behavior of women. In this paper we examine how fertility rates have changed between 2006 and 2011 and whether these changes have resulted from changing characteristics or from changing reproductive behavior of women. Methods: Using the 2006 and 2011 Demographic and Health Survey data for Uganda, Multivariate Poisson Decomposition techniques were applied to evaluate observed changes in fertility. Results: Changing characteristics of women aged 15-49 years significantly contributed to the overall change in fertility from 2006 to 2011. The change observed in older age at first marriage was the major contributor to the changes in fertility. The contribution that can be attributed to changes in reproductive behavior was not significant. Conclusions: This study finds that the major contribution to the reduction in fertility between 2006 and 2011 was from increased education and delayed marriage among women. Continued improvement in secondary school completion, will lead to older age at first marriage and will continue to be an important factor in Uganda's declining fertility rates.
ABSTRACTLater-life loneliness is becoming an area of great concern in Uganda in light of gradual ... more ABSTRACTLater-life loneliness is becoming an area of great concern in Uganda in light of gradual weakening of extended family as a source of old-age human support. Although information about the effects of feeling lonely exists, little is known about the associated risk factors within the country's social and cultural setting. This paper discusses prevalence and correlates of feeling lonely among older persons. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on 605 older persons in a 2012 cross-sectional study. Respondents were asked to evaluate how they felt in terms of loneliness during the administration of the questionnaire. A total of ten focus group discussions and 12 key informant interviews were also conducted to collect qualitative data. Binary logistic regression was used to predict factors affecting loneliness. Findings indicate that approximately seven in ten older persons felt lonely. Elderly people residing in the urban area were more likely to b...
The paper discusses the engagement of older persons in income-generating activities in Uganda and... more The paper discusses the engagement of older persons in income-generating activities in Uganda and examines factors that influence this involvement. Analysis is based on primary data collected from four randomly selected districts and one purposefully selected urban area of Uganda. A sample of 605 older males and females is used. Logistic regression is used in the analysis of factors influencing the engagement. Information from Focus Group Discussions and Key Informants is used to supplement the findings of the quantitative results. Findings indicate that relatively younger older persons (60-79) were more likely to be engaged in income-generating activities than their older counterparts (80 and over). In comparison with no education, older persons with primary and higher education were more likely to be engaged in income-generation. The elderly who owned any means of transport and domestic animals were more likely to be engaged in income-generation than those who did not own any transport facility and domestic livestock respectively. The elderly with feet joint ill-health were less likely to be involved in income-generation than their counterparts without such health challenge. The conclusion is that age, education, feet health status and ownership of domestic livestock and transport facility influenced engagement in income-generating activities.
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Papers by Abel Nzabona