Study was conducted to evaluate the survival and growth potential of genetically male tilapia (GM... more Study was conducted to evaluate the survival and growth potential of genetically male tilapia (GMT) in flow through system under different dietary protein concentrations. The fish was kept in cemented rectangular tanks @ 59 fish fry/ tank in mixed sex (XX/XY) culture system and 27 fish fry/tank in mono sex culture(super males YY). Each treatment group in mixed sex had two replicates while mono sex had one replicate. Artificial feeds containing 30%, 35% and 40% crude protein were applied at 4% fish wet body weight twice a day to mixed sex while 35% and 40% to super males. The results of mixed sex were analyzed using one way ANOVA while mono sex was compared by using t-test. Results of mixed sex indicated significantly higher (P > 0.05) final body weight, net weight gain, percent weight gain in 40% compared to 30% and 35% feeds. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR %) were 1.21 and 4.83, respectively for 30%, and 1.24 and 3.59, respectively for 35% feeds and were significantly different compared to 1.33 and 3.23, respectively, for 40% feed in mixed-sex culture. The survival rate was 43% in 30%, 83% in 35% and 68% in 40% feeds for mixed sex. In the case of mono-sex culture (YY), results indicated significantly higher (P > 0.05) values with 40% feed for final body weight, net weight gain, percent weight gain and SGR compared to that of 35% feed. The FCR values in 40% feed (3.65) was significantly different from that of 35% feed (4.74). Survival rate of YY was 100% in 35%, while 81% in 40% feed. In conclusion mono sex (YY) GMT fry outperformed than mixed sex under both treatments of 35% and 40% crude protein in flow through system.
Irrigation canal simulation models are representations of physical irrigation systems in computer... more Irrigation canal simulation models are representations of physical irrigation systems in computer which can be calibrated to simulate and optimize the actual canal hydraulics and operational conditions. This paper presents hydraulic simulation of canal reaches and structures of Lower Bari Doab Canal for effective canal management and operations to improve the performance of an irrigation system. The roughness coefficient of different canal reaches and calibration parameters for inline and off takes were determined. The field measurements performed for canal simulations included physical parameters of canal reaches and structures, upstream and downstream heads of water in canal reaches and corresponding discharges. Hydrodynamic simulation model SIC was applied to determine roughness values with steady flow profiles under different predetermined operating scenarios that match with the given upstream and downstream depths. Calibration parameters, coefficient and exponents were determin...
2010 International Conference on Information and Emerging Technologies, 2010
The problem of channel tracking and equalization for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) time-varying... more The problem of channel tracking and equalization for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) time-varying non isotropic Ricean fading channels is investigated. A Kalman filter based on high order autoregressive (AR) model with statistics closely matching those of the directional Ricean fading process is proposed to track channels variations. A finite-length MIMO minimum-mean-squared-error decision-feedback equalizer (MMSE-DFE) is used to perform equalization task. The
2010 International Conference on Information and Emerging Technologies, 2010
In this paper, we first derive closed form expression for the pdf of angle of arrival (AOA) at mo... more In this paper, we first derive closed form expression for the pdf of angle of arrival (AOA) at mobile station (MS) when both base station (BS) and mobile station (MS) are surrounded by gaussian distributed scatterers, represented by two separate gaussian functions. The heaviness of scattering around BS is controlled by a scattering-free zone around BS. By using different values
Conformational polymorphism of DNA is a major causative factor behind several incurable trinucleo... more Conformational polymorphism of DNA is a major causative factor behind several incurable trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders that arise from overexpansion of trinucleotide repeats located in coding/non-coding regions of specific genes. Hairpin DNA structures that are formed due to overexpansion of CAG repeat lead to Huntington's disorder and spinocerebellar ataxias. Nonetheless, DNA hairpin stem structure that generally embraces B-form with canonical base pairs is poorly understood in the context of periodic noncanonical A…A mismatch as found in CAG repeat overexpansion. Molecular dynamics simulations on DNA hairpin stems containing A…A mismatches in a CAG repeat overexpansion show that A…A dictates local Z-form irrespective of starting glycosyl conformation, in sharp contrast to canonical DNA duplex. Transition from B-to-Z is due to the mechanistic effect that originates from its pronounced nonisostericity with flanking canonical base pairs facilitated by base extrusion, ba...
The paper develops a new methodology and RESOOSE model for optimizing operation of multiple reser... more The paper develops a new methodology and RESOOSE model for optimizing operation of multiple reservoirs considering sediment evacuation for multiple objectives consisting of maximization of irrigation, hydropower, storage conservation and minimization of flood damages. The optimization and sediment evacuation modules of the model are based on Genetic Algorithm and Tsinghua equation respectively. According to the criteria developed for selection of reservoirs, three reservoirs on Indus River of Pakistan have been selected. The model has been calibrated and validated for Tarbela and Chashma Reservoirs. The calibrated model has been applied to Diamer Basha (proposed) and Tarbela Reservoirs. Eight scenarios comprising of combined and individual objectives were developed. The optimized results of different scenarios have been compared with existing rule curves. The optimization results reveal that objective function for hydropower, irrigation, and storage conservation benefits would be enhanced by 11, 13 and 84 % respectively while flood damages would reduce by 80 %. Similarly the optimized rule curves will increase the benefits up to 579, 960, 533 and 648 million US$ per year (on 2012 prices) for all the four components respectively. The maximum value of US$ 977 million per year has been found for the scenario 5 which gives equal priority weight to all the four sectors. The developed model can be applied to other two reservoirs (in series) for optimization of rule curves.
Phoma is a phytopathogenic fungus known to produce an array of bioactive extracellular toxic comp... more Phoma is a phytopathogenic fungus known to produce an array of bioactive extracellular toxic compounds. The bioactive compound was isolated by solvent extraction of the cell-free culture filtrate of Phoma followed by chromatographic purification. The structure of the compound was establish to be 1-hydroxy-4-(3,5dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-pentan-3-one on the basis of spectroscopic studies. The isolated compound showed positive results for its herbicidal potential against test weeds.
2011 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 2011
In this paper, we analyze various spatial channel measurements using their second order statistic... more In this paper, we analyze various spatial channel measurements using their second order statistics like level crossing rate, average fade duration, auto covariance and coherence distance. Occurrence rates of the angle of arrival in considering macro, micro and Pico cellular environment are used for the analysis. Effect of directional antennas employed at the base station and mobile station on second
ABSTRACT Pakistan is frequently devastated by floods. The flood impacts can be reduced if the flo... more ABSTRACT Pakistan is frequently devastated by floods. The flood impacts can be reduced if the flood management institutional capacities are improved. This article reviews and assesses the capacities of flood management institutions in Pakistan. Citing a number of case studies about the flood management practices in Pakistan, the article estimates the weaknesses and strengths of the institution with respect to various phases of flood management namely; mitigation, preparedness, response and rehabilitation and also with respect to various characteristics of institutions namely; deliberation, coordination, implementation and evaluation using an improved capacity assessment frame work. It has been found that the performance of the mitigation and rehabilitation phases is not satisfactory and that of preparedness and response are satisfactory. It is concluded that the functions of deliberation need to be improved while other three characteristics of institution namely; coordination, implementation and evaluation are performing well. The article will help the policy makers to concentrate on the identified weak capacities.
A novel oleanen type triterpenoid glycoside has been isolated from the butanolic extract of the s... more A novel oleanen type triterpenoid glycoside has been isolated from the butanolic extract of the seeds of Tephrosia purpurea. Its structure was elucidated as 3-O-{β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl}-2,16-dihydroxy-23,29-dihydroxymethylolean-11,13(18)-diene-28-oic acid on the basis of spectral evidences, i.e. FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and FAB-MS data. The isolated saponin was tested for its antimicrobial activity. Significant results were obtained by evaluating the antibacterial activity by "Disc diffusion method" and antifungal activity by "Spore dilution method". Maximum inhibition was recorded in gram positive bacterium-Streptococcus pneumoniae, while complete inhibition on the growth of fungus-Alternaria alternata was observed at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. The potency of the extract was quantitatively assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration values against selected bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration values were in agreement with antibacterial results where minimum value was recorded to be 23 μg/mL for Streptococcus pneumoniae.
2008 7th Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications, 2008
Page 1. Reliability in Wireless Sensor Networks using Soft Sensing Rubina Sultan GIK Institute of... more Page 1. Reliability in Wireless Sensor Networks using Soft Sensing Rubina Sultan GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences & Techology, Topi, Swabi, Pakistan [email protected] Muhammad Shafiq GIK Institute of Engineering ...
A novel oleanen type triterpenoid glycoside has been isolated from butanolic seed extracts of Cas... more A novel oleanen type triterpenoid glycoside has been isolated from butanolic seed extracts of Cassia angustifolia. Its structure was elucidated as 3-O-{beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl}-2, 16alpha-dihydroxy-4, 20-hydroxy methyl olean-12-ene-28-oic acid on the basis of spectral evidence (i.e. FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and FAB-MS data). The isolated saponin was tested for its antifungal activity, where the maximum inhibition was found in Colletotrichium dematium.
Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 2014
The organochlorines (OClPs) and organophosphates (OPPs) pesticides in surface and ground water ha... more The organochlorines (OClPs) and organophosphates (OPPs) pesticides in surface and ground water having intensive agriculture activity were investigated to evaluate their potential pollution and risks on human health. As per USEPA 8081 B method, liquid-liquid extraction followed by Gas-Chromatographic technique with electron capture detector and mass selective detector (GC-MS) were used for monitoring of pesticides. Among organochlorines, α,β,γ,δ HCH’s, aldrin, dicofol, DDT and its derivatives, α,β endosulphan’s and endosulphan-sulphate were analysed; dichlorovos, ethion, parathion-methyl, phorate, chlorpyrifos and profenofos were determined among organophosphates. As compared to ground water, higher concentrations of OClPs and OPPs were found in surface water. Throughout the monitoring study, α - HCH (0.39 μg/L in Amravati region),α - endosulphan (0.78 μg/L in Yavatmal region), chlorpyrifos (0.25 μg/L in Bhandara region) and parathion-methyl (0.09 μg/L in Amravati region) are frequen...
ABSTRACT Importance of existing reservoirs for supplying fresh water has increased significantly ... more ABSTRACT Importance of existing reservoirs for supplying fresh water has increased significantly due to population increase and enhanced living standards, while the reduced development of new reservoirs in recent decades has made it even more pertinent that the current battery of reservoirs be operated in a sustainable and efficient manner. In order to move a step towards the goal of sustainability, sediment evacuation must be considered when optimizing a reservoir’s operations. The Reservoir Optimization-Simulation with Sediment Evacuation (ROSSE) model is a recently developed tool which internalizes sediment evacuation routines and the simulation module in a newly developed GA-based optimization module. This article applies the ROSSE model with the aim of minimizing irrigation shortages in the Tarbela Reservoir, Pakistan. The article also calculates the suitable values of various GA parameters required to run the model through a sensitivity analysis. Simulation results of three sets of rule curves—one existing and two optimized sets—are compared with each other for parameters like irrigation shortage, power generation, sediment evacuation and flood dis-benefits (damages). It is found that the optimized rule curves of scenario 1 reduce the irrigation shortages by 39 % while the optimized rule curves of scenario 2 can reduce the irrigation shortages by 24 % of that of the shortages by existing rule curves. The optimized rule curves of scenario 2 also ensure the current level of hydropower generation and sediment evacuation for the Tarbela reservoir. The study recommends a change in the reservoir’s existing rule curves in order to reduce irrigation shortages. The incorporation of the sediment evacuation routine and availability of economic and hydro based objective functions in the optimization model will help achieving the goal of sustainability.
Marala Barrage was constructed in 1968 on River Chenab as a replacement of old Marala weir, which... more Marala Barrage was constructed in 1968 on River Chenab as a replacement of old Marala weir, which was constructed in 1912. Two canals, Marala Ravi Link (MRL) Canal and Upper Chenab Canal (UCC) off-take from left side of the barrage. It has an old history of varying sediment problems in both of these canals. Several attempts were made to investigate the problems and suggest remedial measures in the past and some of them were partially implemented as well. This paper reviews the major sediment management problems at Marala Barrage and their possible causes. The previous interventions are critically examined for their suitability and effectiveness in general and the effect of raising crest of MR Link canal in particular. The paper concludes that some of the past interventions have a positive effect on silt control entry in the off-taking canals. The analysis of data regarding sediment entry at the head of the canals indicate that the raising of crest of MR Link in the year 2000-2001 has improved the sediment intake in this canal to some extent, but its effect on the UCC is almost negligible. The data regarding sediment entry at the head of the UCC which had a scouring tendency, does not show any significant effect of this intervention as was perceived at the implementation stage. However, it is worth mentioning that analysis of data related to cross-sections and L-sections of the head reaches of these canals show a different trend, which makes it difficult to assess the long term and sustainable effect of this intervention on both of the canals. A critical review of data collection process and effective monitoring of the system is compulsory for meaningful analysis and future course of action if the present tendency seems to be changing, the possibility of which does exist.
PurposeThis paper reports a study into the current status of, and future prospects for, community... more PurposeThis paper reports a study into the current status of, and future prospects for, community informatics (CI) services in libraries in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachIt is based on a questionnaire survey of academic and public libraries, and community centres, in the major cities of Pakistan, backed up by interviews with librarians and community leaders.FindingsIt is found that while most libraries provide community information services, these are of traditional kind, and there are very few examples of information and communication technologies‐based CI. There is enthusiasm for developing such services among librarians, and high regard for library services in the community. Essential factors are funding for provision of equipment and training, and awareness raising in the community.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited to a sample of libraries in large cities.Practical implicationsProposals for development of a government‐sponsored CI initiative are presen...
Two novel triterpenoid glycosides have been isolated from butanolic seeds extract of two varietie... more Two novel triterpenoid glycosides have been isolated from butanolic seeds extract of two varieties of Lathyrus plants, i.e. Lathyrus ratan and Lathyrus aphaca. Their structures were elucidated as 3-O-[β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl]-olean-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid (1) and 3-O-{β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glcopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl}-2,16α-dihydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl urs-12-en-28-oic acid (2) on the basis of spectral evidences, i.e. FTIR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, ESI-MS and FAB-MS data. The isolated saponins were tested for their antifungal activity. Compound 1 showed maximum inhibition against Colletotrichum dematium (77.8%), whereas compound 2 showed maximum inhibition against Alternaria alternata (53.9%).
International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 2009
In the present work, a kinetic model has been developed for the batch fermentation of glucose for... more In the present work, a kinetic model has been developed for the batch fermentation of glucose for the production of L-glutamic acid (LGA) by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Parameters of the kinetic model have been determined by using the experimental data available in literature and the results have been compared by carrying out computer simulation. The kinetic model proposed in the present study provides better predictions for the growth of biomass, substrate consumption and LGA production as compared to the prediction reported by Bona and Moser (Bioprocess Engineering 17(2) (1997b) 121-125). The present model also fits the experimental data given by Zhang et al. (Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 22, 205-209, 1998) and Khan et al. (Biochemical Engineering Journal, 25, 173178, 2005), respectively. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the validity of the developed model, and to reveal the kinetic parameter that has maximum impact on LGA production. It is found that an increas...
Study was conducted to evaluate the survival and growth potential of genetically male tilapia (GM... more Study was conducted to evaluate the survival and growth potential of genetically male tilapia (GMT) in flow through system under different dietary protein concentrations. The fish was kept in cemented rectangular tanks @ 59 fish fry/ tank in mixed sex (XX/XY) culture system and 27 fish fry/tank in mono sex culture(super males YY). Each treatment group in mixed sex had two replicates while mono sex had one replicate. Artificial feeds containing 30%, 35% and 40% crude protein were applied at 4% fish wet body weight twice a day to mixed sex while 35% and 40% to super males. The results of mixed sex were analyzed using one way ANOVA while mono sex was compared by using t-test. Results of mixed sex indicated significantly higher (P > 0.05) final body weight, net weight gain, percent weight gain in 40% compared to 30% and 35% feeds. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR %) were 1.21 and 4.83, respectively for 30%, and 1.24 and 3.59, respectively for 35% feeds and were significantly different compared to 1.33 and 3.23, respectively, for 40% feed in mixed-sex culture. The survival rate was 43% in 30%, 83% in 35% and 68% in 40% feeds for mixed sex. In the case of mono-sex culture (YY), results indicated significantly higher (P > 0.05) values with 40% feed for final body weight, net weight gain, percent weight gain and SGR compared to that of 35% feed. The FCR values in 40% feed (3.65) was significantly different from that of 35% feed (4.74). Survival rate of YY was 100% in 35%, while 81% in 40% feed. In conclusion mono sex (YY) GMT fry outperformed than mixed sex under both treatments of 35% and 40% crude protein in flow through system.
Irrigation canal simulation models are representations of physical irrigation systems in computer... more Irrigation canal simulation models are representations of physical irrigation systems in computer which can be calibrated to simulate and optimize the actual canal hydraulics and operational conditions. This paper presents hydraulic simulation of canal reaches and structures of Lower Bari Doab Canal for effective canal management and operations to improve the performance of an irrigation system. The roughness coefficient of different canal reaches and calibration parameters for inline and off takes were determined. The field measurements performed for canal simulations included physical parameters of canal reaches and structures, upstream and downstream heads of water in canal reaches and corresponding discharges. Hydrodynamic simulation model SIC was applied to determine roughness values with steady flow profiles under different predetermined operating scenarios that match with the given upstream and downstream depths. Calibration parameters, coefficient and exponents were determin...
2010 International Conference on Information and Emerging Technologies, 2010
The problem of channel tracking and equalization for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) time-varying... more The problem of channel tracking and equalization for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) time-varying non isotropic Ricean fading channels is investigated. A Kalman filter based on high order autoregressive (AR) model with statistics closely matching those of the directional Ricean fading process is proposed to track channels variations. A finite-length MIMO minimum-mean-squared-error decision-feedback equalizer (MMSE-DFE) is used to perform equalization task. The
2010 International Conference on Information and Emerging Technologies, 2010
In this paper, we first derive closed form expression for the pdf of angle of arrival (AOA) at mo... more In this paper, we first derive closed form expression for the pdf of angle of arrival (AOA) at mobile station (MS) when both base station (BS) and mobile station (MS) are surrounded by gaussian distributed scatterers, represented by two separate gaussian functions. The heaviness of scattering around BS is controlled by a scattering-free zone around BS. By using different values
Conformational polymorphism of DNA is a major causative factor behind several incurable trinucleo... more Conformational polymorphism of DNA is a major causative factor behind several incurable trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders that arise from overexpansion of trinucleotide repeats located in coding/non-coding regions of specific genes. Hairpin DNA structures that are formed due to overexpansion of CAG repeat lead to Huntington's disorder and spinocerebellar ataxias. Nonetheless, DNA hairpin stem structure that generally embraces B-form with canonical base pairs is poorly understood in the context of periodic noncanonical A…A mismatch as found in CAG repeat overexpansion. Molecular dynamics simulations on DNA hairpin stems containing A…A mismatches in a CAG repeat overexpansion show that A…A dictates local Z-form irrespective of starting glycosyl conformation, in sharp contrast to canonical DNA duplex. Transition from B-to-Z is due to the mechanistic effect that originates from its pronounced nonisostericity with flanking canonical base pairs facilitated by base extrusion, ba...
The paper develops a new methodology and RESOOSE model for optimizing operation of multiple reser... more The paper develops a new methodology and RESOOSE model for optimizing operation of multiple reservoirs considering sediment evacuation for multiple objectives consisting of maximization of irrigation, hydropower, storage conservation and minimization of flood damages. The optimization and sediment evacuation modules of the model are based on Genetic Algorithm and Tsinghua equation respectively. According to the criteria developed for selection of reservoirs, three reservoirs on Indus River of Pakistan have been selected. The model has been calibrated and validated for Tarbela and Chashma Reservoirs. The calibrated model has been applied to Diamer Basha (proposed) and Tarbela Reservoirs. Eight scenarios comprising of combined and individual objectives were developed. The optimized results of different scenarios have been compared with existing rule curves. The optimization results reveal that objective function for hydropower, irrigation, and storage conservation benefits would be enhanced by 11, 13 and 84 % respectively while flood damages would reduce by 80 %. Similarly the optimized rule curves will increase the benefits up to 579, 960, 533 and 648 million US$ per year (on 2012 prices) for all the four components respectively. The maximum value of US$ 977 million per year has been found for the scenario 5 which gives equal priority weight to all the four sectors. The developed model can be applied to other two reservoirs (in series) for optimization of rule curves.
Phoma is a phytopathogenic fungus known to produce an array of bioactive extracellular toxic comp... more Phoma is a phytopathogenic fungus known to produce an array of bioactive extracellular toxic compounds. The bioactive compound was isolated by solvent extraction of the cell-free culture filtrate of Phoma followed by chromatographic purification. The structure of the compound was establish to be 1-hydroxy-4-(3,5dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-pentan-3-one on the basis of spectroscopic studies. The isolated compound showed positive results for its herbicidal potential against test weeds.
2011 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 2011
In this paper, we analyze various spatial channel measurements using their second order statistic... more In this paper, we analyze various spatial channel measurements using their second order statistics like level crossing rate, average fade duration, auto covariance and coherence distance. Occurrence rates of the angle of arrival in considering macro, micro and Pico cellular environment are used for the analysis. Effect of directional antennas employed at the base station and mobile station on second
ABSTRACT Pakistan is frequently devastated by floods. The flood impacts can be reduced if the flo... more ABSTRACT Pakistan is frequently devastated by floods. The flood impacts can be reduced if the flood management institutional capacities are improved. This article reviews and assesses the capacities of flood management institutions in Pakistan. Citing a number of case studies about the flood management practices in Pakistan, the article estimates the weaknesses and strengths of the institution with respect to various phases of flood management namely; mitigation, preparedness, response and rehabilitation and also with respect to various characteristics of institutions namely; deliberation, coordination, implementation and evaluation using an improved capacity assessment frame work. It has been found that the performance of the mitigation and rehabilitation phases is not satisfactory and that of preparedness and response are satisfactory. It is concluded that the functions of deliberation need to be improved while other three characteristics of institution namely; coordination, implementation and evaluation are performing well. The article will help the policy makers to concentrate on the identified weak capacities.
A novel oleanen type triterpenoid glycoside has been isolated from the butanolic extract of the s... more A novel oleanen type triterpenoid glycoside has been isolated from the butanolic extract of the seeds of Tephrosia purpurea. Its structure was elucidated as 3-O-{β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl}-2,16-dihydroxy-23,29-dihydroxymethylolean-11,13(18)-diene-28-oic acid on the basis of spectral evidences, i.e. FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and FAB-MS data. The isolated saponin was tested for its antimicrobial activity. Significant results were obtained by evaluating the antibacterial activity by "Disc diffusion method" and antifungal activity by "Spore dilution method". Maximum inhibition was recorded in gram positive bacterium-Streptococcus pneumoniae, while complete inhibition on the growth of fungus-Alternaria alternata was observed at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. The potency of the extract was quantitatively assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration values against selected bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration values were in agreement with antibacterial results where minimum value was recorded to be 23 μg/mL for Streptococcus pneumoniae.
2008 7th Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications, 2008
Page 1. Reliability in Wireless Sensor Networks using Soft Sensing Rubina Sultan GIK Institute of... more Page 1. Reliability in Wireless Sensor Networks using Soft Sensing Rubina Sultan GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences & Techology, Topi, Swabi, Pakistan [email protected] Muhammad Shafiq GIK Institute of Engineering ...
A novel oleanen type triterpenoid glycoside has been isolated from butanolic seed extracts of Cas... more A novel oleanen type triterpenoid glycoside has been isolated from butanolic seed extracts of Cassia angustifolia. Its structure was elucidated as 3-O-{beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl}-2, 16alpha-dihydroxy-4, 20-hydroxy methyl olean-12-ene-28-oic acid on the basis of spectral evidence (i.e. FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and FAB-MS data). The isolated saponin was tested for its antifungal activity, where the maximum inhibition was found in Colletotrichium dematium.
Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 2014
The organochlorines (OClPs) and organophosphates (OPPs) pesticides in surface and ground water ha... more The organochlorines (OClPs) and organophosphates (OPPs) pesticides in surface and ground water having intensive agriculture activity were investigated to evaluate their potential pollution and risks on human health. As per USEPA 8081 B method, liquid-liquid extraction followed by Gas-Chromatographic technique with electron capture detector and mass selective detector (GC-MS) were used for monitoring of pesticides. Among organochlorines, α,β,γ,δ HCH’s, aldrin, dicofol, DDT and its derivatives, α,β endosulphan’s and endosulphan-sulphate were analysed; dichlorovos, ethion, parathion-methyl, phorate, chlorpyrifos and profenofos were determined among organophosphates. As compared to ground water, higher concentrations of OClPs and OPPs were found in surface water. Throughout the monitoring study, α - HCH (0.39 μg/L in Amravati region),α - endosulphan (0.78 μg/L in Yavatmal region), chlorpyrifos (0.25 μg/L in Bhandara region) and parathion-methyl (0.09 μg/L in Amravati region) are frequen...
ABSTRACT Importance of existing reservoirs for supplying fresh water has increased significantly ... more ABSTRACT Importance of existing reservoirs for supplying fresh water has increased significantly due to population increase and enhanced living standards, while the reduced development of new reservoirs in recent decades has made it even more pertinent that the current battery of reservoirs be operated in a sustainable and efficient manner. In order to move a step towards the goal of sustainability, sediment evacuation must be considered when optimizing a reservoir’s operations. The Reservoir Optimization-Simulation with Sediment Evacuation (ROSSE) model is a recently developed tool which internalizes sediment evacuation routines and the simulation module in a newly developed GA-based optimization module. This article applies the ROSSE model with the aim of minimizing irrigation shortages in the Tarbela Reservoir, Pakistan. The article also calculates the suitable values of various GA parameters required to run the model through a sensitivity analysis. Simulation results of three sets of rule curves—one existing and two optimized sets—are compared with each other for parameters like irrigation shortage, power generation, sediment evacuation and flood dis-benefits (damages). It is found that the optimized rule curves of scenario 1 reduce the irrigation shortages by 39 % while the optimized rule curves of scenario 2 can reduce the irrigation shortages by 24 % of that of the shortages by existing rule curves. The optimized rule curves of scenario 2 also ensure the current level of hydropower generation and sediment evacuation for the Tarbela reservoir. The study recommends a change in the reservoir’s existing rule curves in order to reduce irrigation shortages. The incorporation of the sediment evacuation routine and availability of economic and hydro based objective functions in the optimization model will help achieving the goal of sustainability.
Marala Barrage was constructed in 1968 on River Chenab as a replacement of old Marala weir, which... more Marala Barrage was constructed in 1968 on River Chenab as a replacement of old Marala weir, which was constructed in 1912. Two canals, Marala Ravi Link (MRL) Canal and Upper Chenab Canal (UCC) off-take from left side of the barrage. It has an old history of varying sediment problems in both of these canals. Several attempts were made to investigate the problems and suggest remedial measures in the past and some of them were partially implemented as well. This paper reviews the major sediment management problems at Marala Barrage and their possible causes. The previous interventions are critically examined for their suitability and effectiveness in general and the effect of raising crest of MR Link canal in particular. The paper concludes that some of the past interventions have a positive effect on silt control entry in the off-taking canals. The analysis of data regarding sediment entry at the head of the canals indicate that the raising of crest of MR Link in the year 2000-2001 has improved the sediment intake in this canal to some extent, but its effect on the UCC is almost negligible. The data regarding sediment entry at the head of the UCC which had a scouring tendency, does not show any significant effect of this intervention as was perceived at the implementation stage. However, it is worth mentioning that analysis of data related to cross-sections and L-sections of the head reaches of these canals show a different trend, which makes it difficult to assess the long term and sustainable effect of this intervention on both of the canals. A critical review of data collection process and effective monitoring of the system is compulsory for meaningful analysis and future course of action if the present tendency seems to be changing, the possibility of which does exist.
PurposeThis paper reports a study into the current status of, and future prospects for, community... more PurposeThis paper reports a study into the current status of, and future prospects for, community informatics (CI) services in libraries in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachIt is based on a questionnaire survey of academic and public libraries, and community centres, in the major cities of Pakistan, backed up by interviews with librarians and community leaders.FindingsIt is found that while most libraries provide community information services, these are of traditional kind, and there are very few examples of information and communication technologies‐based CI. There is enthusiasm for developing such services among librarians, and high regard for library services in the community. Essential factors are funding for provision of equipment and training, and awareness raising in the community.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited to a sample of libraries in large cities.Practical implicationsProposals for development of a government‐sponsored CI initiative are presen...
Two novel triterpenoid glycosides have been isolated from butanolic seeds extract of two varietie... more Two novel triterpenoid glycosides have been isolated from butanolic seeds extract of two varieties of Lathyrus plants, i.e. Lathyrus ratan and Lathyrus aphaca. Their structures were elucidated as 3-O-[β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl]-olean-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid (1) and 3-O-{β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glcopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl}-2,16α-dihydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl urs-12-en-28-oic acid (2) on the basis of spectral evidences, i.e. FTIR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, ESI-MS and FAB-MS data. The isolated saponins were tested for their antifungal activity. Compound 1 showed maximum inhibition against Colletotrichum dematium (77.8%), whereas compound 2 showed maximum inhibition against Alternaria alternata (53.9%).
International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 2009
In the present work, a kinetic model has been developed for the batch fermentation of glucose for... more In the present work, a kinetic model has been developed for the batch fermentation of glucose for the production of L-glutamic acid (LGA) by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Parameters of the kinetic model have been determined by using the experimental data available in literature and the results have been compared by carrying out computer simulation. The kinetic model proposed in the present study provides better predictions for the growth of biomass, substrate consumption and LGA production as compared to the prediction reported by Bona and Moser (Bioprocess Engineering 17(2) (1997b) 121-125). The present model also fits the experimental data given by Zhang et al. (Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 22, 205-209, 1998) and Khan et al. (Biochemical Engineering Journal, 25, 173178, 2005), respectively. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the validity of the developed model, and to reveal the kinetic parameter that has maximum impact on LGA production. It is found that an increas...
Uploads
Papers by Noor Zaib Khan