Papers by Nerlita Manalili
Special problems arise when analyzing supply chains because of the complexity of the relationship... more Special problems arise when analyzing supply chains because of the complexity of the relationships in the system. In addressing this concern for a research project on a vegetable supply chain in Mindanao,the authors of this paper use a pluralistic methodology. A soft-systems framework was used to structure and analyze the problem and identify relevant systems. Issues addressed are the extent of efficiency along the supply chain (including input supply (issues), output marketing, quality control and transport) and the relationships between the various participants in the supply chain. Qualitative and quantitative data collection methods have been used.
Special problems are presented when analysing supply chains because of the complexity of the rela... more Special problems are presented when analysing supply chains because of the complexity of the relationships. In addressing this problem for a vegetable supply chain in Mindanao a pluralistic methodology is used. A soft systems framework was used to structure and analyse the problem and identify relevant systems. Issues we are addressing are efficiencies along the supply chain (including input supply issues, output marketing, quality control and transport) and relationships between the various participants in the supply chain. Qualitative and quantitative data collection methods have been used. Analysis is being conducted with qualitative data analysis techniques, LP farm household models, transaction cost economics, gap analysis, factor analysis and structural equation modelling.
The paper looks into the temperate vegetable industry in Kapatagan, an upland community in Mindan... more The paper looks into the temperate vegetable industry in Kapatagan, an upland community in Mindanao, the Southern part of the Philippines. The intention in general is to identify ways by which smallholder vegetable producers are appropriately linked to markets through cooperatives with the end in view of increasing farmers' income. Specifically the paper documented existing vegetable supply chains in Kapatagan as well as other relevant chains, assessed the various chains' gaps and potentials in view of changing concepts and market requirements with supply chain and agro-industrial concepts as bases and identified entry points for chain enhancements.
The food manufacturing industry (FMI) is a major contributor to the country's total manufactu... more The food manufacturing industry (FMI) is a major contributor to the country's total manufacturing output. However, despite the industry's performance in terms of job creation and income generation, it is constrained by existing regulatory procedures and processes. A scoping study assessing the Philippine FMI subsectors and the regulatory system governing it is reported here. Specifically, this study aims to map out the existing regulatory procedures and processes in the sector, determine key bottlenecks in the regulatory process chain, and prepare an estimation of the regulatory burden of the bottlenecks. Literature review and consultations were conducted for various food manufacturing subsectors (FMS) and concerned government agencies. This scoping study reveals that regulatory bottlenecks are related to four major concerns, namely, (1) organizational matters, which are related to both administrative and human resource requirements of Food Safety Regulatory Agencies; 2) reg...
Lamon Bay is one of the most important fishing grounds in the Philippines. In spite of this, most... more Lamon Bay is one of the most important fishing grounds in the Philippines. In spite of this, most fishermen in the area live in poverty, and their plight is getting worse, not better. Fish catch is declining by 13.5 % a year, more than double the decline experienced elsewhere in the country. Current fisheries policies for the area have failed to improve the situation but no research has been done to find out why. Are the policies poorly designed? Or have they not been adequately enforced? This report attempts to fill this information gap about the reasons for policy failure. Drawing on data from secondary sources and an original survey, it uses a bioeconomic model to simulate the effects of changes in the enforcement levels of three current policies: ban on electric shiners, fish cage regulation, and regulation of both electric shiners and fish cages. Investments of the government on different levels of enforcement were assessed using benefit cost analysis. The report assesses the e...
PIDS Policy Notes are observations/analyses written by PIDS researchers on certain policy issues.... more PIDS Policy Notes are observations/analyses written by PIDS researchers on certain policy issues. The treatise is holistic in approach and aims to provide useful inputs for decisionmaking. The authors are consultants of PIDS. They are managing director of NEXUS Agribusiness Solutions, professor at the Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), and assistant professor at the College of Economics and Management, UPLB, respectively. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of PIDS or any of the study’s sponsors. Nerlita M. Manalili, Kevin F. Yaptenco, and Alessandro A. Manilay Philippine Institute for Development Studies Surian sa mga Pag-aaral Pangkaunlaran ng Pilipinas No. 2015-16 (September 2015) ISSN 1656-5266 Policy Notes
The Philippine government's postharvest loss reduction programs entail significant investment... more The Philippine government's postharvest loss reduction programs entail significant investments (manpower, facilities, and equipment) and their impacts need evaluating. Thus, the Philippine Institute for Development Studies and the National Economic and Development Authority commissioned NEXUS Agribusiness Solutions to undertake the "Rapid Appraisal of Selected Postharvest Facilities in the Philippines". The postharvest facilities (PHF) selection process considered at least one each for Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, and for the following PHF categories: 1. equipment and facilities required immediately after harvest; 2. processing and storage facilities; and 3. market infrastructure and transport facilities. Selected were four rice processing centers, established through a Korean International Cooperation Agency grant, in Pangasinan, Davao del Sur, Bohol, and Iloilo. Using these sites as hub, other nearby PHF such as food terminals, flatbed dryers, and threshers were inc...
The agriculture sector is a major contributor to Philippine economic growth. It accounts for 20% ... more The agriculture sector is a major contributor to Philippine economic growth. It accounts for 20% of the gross domestic product (GDP) valued at Philippine pesos (PHP)197.7 billion at constant prices and posted 3.9% growth in 2001 (the industry and service sector contributed PHP336.7 billion and PHP454.8 billion to the GDP, respectively). While 47% of its total land area of 13 million hectares is devoted to agriculture and about half of its labor force is employed in the sector, the Philippines remains a net importer of agricultural products, posting a USD794 million balance of trade deficit in agriculture in 2001. This is attributed to the slow growth in productivity of the agricultural sector. Given that 50 million of its population of 79 million people are predominantly in rural areas, about two-thirds depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Moreover, considering the prevailing slow growth of productivity in the sector, much needs to be done in the rural sector if sustainable d...
Eepsea Policy Brief, 2004
Viet nam. Its goal is to strengthen local capacity for the economic analysis of environmental pro... more Viet nam. Its goal is to strengthen local capacity for the economic analysis of environmental prob lems so t hat res earchers can provide sound advice to pol icymakers. EEPSEA Policy Briefs su mmarize t he key results and lessons generated by EEPSEAsupported research projects, as pre sent ed in det ai l in EEPSEA Research Reports.
Eepsea Policy Brief, 2004
As Southeast Asia industrializes, the need for innovative ways to get rid of waste has increased.... more As Southeast Asia industrializes, the need for innovative ways to get rid of waste has increased. A new report from the Philippines shows how a factory waste that been polluting the country's rivers can be turned into a valuable resource that can help farmers improve their productivity. The study investigated various treatment and disposal options for the slops that are produced during the distillation of sugarcane. This study found that when the slops are treated optimally they can be used as an effective fertilizer and irrigation resource. This not only benefits farmers by increasing yields, but also removes a heavy financial burden from the sugar cane processing companies in terms of pollution cleanup costs and fines.
I International Symposium on Improving the Performance of Supply Chains in the Transitional Economies, 2006
... The 21 st ASEAN / 3 rd APEC Seminar of Postharvest Technology. Inna Putri Bali Hotel, Nusa Du... more ... The 21 st ASEAN / 3 rd APEC Seminar of Postharvest Technology. Inna Putri Bali Hotel, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia 23-26 August. Dixon, J. 1999. Reflexive accumulation and global restructuring: Retailers and cultural processes in the Australian poultry industry. Rur. Soc. ...
I International Symposium on Improving the Performance of Supply Chains in the Transitional Economies, 2006
Correct information is vital in maintaining balance and efficiency along the supply chain and in ... more Correct information is vital in maintaining balance and efficiency along the supply chain and in developing appropriate marketing strategies. To make the correct decisions, all members of the vegetable supply chain need information on end users preferences. This study sought to determine if smallholder vegetable farmers and market intermediaries could accurately predict what consumers required. Preferences for vegetables among household consumers in Mindanao were compared with the perceptions of vegetable farmers and market intermediaries. Attributes such as variety, size and shape, color, taste, freshness and freedom from pests, diseases, physical damage and defects were compared. Results revealed significant differences between the perceptions of vegetable farmers and market intermediaries about the nature of the consumer demand. Their divergent, often erroneous, ideas and concepts about vegetable quality contributed to waste and inefficiency in the Mindanao vegetable supply chain.
Acta Horticulturae, 2006
It is widely accepted that trust is the critical determinant of a good buyerseller relationship. ... more It is widely accepted that trust is the critical determinant of a good buyerseller relationship. Using trust as the dependent variable, various measures of the farmers' satisfaction with the exchange, power-dependence and the relationship specific investments preferred trading partners provided to facilitate the relationship were regressed against trust. The key antecedent to trust was the willingness of the preferred trading partner to advise the farmer of supply problems. Farmers preferred to transact with cooperative trading partners who refrained from using coercive power to achieve their own objectives. Once trust had been established, farmers perceived that transacting with preferred trading partners was significantly less risky. Preferred trading partners were perceived to have a good reputation, to make the best offer, to treat the farmers fairly and equitably and to offer the best service. The farmers' desire to transact with local traders and those traders with whom they had developed a close personal friendship were considered to be not only antecedent to trust but also to reinforce trust in the relationship.
Stewart Postharvest Review, 2008
Appendix-Socio-cultural Component of Slop Irrigation The costs of river clean-up (color and BOD d... more Appendix-Socio-cultural Component of Slop Irrigation The costs of river clean-up (color and BOD due to run off) ranged from PHP 42,739 (USD 831) to PHP 88,434 (USD 1,720) per hectare of slop-irrigated field, respectively. The estimated value of groundwater contamination due to leaching ranged from PHP 8,811 (USD 171) to PHP 18,098 (USD 352) per hectare. Changes in farming practices needed to use slops for irrigation include additional labor for monitoring slop application and increased weeding. There is also a decrease in fertilizer cost, since slops contain nutrients that augment the needs of the crops. The major concerns of farmers in accepting the technology are the possibility of water pollution and malodors especially from untreated slops. Slop irrigation has also brought about the enterprising activity of slop delivery. This requires coordination among distilleries, slop haulers, farmers, and local authorities. In Vietnam, field experiments showed the adverse effects of raw slops on standing crops in the first few weeks after application due to high organic matter content, which decomposes in the soil. The canes, however, recovered until harvest time to reach desired growth targets. These results are novel, as previous experiments made use of newly planted crops, not standing crops. While it has been shown that slops have economic value for agricultural use and that its environmental effect can be mitigated, there is still a need for policy adjustments, especially those governing the status of slops as a resource or a waste. In particular, clear standards are needed for slop utilization. The applicability of slops to other crops and other soil types needs to be investigated to arrive at a comprehensive policy for agricultural use of slops.
This report assesses the sustainability of fisheries of Lamon Bay in the Philippines and investig... more This report assesses the sustainability of fisheries of Lamon Bay in the Philippines and investigates the effectiveness of fishery conservation policies. It finds that current policies are failing and that a substantial investment would be required to ensure full compliance with current regulations. It also finds that the benefits of achieving high levels of compliance would exceed costs by only a tiny margin. It concludes that current regulations to deal with overfishing are neither cost-effective nor address the underlying problems of overexploitation of fish stocks and open access to fishing areas. The report suggests that a tradable quota system may provide one answer to the problem and outlines government policies that would back up such an approach.
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Papers by Nerlita Manalili