Papers by Nazih S Mustafa
Denture stomatitis is common disease among maxillary denture wearers. Sixty Wistar rats were invo... more Denture stomatitis is common disease among maxillary denture wearers. Sixty Wistar rats were involved in this study devided into 2 experiment group in addition to 1 control group each contain 20 rats, group 1A include 10 animals fitted with acrylic and inoculated with candida albicans , group 1 B 10 animals were fitted with acrylic only , while in group 2 A 10 were fitted with chrome-cobalt palatal plates and inoculated with candida albicans, group 2 B 10 animals were fitted with chrome-cobalt only , and the control group is devided into 2 groups 10 animals were inoculated with candida albicans , and the other 10 where left without treatment . Palatal candidiasis resulted after one week of starting the experiment in group 1A. while at the second week, there was alternating epithelial hyperplasia and atrophy, intra-epithelial polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration in the underlying connective tissue; hyphal invasion was not observed. In group 1A transmission of candida from yeast into mycelium started at the first week and mycelium predominated at the second week. Group 2A did not exhibit palatal candidosis, the transformation from blastospore to mycelium was limited. The only histological observation seen in the palatal mucosa of animals was slight hyper orthokeratinization at the fourth week, Histological study of the palate tissue shoes an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration throughout the time course of the infection. Palatal biofilm formation was commensurate with development of palatal erythema, which suggests a role for biofilm in the inflammatory response.
European Journal of Dentistry, Oct 11, 2022
Objectives Dental anxiety is ultimately related to the fear of pain, more evidently seen in surgi... more Objectives Dental anxiety is ultimately related to the fear of pain, more evidently seen in surgical dental procedures. This study aimed at comparing the stress parameter differences between patients undergoing minor oral surgery (MOS) with their eyes covered (closed) versus uncovered (open) at our center. Materials and Methods Twenty-three MOS patients were draped with eyes covered, while another 23 MOS patients were draped with eyes uncovered. Stress parameters such as systolic and diastolic blood pressures (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, random blood glucose, and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-6 questionnaire score were recorded accordingly in the different intervals; then statistically analyzed later. Results Closed eyes patients had significantly lower mean DBP and MAP (73.91 AE 6.80/88.94 AE 6.88 mm Hg) as compared with open eyes patients intraoperatively. Though significant only in the postoperative phase, the closed eyes group had a relatively lower mean heart pulse rate than the open eyes group in all surgical intervals. Postoperatively, closed eyes patients had lower mean blood glucose level as compared with open eyes group. STAI mean score revealed a higher psychological stress for closed eyes patients versus open eyes patients. Conclusion Closed eyes patients displayed lower quantifiable physiological stress level as compared with patients undergoing MOS draped with eyes uncovered. However, in qualitative psychological context, closed eyes draped MOS patients responded poorly as compared with opened eyes draped patients under similar surgical stress.
Developmental dental defect can be defined as alteration of teeth from normal in term of number, ... more Developmental dental defect can be defined as alteration of teeth from normal in term of number, size, shape and structure. Therefore, knowing the prevalence of developmental dental defect among population may assist in further management of oral health problem. The aim of this study was to explore the developmental dental defect in Malaysian patients in general and particularly among those who were attending at IIUM dental clinic. A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was carried with face-face interview, clinical examination and panoramic radiographic examination by Planmeca digital x-ray with Romexis software among 100 patients who were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria from total 2300 patient attending IIUM dental clinic. All types of dental anomalies regarding number, size, shape and structure were recorded and analyzed by different races (Malay, Chinese, Indian) of Malaysian by chi square test. The most common types of dental anomalies encountered were cusp of carebelli (55%), dilacerations (54%), microdontia (38 %) and hypercementosis (38 %). There were no significant differences, (p> 0.05) regarding the types of developmental dental defect ; number(hypodontia, hyperdontia), size (microdontia, macrodontia), shape (fusion, dens evaginatus, cusp of carebelli, taurodontism, ectopic enamel, dilacerations, supernumerary roots, hypercementosis),and structure among different Malaysian races. Other uncommon types of dental anomalies found in the study were dens evaginatus (24%), ectopic enamel (20%), discoloration (20%), hypodontia (19%), supernumerary roots (13%), hyperdontia (11%), taurodontism (11%), macrodontia (7%), cocresence (2%), fusion (1%) and dens invaginatus (1%). There were also no significant differences (p>0.0.5) regarding the uncommon types of dental defects among races in Malaysia. In conclusion, cusp of carabelli, dilaceration, microdontia and hypercementosis were the major common dental anomalies in comparison to other type of anomalies. Majority of Malays, Chinese and Indians were observed to have cusp of carabelli and dilacerations.
Maǧallaẗ al-mustanṣiriyyaẗ li-ṯibb al-asnān, Mar 13, 2018
The application of laser is widely used in many branches of medicine and surgery. The high energy... more The application of laser is widely used in many branches of medicine and surgery. The high energy laser has coagulating, cauterizing and destructive effect, while the low energy laser has a bio-stimulating effect. A hole was made using a surgical bur in zygomatic bone of four rabbits and a low energy laser was applied on zygomatic bone of experimental group and compared to control non-irradiated group. This study showed that application of low-energy laser has a promoting effect and facilitate bone deposition in the bony defect of the experimental group when compared to control group. It may be concluded that application of low-energy laser have promoting effect on acceleration of bone healing.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is a collective term that embracing a number of clinical probl... more Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is a collective term that embracing a number of clinical problems that involve the masticatory muscles, Temporomandibular Joint (TMJs), and the associated structures. It characterized by facial pain in the area of TMJ and muscle of mastication, restriction and sound during mandibular movement. Recently physical therapy such as Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is used as one of the treatment modalities and it is believed to promote wound healing, tissue repair and induce analgesia. Convenience sampling was used which consist of 22 volunteered patients, 14 were treated with conventional treatment and 8 were treated with combination of LLLT and conventional therapy. Laser machine used was Waterlase/Biolase © 2007 with irradiation 0.5 W-30 Hz daily for three consecutive days, then once a week review treatment for two weeks. The space between laser beam and skin is 3 cm, applied as small circles for 2-3 minutes. Pain intensity before and after the treatment was recorded by using numerical rating scale (NRS). Statistical data analysis was conducted using SPSS software. Wilcoxon-sign ranked-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used. Pain intensity was reduced significantly in patients whom treated by combination of LLLT and conventional therapy. (p<0.05). Pain intensity after treatment for female were higher (M=1.20, SD=1.10) than for male (M=0.00, SD=0.00). Younger patients have higher pain intensity than older patients. LLLT is effective to be used as adjunct to the current conventional treatment in relieving pain in TMDs. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2018; 11(2): pp. 669-675
Scholars journal of medical case reports, May 9, 2023
This case report highlights cystic lesion associated with a root tip located at the socket of pre... more This case report highlights cystic lesion associated with a root tip located at the socket of previously extracted tooth which was left after extraction. In this case study we will highlight the follow up of bone healing process of 24 months duration. In addition to that the consequences of the condition which led to formation of the cystic lesion in this patient, with description of miss management leading to unfortunately unavoidable treatment which is extraction of the anterior teeth. Frequent assessment of the patient clinically and radiographically after the surgical removal of the cystic lesion have been done for 2 years duration. In conclusion this young patient could be treated in other way to prevent the teeth extraction and to avoid surgery.
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, Jan 17, 2023
BACKGROUND: Wound healing is a natural restorative response to tissue injury, and it involves reg... more BACKGROUND: Wound healing is a natural restorative response to tissue injury, and it involves regulated order of cellular and biochemical actions to reinstate tissue after injury, which involves resurfacing reconstitution, and restoration of tensile strength of injured skin. Normal and impaired wound healing post-significant problems related to healthcare and expenditure. Most of the chemical medications which widely used for wound healing might cause unwanted side effects with prolonged use such as hyper scarring, thus studies using natural products are now deemed important. Flaxseed is a natural product that enhances the immune system functioning against different diseases. Nevertheless, limited studies have been done looking into the response triggered by immune cells and the wound-healing-related genes with the use of flaxseed extract onto the wounded skin for the healing process. AIM: The main objective of this study is to analyze the expression of wound healing-related genes during different stages of the wound healing process induced by flaxseed in vivo. METHODS: The effect of flaxseed oil in the early stages (day 4 and 7) and late stages (day 14) of wound healing was explored on New Zealand white rabbits by creating a longitudinal full thickness wound on their back. The gene expression profiles of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), IL-6, and metalloproteinase (MMP9) genes which have roles in wound healing through inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling were studied by polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS: Flaxseed extract has significant effects in up-regulating anti-inflammatory marker TGF-β in wounds. Flaxseed oil also reduces the expression level of MMP9 on day 14 of wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that flaxseed extract has the potential to promote wound healing through the regulation of TGF-β and MMP9 in vivo.
International Medical Journal Malaysia, Nov 5, 2020
This case report highlights mandibular tooth in an ectopic position in the floor of the mouth, as... more This case report highlights mandibular tooth in an ectopic position in the floor of the mouth, associated with submandibular salivary gland, which was completely obliterating the Wharton duct. Very few such cases have been reported in the literatures. Since ectopic tooth may lead to pain, discomfort sensation upon mastication, and even infection (sialadenitis), its diagnosis and treatment is essential.
Flaxseed is a natural product with a wide array of anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral and also ... more Flaxseed is a natural product with a wide array of anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral and also antifungal properties. Flaxseed extracts; either oil or water based can be incorporated into pharmaceutical compounds to be used in clinical setting. This study aims to compare the in-vitro antifungal effectiveness of flaxseed extract against the commonly used synthetic compound, Nystatin. Methodically, antifungal effectiveness of flaxseed extract and Nystatin was tested upon the Candida albicans culture growth in petri dishes. Disc diffusion method was performed and the zones of inhibition around the disc within each petri dish were measured after 48 hours of incubation period. Oil-based and water-based flaxseed extract types were evaluated using disc diffusion method at different volume per disc (5µl, 10µl and 15µl) and its result was compared to Nystatin's effectiveness. The principle result shows that the oil-based extract exhibited no antifungal activity despite of the increasing quantity used. Interestingly the comparison of mean value for candidal growth inhibition diameter between flaxseed aqueous extract and Nystatin was significant based on p-value less than 0.05. Clearly, Candida albicans growth diameter mean value was greater with higher increment of flaxseed aqueous extract when compared to the Nystatin 100 units control test. The greatest zone of inhibition was seen with 15μl of flaxseed aqueous extract. Thus, water-based flaxseed extract has a great potential to be used as a clinical product to control oral fungal infection while eliminating the unwanted side effects commonly occurring with synthetic products.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018
Tooth impaction is failure of a tooth to erupt into its normal functioning positions within the e... more Tooth impaction is failure of a tooth to erupt into its normal functioning positions within the expected time. It is a condition in which the unerupted or partially erupted tooth is positioned against another tooth, bone, or soft tissue so that complete eruption is unlikely. To study the prevalence of mesioangular impacted mandibular third molar using Orthopanthomograph (OPG) among patients attending Polyclinic, Faculty of Dentistry, IIUM Kuantan Campus. A cross sectional retrospective study on Orthopanthomographic radiographs which were taken from April 2009 until April 2012. OPGs with impacted mandibular third molar were collected and classified according to Winter’s classification; and the angulation measured by Padhye, M. N. et al. (2003) method using Planmeca Romexis software. Then, the position of the mesioangular impaction was further classified using Pell and Gregory classification. Among total 1177 cases of impacted mandibular third molar, 38.1% cases were mesioangular impa...
European Journal of Dentistry, 2021
Objective This study aimed to examine the etiological factors of orofacial pain for patients atte... more Objective This study aimed to examine the etiological factors of orofacial pain for patients attending dental clinic at Faculty of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Materials and Methods This retrospective study examined the data of 248 patients who have attended dental clinic at Faculty of Dentistry IIUM and suffering from different types of orofacial pain. The data were collected from January 2010 to November 2018. The etiologies of pain were classified according to International Classification of Orofacial Pain, 1st edition (2020). Statistical Analysis The association of age and gender with orofacial pain was evaluated by using the Chi-square test, and the significance level was set to 0.05. Results Collected data showed that orofacial pain has different etiologies among the patients attending the dental clinic at Faculty of Dentistry IIUM. Moreover, a statistically significant relation was observed between orofacial pain toward gender and different age...
European journal of dentistry
The aim of this study is to determine the success rate of the endodontically treated teeth in pat... more The aim of this study is to determine the success rate of the endodontically treated teeth in patients attending the Polyclinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), from 2012 to 2015. A retrospective study involved endodontically treated teeth of patients attending the Polyclinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM, from 2012 to 2015. Clinical and radiographic data were recorded and classified as successful or failed, and further analyzed by Fisher's exact test to measure the correlation between the variables using SPSS software version 16.0. Kappa test was used to measure the overall relationship between clinical and radiographic findings. A total of sixty teeth were evaluated clinically and radiographically, the overall success rate was 85% ( = 51). Correlation between the variables showed nonsignificant ( > 0.05) in the success rate among age, gender, and race, upper and lower arches and between anterior and posterior teeth at the time of tr...
Research and reviews: journal of medical and health sciences, 2015
Recurrent oral ulcers are common painful oral mucosal conditions seen among patients which genera... more Recurrent oral ulcers are common painful oral mucosal conditions seen among patients which generally last a few days and typically affect the tongue, lips, cheeks, and can appear in any part of the mouth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Haemoglobin [Hb] statuses with recurrent oral ulceration [ROU] by measuring the Hb level. Forty seven adult Malaysian patients attending the oral medicine clinic, IIUM, were examined for ROU and its relation with Hb level using haemoglobinometer. Both minor and major ulcers were observed in the patients attending oral medicine clinic of Kulliyyah of Dentistry. The male and female patients with ROU had significantly low haemoglobin level with P<0.001. In conclusion, the present study shows high relationship between recurrent oral ulceration and haemoglobin level.
Objectives: To study the effects of Eurycoma Longifolia jack (E.L.) root extract on the serum lep... more Objectives: To study the effects of Eurycoma Longifolia jack (E.L.) root extract on the serum leptin and testosterone levels of male rats. Methodology: Mature male Albino Wistar rats were used in this study. Serum leptin and testosterone ;levels were analyzed before receiving treatment (control group), then the rats were divided into two groups. Group A received 5mg/kg twice daily of pure E.L. root extract. Group B received 10mg/kg twice daily of the same extract. The duration of treatment was 6 weeks for both groups at the end of which, serum leptin and testosterone levels of both groups were analyzed again. Results: The mean serum leptin and testosterone levels for the control group were 1.13ng/ml, 0.79ng/ml. While for group A were1.08ng/ml, 0.98ng/ml and for Group B were 0.89ng/ml,1.75ng/ml respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the serum leptin level of group B was significantly lower than that of control group (p<0.001) and group A(p<0.05). On the other hand, no significant difference in serum leptin levels was observed between the control group and group A. The serum testosterone level was significantly higher in group B than control and group A while group A did not show a statistically significant difference than control. Conclusion: E.L. root extract can significantly decrease serum leptin and increase serum testosterone levels and these effects are dose dependant.
European journal of dentistry
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between tooth loss and the level of blood pressu... more This study aimed to investigate the relationship between tooth loss and the level of blood pressure with the hypothesis that tooth loss is associated with the increase of hypertension in postmenopausal women. Sixty postmenopausal female patients aged 51-68 years were included in the study to assess the relationship between tooth loss and the level of blood pressure. The information including sociodemographics, last menstruation period, hypertension history, and the duration of having tooth loss was recorded. Blood pressure was measured using sphygmomanometer and the number of tooth loss was determined. The results showed a more significant tooth loss in hypertension (median: 23 + 4; interquartile range [IQR]: 6) compared to the normotension postmenopausal women (median: 18 + 6; IQR: 12; < 0.05). Furthermore, obese patients had more tooth loss (median: 23 + 5; IQR: 8) than the overweight patients (median: 19 + 8; IQR: 8). Tooth loss is associated with the increase of hypertension ...
Introduction: Flaxseed from the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum), which has been cultivated for d... more Introduction: Flaxseed from the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum), which has been cultivated for domestic use since prehistoric times. This study aims to investigate presence of antibacterial effect of flaxseed extract against selected oral pathogen in-vitro. Materials and Methods: This is a laboratory experimental in vitro study using selected oral pathogens cultured in nutrient agar. The pathogens then were inoculated in nutrient based broth and incubation for 24hours. Flaxseed extract efficacy was tested by measurement of the zone of inhibition. The antibacterial activities were compared with streptomycin as positive control and DMSO as negative control. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS. Results: There is positive antibacterial effects of flaxseed extract against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus Pyogenes, Pseudomona Aerigenosa and was comparable in efficacy to that of Streptomycin. Conclusion: This study concludes that flaxseed extract has antibacterial activity ageist selective oral pathogens. The implication of this result will be useful in propagating the use of natural based product as therapeutic drug against the chemical WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Eurycoma longifolia jack(E.L) root extract has become famous for giving enhanced sexual performan... more Eurycoma longifolia jack(E.L) root extract has become famous for giving enhanced sexual performance ability through elevation of serum testosterone levels in males. However, although very widely used, it’s possible adverse effects are poorly studied .The objective of this study is to find out if there are any pathological changes that occur in the prostate of rats due to consumption of E.L. root extract. Methodology:45 male rats where used in this study , they were divided into three groups ,group(A) contain 5 rats that represent the control group who did not receive any treatment, group (B) with 20 rats ,received 5mg/Kg twice daily of 100:1 freeze dried water extract of Eurycoma longifolia Jack roots and group (C) with 20 rats received 10mg/kg body weight twice daily of the same extract .The duration of treatment for both groups was 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood was obtained from the rats and serum testosterone level (T) was analyzed. The rats were then terminated and the prostate was removed, weighed and its dimensions measured, then it was processed into haematoxiline and eosin stained slides which were observed under light microscope. Results: Group C showed a significant increase in prostate size, weight and serum T. Histopathological examination of the specimens revealed that there were no significant observable changes in group B in comparison with the control group while group C showed a marked cell proliferation of the prostatic gland lining epithelium that appeared as stratification and intraglandular villus formation of the usual single layer columnar epithelium. Areas of mild dysplastic changes were observed in the lining epithelium characterized by nuclear enlargement and irregularities in the nuclear membrane and hyperchromatism. These dysplastic changes were equivalent to low grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia PIN. Conclusion: E.L. root extract can cause abnormal proliferation in the prostatic epithelium and these changes are dose dependant.
Introduction: Oral ulcers are one of the most common complaints of the oral mucosa lesion. Ulcer ... more Introduction: Oral ulcers are one of the most common complaints of the oral mucosa lesion. Ulcer is defined by damage or discontinuity of the epithelium and lamina propria which usually affects the non-keratinized or poorly keratinized surfaces of the oral mucosa. It is a multifactorial condition several predisposing factors have been suggested. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the increase in cholesterol level and the presence of recurrent oral ulcer.
Background/Objectives: Saliva officinalis (sage) is a natural product that has been given more co... more Background/Objectives: Saliva officinalis (sage) is a natural product that has been given more consideration these days because of its beneficial health effect. There are a lot of active Compounds from S. officinalis essential oil have been shown to exhibit high antibacterial activity against Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; however, there are only few studies on its antifungal effects. The aim of this research is to investigate antifungal ability of different types of Saliva officinalis extract in vitro, and to compare their potency. Materials and Method: Oil and water-based extracts of Saliva officinalis were used in this study in different concentrations, compared to Nystatin(100 units) as a positive control. Inhibitory effect of different concentrations of Saliva officinalis extract on candida albicans was studied under in vitro conditions. The antifungal activity of the extract was measured by percent radial growth inhibition. 500 ppm of the extract was found to have a high inhibitory effect on candida albicance growth. Results & Discussion: Assessment of conidial growth by using different concentrations showed that the oil extract exhibited 90 % inhibition of candidal growth at 500 ppm, comparing to the water extract which exhibited only 40% inhibition of the growth in the same concentration ,according to this study the fungicidal concentrations of S. officinalis oil is 500 ppm . It was found that Sage oil was more than the water extract. Conclusion: this study shows that oil extract has high antifungal activity comparing to the water extract .Based upon the present study it could be concluded that Saliva officinalis oil extract might be promising as a mouth wash in reducing the fungal growth in oral cavity and the incidence of side effect that may occur with some synthetic product.
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Papers by Nazih S Mustafa