The burden of chronic wounds is rising and therefore significant on both individuals and society.... more The burden of chronic wounds is rising and therefore significant on both individuals and society. Whilst the mainstay of leg ulcer care is compression, the provision of this service is actually sporadic. This inequity is partly responsible for varying outcomes of care. In order to improve outcomes, a detailed understanding of the patient journey through a ‘whole systems analysis’ is required. Here, a detailed analysis of the processes and organisations the patient comes into contact with are understood and optimised to improve outcome.
The burden of chronic wounds is rising and therefore significant on both individuals and society.... more The burden of chronic wounds is rising and therefore significant on both individuals and society. Whilst the mainstay of leg ulcer care is compression, the provision of this service is actually sporadic. This inequity is partly responsible for varying outcomes of care. In order to improve outcomes, a detailed understanding of the patient journey through a ‘whole systems analysis’ is required. Here, a detailed analysis of the processes and organisations the patient comes into contact with are understood and optimised to improve outcome.
Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, Pa 19383<br> Beth Israel Me... more Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, Pa 19383<br> Beth Israel Medical Center, I 0 Union Square East, 3H, New York, NY 10003<br> <em>E-mail:</em> [email protected]<br> <em>Manuscript received 17 November 2003, accepted 10 March 2004</em> Emeraldine base, a polyaniline, can passivate steel and thus protect steel from corrosion but does not adhere to the surface<br> of the steel strongly. The pretreatments using aqueous solutions of alizarin sulfonic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid<br> (EDTA) in combination with a little conventional polymer (Premium Plastic warp (PPW is plasticized PVC of Presto<br> Products Company, Appleton WI) were found to be very successful in the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel.
Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, Pa 19383-2215<br> <em>... more Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, Pa 19383-2215<br> <em>E-mail </em>: [email protected]<br> <em>Manuscript received 4 June 2003, revised 23 September 2003. accepted 12 January 2004</em> A soluble conducting polyaniline containing no substituent on the aromatic ring has been synthesized by incorporation of the novel,<br> versatile di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate dopant anion which makes the polyaniline highly soluble in polar, weakly polar and some<br> non polar solvents. The <em>M</em><sub>w</sub> value is 26160 and the solubility (extractability) in TMU and in dichloromethane are 85 and 35%<br> respectively. The electrical conductivity of the dry solid is 5 x 10<sup>-3</sup> S/cm. The dopant ratio is 4 : 1.5 as N : S. The TGA shows<br> that the removal of water which is -4.54% is completed by about 215<sup>o</sup> and that decomposition i.e. remova...
Open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization studies were conducted to study the... more Open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization studies were conducted to study the corrosion behavior of emeraldine base coating on AISI 1018 steel in water, sea water, 5% NaCl and 0.1 M HCl. OCP studies in different media indicate a positive shift in the Ecorr of coated steel which is maintained for a long time. A positive shift in Ecorr indicates protective action of the polymer coating. Electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization studies for coated and uncoated steel in HCl show lower corrosion rates for emeraldine base coated steel, an authentic evidence regarding the protection offered by emeraldine base coating in HCI.
Ashwagandha root extract (ARE) is a reputed herbal supplement in Ayurvedic medicine for a variety... more Ashwagandha root extract (ARE) is a reputed herbal supplement in Ayurvedic medicine for a variety of health conditions. To date, scant attention has been paid to thyrotoxicosis associated with Ashwagandha and it is rarely reported in the literature. We report a 73-year-old female who presented with supraventricular tachycardia, symptoms of hyperthyroidism and significantly low TSH levels, after two years of using ARE as a self-administered treatment for hypothyroidism. Full symptomatic resolution and biochemical improvement ensued upon cessation of the supplement. Though the pathophysiology remains obscure, we hope to promote awareness concerning this rare yet possible side effect of Ashwagandha.
In this research paper, various performances of five different rotor pole topologies of the propo... more In this research paper, various performances of five different rotor pole topologies of the proposed novel modular stator (MS) permanent magnet (PM) flux reversal machine were investigated. The proposed design had concentrated, non-overlapping winding, which offered high average torque capability at a wide speed range. The no-load performances such as coil test analysis, three-phase flux linkage, flux distribution, back-EMF, and cogging torque, and load analysis, such as average torque versus current density, instantaneous torque, and average electromagnetic torque, were compared. The PM modular stator machine had high cogging torque, which created vibration and noise in the machine. Different cogging torque reduction techniques, such as notching, arc, flange and hybrid technique arc flange, arc notch, notch flange, and arc notch flange, were applied to reduce the cogging torque, improve average load torque, and reduce the induced voltage, harmonics, and torque ripples. The maximum ...
Field experiments were conducted on mature tea bushes of Chinese Qi-Men variety at two different ... more Field experiments were conducted on mature tea bushes of Chinese Qi-Men variety at two different altitudes from sea level i.e., at National Tea Research Institute, Shinkiari (1000 masl) and on farmer's field in Konsh valley at village Battal (1500 masl) in district Mansehra. Fresh tea leaves (bud+3) were sampled during the plucking season. After plucking, the leaves were oven's dried at 60oC for 24 hours and analyzed for total polyphenol (TP), caffeine, epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC) and amino acid. The maximum quantity of EGC, caffeine and amino acid was observed in the first pluck during spring whereas, TP was obtained in summer season at both the altitudes. At higher altitude (1500 masl) the maximum quantity of all the constituents were obtained as compare to the lower altitude (1000 masl) except amino acid content.
This case study explores the challenges faced by Postgraduate students at a private sector univer... more This case study explores the challenges faced by Postgraduate students at a private sector university in Lahore. It is an attempt to come up with a model for challenges faced bythe students using Grounded Theory Approach. It fills the gap in the studies regarding challenges faced by postgraduate students at university level in Pakistan. The research questions focus on the challenges faced by the university students to pursue their educational degrees. The sample of the study included 15students of final semester at the Department of English Language and Literature in a private university in Lahore, Pakistan. The instrument of the study was semi-structured interview of the students. The qualitative data was analysed using open, axial and selective coding. Four dimensional challenges emerged as major themes: (a) Dispositional (b) Situational, (c) Institutional, and (d) Academic. These challenges were categorized into further sub-themes. The findings of the study show that these challe...
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2014
The present quantitative study was conducted to explore the socio-economic factors affecting on t... more The present quantitative study was conducted to explore the socio-economic factors affecting on the maternal health in the rural areas of District Layyah. The universe of the present study consisted of the all the fertile women those were able to reproduce. 150 women were selected from the rural areas of the research areas through systematic random sampling. Description of the data and analysis was done through SPSS. It was concluded that the early marriages, low level of education and income, unavailability of the maternal homes and general hospitals, far away of the hospitals, and the absence of doctors and gynecologists in the rural areas and the traditional methods of delivery cases are the major causes of the low level of maternal health in the rural areas of the study area. It was recommended that to improve the maternal health education and income level should be raised and awareness should be given in the study areas.
The aim of the present investigation was to determine the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract ... more The aim of the present investigation was to determine the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract from either fresh or oven dried leaves and root of unstressed or water stressed maize plants on soybean growth and its effects on rhizosphere soil treated with maize plant extract. The extracts were applied for 10h to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] as seed soaking treatment prior to sowing. The application of extract prepared from fresh leaves of unstressed maize plants significantly increased micronutrients contents of soil. Higher concentration of Na + , K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ contents were found in rhizosphere of soybean plants treated with fresh and oven dried leaf extracts of drought stressed maize plants. Both fresh and oven dried leaf extracts significantly increased the Fe + , Cu + , Cr 3+ , Zn 2+ and Co + content of soil. The extract prepared from fresh leaves of drought stressed maize plants significantly increased the accumulation of proline, sugar and endogenous abscisic aci...
Vegetation diversity, distribution and species endemism were studied in high altitude (>3300 m... more Vegetation diversity, distribution and species endemism were studied in high altitude (>3300 m) Himalayan plateau in Northern Pakistan. A heterogeneous vegetation structure and distribution was observed due to complex environmental variables. A total of 83 species belonging to 31 families were recorded from the area. The recorded range of species diversity (1.02 to 2.17) and species richness (1.19 to 1.97) was very low as compared to other Himalayan regions. Detrended correspondence analyses (DCA) revealed slope steepness and associated moisture gradient as the main limiting factors controlling vegetation distribution and community structure. Species diversity and richness were negatively whereas evenness was positively correlated with slope steepness and moisture content. Chorological spectrum of vegetation revealed a high (41%) level of species endemism with 34 recorded Himalayan endemic species. Dominance of unpalatable species indicated prevalent impacts of overgrazing on the...
Pesticide spray is essential for pest control, crop production and protection. However, the direc... more Pesticide spray is essential for pest control, crop production and protection. However, the direct contact of these pesticides with humans may cause cancer, complication in the respiratory system and neurological disorders. This problem is more severe in developing countries as each year more than 100 thousand death cases are reported by World Health Organization. This work presents a modification approach of Quadcopter into a UAV, in such a way that it can fly in manual as well as autopilot mode and can spray on agricultural lands using its ground control station. In this work, a stable system is developed for aerial distribution of pesticides as well as fertilizer to reduce human contact with pesticides. The system consists of; a) a remotecontrolled UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) which is controlled from ground through a flight controller and b) a spraying system which is manually triggered by RF controlled circuit. The reliability of the proposed framework is evaluated on a test a...
In high speed permanent magnet (HSPM) machines, the computation of magnet eddy current loss is es... more In high speed permanent magnet (HSPM) machines, the computation of magnet eddy current loss is essential as these losses significantly affect the temperature of the permanent magnet (PM) and electromagnetic performance and can result in irreversible demagnetization of the PM. Several techniques have been adopted to minimize the eddy current loss of the PM; however, superior performance has not been achieved yet. In this paper, the design characteristics of the HSPM machine are analyzed. The PM is covered by a titanium sleeve to retain the PM on the rotor and to further reduce the eddy current loss of the magnet. The undesirable harmonics of the airgap flux density are minimized, which reduces the eddy current loss in the solid PM and rotor. Two existing models, with and without auxiliary slots, are examined and compared with the proposed design having a titanium-based retaining sleeve. The analysis reveals that the eddy-current loss, cogging torque, and iron losses of the PM are reduced by 82%, 73%, and 44.7%, respectively, in the proposed model; however, a marginal increase is observed in the average rated torque profile and open circuit flux linkage. INDEX TERMS Auxiliary slot, eddy current losses, finite element analysis, high speed machine, iron loss, permanent magnet, sleeve, spatial harmonics.
University of Chitral Journal of Linguistics and Literature, 2019
Jane Austen is acknowledged for the application of realism and satire in her novels. This paper f... more Jane Austen is acknowledged for the application of realism and satire in her novels. This paper focuses on the analysis of realism and satire in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice; however, her entire oeuvre spotlights the features (of satire and realism) alongside robust feminism: typical of her literary taste and temperament, not necessarily of the Romantic Age which she lived in. Rigorous analysis and realistic observation reveals that the employment of realism and satire in Pride and Prejudice, are quite obvious, in all sorts of aspects including narrative, settings, themes and characters. Analysis of the novel under study leads to the observation that satire and realism go hand in hand in the said novel—intermittently—and thoughtfully. Conclusively, it is observed that Jane Austen’s literary life had a tremendous influence on how to subsume realism (primarily through matrimonies) of age and satire on a romantic society (whereby ideals collapse headlong), in Pride and Prejudice.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2018
Wheat has been a prime source of food for the mankind for centuries. The final wheat grain yield ... more Wheat has been a prime source of food for the mankind for centuries. The final wheat grain yield is the multitude of the complex interaction among the various yield attributes such as kernel per plant, Spike per plant, NSpt/s, Spike Dry Weight (SDW), etc. Different approaches have been followed to understand the non-linear relationship between the attributes and the yield to manage the crop better in the context of precision agriculture. In this study, Principle Component analysis (PCA) and Stepwise regression used to reduce the dimension of the original data to get the critical attributes under study. The reduced dataset is then modeled using the Radial Basis neural network. RBNN provides the regression value more than 0.95 which indicates the strong dependence of the yield on the critical traits.
The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 2018
Yarn’s surface to metal friction is an important consideration in the subsequent process of knitt... more Yarn’s surface to metal friction is an important consideration in the subsequent process of knitting and weaving as it influences mainly the ends down rate, fly generation, process efficiency, wear and tear of machine parts, and production rate of the process. These frictional properties are measured in terms of the coefficient of friction of yarn. The effect of cotton type, yarn twist, yarn linear density, process type, and finishing treatment was studied on the surface to the metal friction coefficient of cotton spun yarn using Taguchi experimental design. The experiments were conducted with Pakistani and Indian cotton using combed and carded ring spinning processes. Using Taguchi design of experiment, a total of 36 samples of cotton ring-spun yarns were produced. The coefficient of friction between the yarn’s surface and metal’s surface is measured in compliance with ASTM D3108. The outcome of the Taguchi model to predict the coefficient of friction of yarns with a predefined com...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019
The primitive neurohypophyseal nonapeptide oxytocin (OXT) has established functions in parturitio... more The primitive neurohypophyseal nonapeptide oxytocin (OXT) has established functions in parturition, lactation, appetite, and social behavior. We have shown that OXT has direct actions on the mammalian skeleton, stimulating bone formation by osteoblasts and modulating the genesis and function of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. We deleted OXT receptors (OXTRs) selectively in osteoblasts and osteoclasts using Col2.3Cre and Acp5Cre mice, respectively. Both male and female Col2.3Cre+:Oxtrfl/fl mice recapitulate the low-bone mass phenotype of Oxtr+/− mice, suggesting that OXT has a prominent osteoblastic action in vivo. Furthermore, abolishment of the anabolic effect of estrogen in Col2.3Cre+:Oxtrfl/fl mice suggests that osteoblastic OXTRs are necessary for estrogen action. In addition, the high bone mass in Acp5Cre+:Oxtrfl/fl mice indicates a prominent action of OXT in stimulating osteoclastogenesis. In contrast, we found that in pregnant and lactating Col2.3Cre+:Oxtrfl/fl mice, elevated OXT...
The burden of chronic wounds is rising and therefore significant on both individuals and society.... more The burden of chronic wounds is rising and therefore significant on both individuals and society. Whilst the mainstay of leg ulcer care is compression, the provision of this service is actually sporadic. This inequity is partly responsible for varying outcomes of care. In order to improve outcomes, a detailed understanding of the patient journey through a ‘whole systems analysis’ is required. Here, a detailed analysis of the processes and organisations the patient comes into contact with are understood and optimised to improve outcome.
The burden of chronic wounds is rising and therefore significant on both individuals and society.... more The burden of chronic wounds is rising and therefore significant on both individuals and society. Whilst the mainstay of leg ulcer care is compression, the provision of this service is actually sporadic. This inequity is partly responsible for varying outcomes of care. In order to improve outcomes, a detailed understanding of the patient journey through a ‘whole systems analysis’ is required. Here, a detailed analysis of the processes and organisations the patient comes into contact with are understood and optimised to improve outcome.
Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, Pa 19383<br> Beth Israel Me... more Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, Pa 19383<br> Beth Israel Medical Center, I 0 Union Square East, 3H, New York, NY 10003<br> <em>E-mail:</em> [email protected]<br> <em>Manuscript received 17 November 2003, accepted 10 March 2004</em> Emeraldine base, a polyaniline, can passivate steel and thus protect steel from corrosion but does not adhere to the surface<br> of the steel strongly. The pretreatments using aqueous solutions of alizarin sulfonic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid<br> (EDTA) in combination with a little conventional polymer (Premium Plastic warp (PPW is plasticized PVC of Presto<br> Products Company, Appleton WI) were found to be very successful in the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel.
Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, Pa 19383-2215<br> <em>... more Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, Pa 19383-2215<br> <em>E-mail </em>: [email protected]<br> <em>Manuscript received 4 June 2003, revised 23 September 2003. accepted 12 January 2004</em> A soluble conducting polyaniline containing no substituent on the aromatic ring has been synthesized by incorporation of the novel,<br> versatile di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate dopant anion which makes the polyaniline highly soluble in polar, weakly polar and some<br> non polar solvents. The <em>M</em><sub>w</sub> value is 26160 and the solubility (extractability) in TMU and in dichloromethane are 85 and 35%<br> respectively. The electrical conductivity of the dry solid is 5 x 10<sup>-3</sup> S/cm. The dopant ratio is 4 : 1.5 as N : S. The TGA shows<br> that the removal of water which is -4.54% is completed by about 215<sup>o</sup> and that decomposition i.e. remova...
Open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization studies were conducted to study the... more Open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization studies were conducted to study the corrosion behavior of emeraldine base coating on AISI 1018 steel in water, sea water, 5% NaCl and 0.1 M HCl. OCP studies in different media indicate a positive shift in the Ecorr of coated steel which is maintained for a long time. A positive shift in Ecorr indicates protective action of the polymer coating. Electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization studies for coated and uncoated steel in HCl show lower corrosion rates for emeraldine base coated steel, an authentic evidence regarding the protection offered by emeraldine base coating in HCI.
Ashwagandha root extract (ARE) is a reputed herbal supplement in Ayurvedic medicine for a variety... more Ashwagandha root extract (ARE) is a reputed herbal supplement in Ayurvedic medicine for a variety of health conditions. To date, scant attention has been paid to thyrotoxicosis associated with Ashwagandha and it is rarely reported in the literature. We report a 73-year-old female who presented with supraventricular tachycardia, symptoms of hyperthyroidism and significantly low TSH levels, after two years of using ARE as a self-administered treatment for hypothyroidism. Full symptomatic resolution and biochemical improvement ensued upon cessation of the supplement. Though the pathophysiology remains obscure, we hope to promote awareness concerning this rare yet possible side effect of Ashwagandha.
In this research paper, various performances of five different rotor pole topologies of the propo... more In this research paper, various performances of five different rotor pole topologies of the proposed novel modular stator (MS) permanent magnet (PM) flux reversal machine were investigated. The proposed design had concentrated, non-overlapping winding, which offered high average torque capability at a wide speed range. The no-load performances such as coil test analysis, three-phase flux linkage, flux distribution, back-EMF, and cogging torque, and load analysis, such as average torque versus current density, instantaneous torque, and average electromagnetic torque, were compared. The PM modular stator machine had high cogging torque, which created vibration and noise in the machine. Different cogging torque reduction techniques, such as notching, arc, flange and hybrid technique arc flange, arc notch, notch flange, and arc notch flange, were applied to reduce the cogging torque, improve average load torque, and reduce the induced voltage, harmonics, and torque ripples. The maximum ...
Field experiments were conducted on mature tea bushes of Chinese Qi-Men variety at two different ... more Field experiments were conducted on mature tea bushes of Chinese Qi-Men variety at two different altitudes from sea level i.e., at National Tea Research Institute, Shinkiari (1000 masl) and on farmer's field in Konsh valley at village Battal (1500 masl) in district Mansehra. Fresh tea leaves (bud+3) were sampled during the plucking season. After plucking, the leaves were oven's dried at 60oC for 24 hours and analyzed for total polyphenol (TP), caffeine, epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC) and amino acid. The maximum quantity of EGC, caffeine and amino acid was observed in the first pluck during spring whereas, TP was obtained in summer season at both the altitudes. At higher altitude (1500 masl) the maximum quantity of all the constituents were obtained as compare to the lower altitude (1000 masl) except amino acid content.
This case study explores the challenges faced by Postgraduate students at a private sector univer... more This case study explores the challenges faced by Postgraduate students at a private sector university in Lahore. It is an attempt to come up with a model for challenges faced bythe students using Grounded Theory Approach. It fills the gap in the studies regarding challenges faced by postgraduate students at university level in Pakistan. The research questions focus on the challenges faced by the university students to pursue their educational degrees. The sample of the study included 15students of final semester at the Department of English Language and Literature in a private university in Lahore, Pakistan. The instrument of the study was semi-structured interview of the students. The qualitative data was analysed using open, axial and selective coding. Four dimensional challenges emerged as major themes: (a) Dispositional (b) Situational, (c) Institutional, and (d) Academic. These challenges were categorized into further sub-themes. The findings of the study show that these challe...
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2014
The present quantitative study was conducted to explore the socio-economic factors affecting on t... more The present quantitative study was conducted to explore the socio-economic factors affecting on the maternal health in the rural areas of District Layyah. The universe of the present study consisted of the all the fertile women those were able to reproduce. 150 women were selected from the rural areas of the research areas through systematic random sampling. Description of the data and analysis was done through SPSS. It was concluded that the early marriages, low level of education and income, unavailability of the maternal homes and general hospitals, far away of the hospitals, and the absence of doctors and gynecologists in the rural areas and the traditional methods of delivery cases are the major causes of the low level of maternal health in the rural areas of the study area. It was recommended that to improve the maternal health education and income level should be raised and awareness should be given in the study areas.
The aim of the present investigation was to determine the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract ... more The aim of the present investigation was to determine the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract from either fresh or oven dried leaves and root of unstressed or water stressed maize plants on soybean growth and its effects on rhizosphere soil treated with maize plant extract. The extracts were applied for 10h to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] as seed soaking treatment prior to sowing. The application of extract prepared from fresh leaves of unstressed maize plants significantly increased micronutrients contents of soil. Higher concentration of Na + , K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ contents were found in rhizosphere of soybean plants treated with fresh and oven dried leaf extracts of drought stressed maize plants. Both fresh and oven dried leaf extracts significantly increased the Fe + , Cu + , Cr 3+ , Zn 2+ and Co + content of soil. The extract prepared from fresh leaves of drought stressed maize plants significantly increased the accumulation of proline, sugar and endogenous abscisic aci...
Vegetation diversity, distribution and species endemism were studied in high altitude (>3300 m... more Vegetation diversity, distribution and species endemism were studied in high altitude (>3300 m) Himalayan plateau in Northern Pakistan. A heterogeneous vegetation structure and distribution was observed due to complex environmental variables. A total of 83 species belonging to 31 families were recorded from the area. The recorded range of species diversity (1.02 to 2.17) and species richness (1.19 to 1.97) was very low as compared to other Himalayan regions. Detrended correspondence analyses (DCA) revealed slope steepness and associated moisture gradient as the main limiting factors controlling vegetation distribution and community structure. Species diversity and richness were negatively whereas evenness was positively correlated with slope steepness and moisture content. Chorological spectrum of vegetation revealed a high (41%) level of species endemism with 34 recorded Himalayan endemic species. Dominance of unpalatable species indicated prevalent impacts of overgrazing on the...
Pesticide spray is essential for pest control, crop production and protection. However, the direc... more Pesticide spray is essential for pest control, crop production and protection. However, the direct contact of these pesticides with humans may cause cancer, complication in the respiratory system and neurological disorders. This problem is more severe in developing countries as each year more than 100 thousand death cases are reported by World Health Organization. This work presents a modification approach of Quadcopter into a UAV, in such a way that it can fly in manual as well as autopilot mode and can spray on agricultural lands using its ground control station. In this work, a stable system is developed for aerial distribution of pesticides as well as fertilizer to reduce human contact with pesticides. The system consists of; a) a remotecontrolled UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) which is controlled from ground through a flight controller and b) a spraying system which is manually triggered by RF controlled circuit. The reliability of the proposed framework is evaluated on a test a...
In high speed permanent magnet (HSPM) machines, the computation of magnet eddy current loss is es... more In high speed permanent magnet (HSPM) machines, the computation of magnet eddy current loss is essential as these losses significantly affect the temperature of the permanent magnet (PM) and electromagnetic performance and can result in irreversible demagnetization of the PM. Several techniques have been adopted to minimize the eddy current loss of the PM; however, superior performance has not been achieved yet. In this paper, the design characteristics of the HSPM machine are analyzed. The PM is covered by a titanium sleeve to retain the PM on the rotor and to further reduce the eddy current loss of the magnet. The undesirable harmonics of the airgap flux density are minimized, which reduces the eddy current loss in the solid PM and rotor. Two existing models, with and without auxiliary slots, are examined and compared with the proposed design having a titanium-based retaining sleeve. The analysis reveals that the eddy-current loss, cogging torque, and iron losses of the PM are reduced by 82%, 73%, and 44.7%, respectively, in the proposed model; however, a marginal increase is observed in the average rated torque profile and open circuit flux linkage. INDEX TERMS Auxiliary slot, eddy current losses, finite element analysis, high speed machine, iron loss, permanent magnet, sleeve, spatial harmonics.
University of Chitral Journal of Linguistics and Literature, 2019
Jane Austen is acknowledged for the application of realism and satire in her novels. This paper f... more Jane Austen is acknowledged for the application of realism and satire in her novels. This paper focuses on the analysis of realism and satire in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice; however, her entire oeuvre spotlights the features (of satire and realism) alongside robust feminism: typical of her literary taste and temperament, not necessarily of the Romantic Age which she lived in. Rigorous analysis and realistic observation reveals that the employment of realism and satire in Pride and Prejudice, are quite obvious, in all sorts of aspects including narrative, settings, themes and characters. Analysis of the novel under study leads to the observation that satire and realism go hand in hand in the said novel—intermittently—and thoughtfully. Conclusively, it is observed that Jane Austen’s literary life had a tremendous influence on how to subsume realism (primarily through matrimonies) of age and satire on a romantic society (whereby ideals collapse headlong), in Pride and Prejudice.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2018
Wheat has been a prime source of food for the mankind for centuries. The final wheat grain yield ... more Wheat has been a prime source of food for the mankind for centuries. The final wheat grain yield is the multitude of the complex interaction among the various yield attributes such as kernel per plant, Spike per plant, NSpt/s, Spike Dry Weight (SDW), etc. Different approaches have been followed to understand the non-linear relationship between the attributes and the yield to manage the crop better in the context of precision agriculture. In this study, Principle Component analysis (PCA) and Stepwise regression used to reduce the dimension of the original data to get the critical attributes under study. The reduced dataset is then modeled using the Radial Basis neural network. RBNN provides the regression value more than 0.95 which indicates the strong dependence of the yield on the critical traits.
The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 2018
Yarn’s surface to metal friction is an important consideration in the subsequent process of knitt... more Yarn’s surface to metal friction is an important consideration in the subsequent process of knitting and weaving as it influences mainly the ends down rate, fly generation, process efficiency, wear and tear of machine parts, and production rate of the process. These frictional properties are measured in terms of the coefficient of friction of yarn. The effect of cotton type, yarn twist, yarn linear density, process type, and finishing treatment was studied on the surface to the metal friction coefficient of cotton spun yarn using Taguchi experimental design. The experiments were conducted with Pakistani and Indian cotton using combed and carded ring spinning processes. Using Taguchi design of experiment, a total of 36 samples of cotton ring-spun yarns were produced. The coefficient of friction between the yarn’s surface and metal’s surface is measured in compliance with ASTM D3108. The outcome of the Taguchi model to predict the coefficient of friction of yarns with a predefined com...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019
The primitive neurohypophyseal nonapeptide oxytocin (OXT) has established functions in parturitio... more The primitive neurohypophyseal nonapeptide oxytocin (OXT) has established functions in parturition, lactation, appetite, and social behavior. We have shown that OXT has direct actions on the mammalian skeleton, stimulating bone formation by osteoblasts and modulating the genesis and function of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. We deleted OXT receptors (OXTRs) selectively in osteoblasts and osteoclasts using Col2.3Cre and Acp5Cre mice, respectively. Both male and female Col2.3Cre+:Oxtrfl/fl mice recapitulate the low-bone mass phenotype of Oxtr+/− mice, suggesting that OXT has a prominent osteoblastic action in vivo. Furthermore, abolishment of the anabolic effect of estrogen in Col2.3Cre+:Oxtrfl/fl mice suggests that osteoblastic OXTRs are necessary for estrogen action. In addition, the high bone mass in Acp5Cre+:Oxtrfl/fl mice indicates a prominent action of OXT in stimulating osteoclastogenesis. In contrast, we found that in pregnant and lactating Col2.3Cre+:Oxtrfl/fl mice, elevated OXT...
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