Agricultural and biological chemistry, Apr 1, 1985
An in vitro method, using proteolytic enzymes for protein hydrolysis, was used to evaluate the ef... more An in vitro method, using proteolytic enzymes for protein hydrolysis, was used to evaluate the effect of extrusion cooking on protein quality. The products studied were protein-enriched biscuits processed in a twin-screw extruder under different conditions. In the product processed at low temperature (I 70°C), the digestibility was comparable with that of the raw material. With increasing temperature (170 to 210°C), the in vitro availability of amino acids decreased. This decrease was most pronounced in the case of lysine, but the recovery of methionine, arginine, glycine, aspartic acid and aspargine was also affected. A loss of lysine, methionine and arginine could also be detected after acid hydrolysis. The total amount of lysine present in the raw material was not completely available, as judged from the in vitro assay as well as from balance experiments in rats. With increasing severity of heat treatment, the loss of bioiogically available lysine was more pronounced than the loss of total lysine. However, the loss of enzymatically available lysine was in good agreement with the results obtained in animal experiments. An increase in moisture content of the feed during processing, from 13 to 18%, improved the availability of lysine in particular.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, May 1, 1977
The gas chromatographic method of amino acid analysis requires that the sample is hydrolyzed to r... more The gas chromatographic method of amino acid analysis requires that the sample is hydrolyzed to release the amino acids, which are then cleaned in an ion-exchange column, converted to volatile derivatives, and then separated on a polyester as well as on a silicone column. These different steps contribute to certain amounts of variation in the recovery of the individual amino acids. In addition, the various components of the food samples, especially carbohydrates, could affect the recovery of some amino acids.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Nov 1, 1981
A strict vegetarian diet [vegan diet (VD)] was investigated. Six middle-aged vegans (three men an... more A strict vegetarian diet [vegan diet (VD)] was investigated. Six middle-aged vegans (three men and three women) collected copies of 24-h diets using the duplicate portion sampling technique. By chemical analyses, the nutrient composition was determined in detail and compared with corresponding figures of a normal mixed Swedish diet. In the VD 30% of the energy originated from fat compared with 40% in normal Swedish mixed diet (MD). Linoleic acid was the dominant fatty acid (60% of total fat in VD versus 8% in MD). The VD contained 24 g protein/1000 kcal compared to 30 g/1000 kcal in MD, but the intake of essential amino acids by the vegans exceeded the recommendations. Dietary fiber was about 5 times higher in the vegan diet (29 versus 6 g/1000 kcal) and sucrose similar to MD (18 versus 21 g/1000 kcal). Among the inorganic nutrients the concentration of calcium (351 versus 391 mg/1000 kcal) and sodium (53 versus 49 mmol/1000 kcal) were similar in both types of diets but the amount of potassium (56 versus 30 mmol/1000 kcal, magnesium (300 versus 110 mg/1000 kcal), iron (9 versus 6.5 mg/1000 kcal), zinc (6.5 versus 4.7 mg/1000 kcal), and copper (2 versus 0.7 mg/1000 kcal) were nearly doubled. Iodine (39 versus 156 micrograms/1000 kcal and selenium (5 versus 17 micrograms/1000 kcal) were much lower in the VD, selenium even being undetectable in several 24-h diets. The VD was rich in folic acid (301 versus 90 micrograms/1000 kcal in MD) but the intake of vitamin B12 was only 0.3 to 0.4 microgram/day (MD: 3 to 4 micrograms/day). No clinical signs of nutritional deficiency were observed in the vegans. Serum protein levels of the vegans as well as their serum lipoproteins were near the lower range of the reference group. In addition, none of the vegans was overweight and their blood pressures were low for their age.
ABSTRACT Objective: To study in vitro properties of potential probiotics and the antimicrobial ac... more ABSTRACT Objective: To study in vitro properties of potential probiotics and the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus 231 isolated from human faeces. Methods and Results: Lact. rhamnosus 231 isolated from human faeces tolerated bile salt (4%), phenol (0.5%), and NaCl (4%) and retained viability at low pH (2.5). The cell-free culture (CFC) filtrate and extracellular protein concentrate (EPC) of Lact. rhamnosus 231 contained antimicrobial substances active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter jejuni, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, and Listeria monocytogenes. EPC contained a mixture of low molecular weight antimicrobial proteins, produced during log and stationary phases of growth against the test organisms. Thermostability of the antimicrobial proteins and their sensitivity to proteinase K was observed to be test organism specific. The antimicrobial activity was observed in the pH range 4.59 except against Ps. aeruginosa and Ent. aerogenes. These antimicrobial proteins are low molecular weight (4 kDa) anionic peptides as determined by tricine-SDS-PAGE and 2D gel. Periodic acid-Schiff's (PAS) staining of gel confirmed the presence of carbohydrate moiety with low molecular weight peptides. The antimicrobial activity of the partially purified protein was determined against Staph. aureus 74B, H. pylori 33, H. pylori 17874, and C. jejuni CJE 33566. Conclusion: Human Lact. rhamnosus 231 exhibits in vitro properties of potential probiotic. CFC filtrate and EPC of Lact. rhamnosus 231 exhibit antimicrobial activity against potential human pathogens and food spoilage organisms. Antimicrobial proteins in EPC were partially purified and characterized. In vitro properties of potential probiotic and antimicrobial properties of Lact. rhamnosus 231 could be useful as food additive against human pathogens and removal of food contaminants in the target environment.
Abstract In a single blind cross-over study we compared the effects of a vegan diet and of a meat... more Abstract In a single blind cross-over study we compared the effects of a vegan diet and of a meat diet on the nitrogen metabolism and on the mental status in 10 patients with stable liver cirrhosis and a history of hepatic encephalopathy and bleeding from oesophageal varices. We used an extensive psychometric test battery to be able to detect minor changes in the encephalopathy. The results of the psychometric tests obtained with either diet, compared to the pre-study values revealed significant improvements in four out of six tests. The Bourdon-Wirsma Dot-test (measuring perceptual speed) was the only test that demonstrated a significant improvement as a result of the vegan diet compared to the meat diet. The venous plasma ammonia and creatinine concentrations remained unchanged during the study, nor was there any change in the mean daily urea and creatinine excretion. The plasma tyrosine concentrations were reduced by the vegan diet. The results of the present study support the suggestion that a vegan diet may have a more positive effect than a meat diet on the mental status of patients with liver disease. The mechanism behind this remains obscure.
With the high rate at which the world population is growing, the world' food supply should gr... more With the high rate at which the world population is growing, the world' food supply should grow at the same rate if not faster. The most affected from these will be the people in the so called third world countries. Undernourishment in these countries is largely related to the availability of food in the markets, the purchasing power of the households, food distribution among family members as well as the living conditions of the people.
We investigated certain properties of starch in raw and in heat-treated samples of quinoa, proper... more We investigated certain properties of starch in raw and in heat-treated samples of quinoa, properties that are of importance to the nutritional quality of an infant food currently being developed. Scanning electron microscopy of the starch in raw seeds showed polygonal granules (0.6 to 2.0#m diameter) to be present both singly and as spherical aggregates. Thermograms (DSC) of the flours showed one transition phase for gelatinisation of the starch and another for the amytose-lipid complex. The gelatinisation temperature of the starch was 67 °C. Cooked samples manifested the highest degree of gelatinisation (97%), followed by the drum-dried (96%) and autoclaved (27%) samples. Separation of the starch on a SEPHAROSE CL-2B column showed the quinoa starch to be affected by the heat treatment, manifesting changes in the degree and extent of degradation. The amylograph viscosity of the quinoa flour showed no distinct peak for pasting, but the viscosity remained constant after gelatinisation. Cooking and autoclaving modified the viscosity of the paste, The drum-dried sample manifested a higher initial viscosity at 25 °C. The in vitro digestibility of raw quinoa starch determined by incubation for 60 min with a-amylase was 22%, while that of autoclaved, cooked and drum-dried samples was 32%, 45 % and 73 %, respectively. Saponins did not affect the digestibility of the starch, though they tended to increase the amylograph viscosity. The total dietary fibre content in the cooked sample (11.0%) was significantly lower than that in the autoclaved (13.2%), drum-dried (13.3%) or raw samples (13.3%), while the insoluble dietary fibre fraction in the samples did not change with heat treatment. However, as compared with that of raw quinoa, the soluble dietary fibre fraction was reduced significantly both by cooking (0.9%) and by autoclaving (1.0%).
Insectivorous plants use enzymes to digest their prey. These plants found in the tropical areas l... more Insectivorous plants use enzymes to digest their prey. These plants found in the tropical areas like forest of east India. Mostly insectivorous plants produce their own digestive enzymes to digest their captured insects and small animals diverge from protozoa to invertebrates. The plants need extreme sunlight and rainwater to sustain. These plants consume insects to suck the nutrients from the pray since the plant grows in nutrient less soil especially in nitrogen and potassium. The studies have shown the digestive enzyme from the plants has the proficiency to fight against the various diseases in human like Cancer, Diarrhea, Cholera, Hepatitis, Digestive process related diseases also the phytochemicals found in the insectivorous plants shows resistance against the various metabolic targets of numerous human diseases. Our study has collected 810 putative digestive enzymes with blast hit and domain search; we have characterized the full enzymes using partial sequence as a templet and predicted the function. The structure modelling has done for the phosphatase enzymes using I-Tesser server. Our future study includes in vitro identification of digestive enzymes in Genlisea aurea and its further application in degrading the waste materials.
The anti-nutritional factor evaluation of Canavalia gladiata seed flour indicated a high amount o... more The anti-nutritional factor evaluation of Canavalia gladiata seed flour indicated a high amount of phytic acid, which decreased with processing. The raw cotyledon fraction had the highest content of phytate (8.5 mgg I) whereas the dry-autoclaved cotyledon flour had only 4.3 mgg'. The seed coat contained an a-amylase inhibitor and a trypsin inhibitor. The presence of an a-amylase inhibitor in the seed coat was established for the first time. The trypsin inhibitor activity of whole seed flour and boiled whole seed flour was 4866 TIUg·l and 2745 TIUg· respectively. The raw cotyledon was devoid of any inhibitor activity. The molecular weight of the trypsin inhibitor was found to be around 90 kD. The raw whole seed extract indicated a decrease in the a-amylase activity by 924 UIL indicating the presence of an inhibitor. There was complete inhibition of a-amylase activity by the raw seed coat extract. In the boiled seed coat extract the a-amylase activity increased (284 UIL). The diff...
Ces barres de confiserie, a base de germes de ble, d'huile de soja, de lait en poudre et de f... more Ces barres de confiserie, a base de germes de ble, d'huile de soja, de lait en poudre et de fruits secs, sont complementees, avant extrusion, par de la farine de soja et du gruau de riz. On etudie leur composition chimique et leur valeur nutritive, chez les jeunes enfants
Six middle-aged lactovegetarians (three men and three women) collected copies of four 24-h diets ... more Six middle-aged lactovegetarians (three men and three women) collected copies of four 24-h diets using the duplicate portion sampling technique. By chemical analyses, the nutrient composition of the lactovegetarian diet was determined in detail and compared with that of a mixed Swedish diet (normal) and a vegan diet (vegan) studied previously. The nutrient composition of the lactovegetarian diet expressed per 1000 kcal represented an average between normal and vegan diets. It was in closer agreement with Swedish recommended dietary allowances than the normal Swedish diet. Thus, the lactovegetarian diet contained 35% of the energy as fat and was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid, which resulted in a polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio of 0.6. The lactovegetarian diet had a cholesterol concentration only half of that of a normal diet. Protein content and amino acid composition were well above recommendations. The lactovegetarian diets contained less sucrose...
The search for an enzyme as a reagent for selective bioanalytical detection of the neurotoxic ami... more The search for an enzyme as a reagent for selective bioanalytical detection of the neurotoxic amino acid, β-N-oxalyl L-alpha, β-diaminopropionic acid, β-ODAP (found in grass pea, Lathyrus sativus) led to its redox catalytic reaction by glutamate oxidase (GluOx). Homogeneous kinetic studies and an immobilized GluOx reactor-based flow-injection assay were initially made for beta-ODAP with small immobilized GluOx/catalase glutamate destroying prereactors. The method was applied to examine the toxin content in processed grass pea. The kinetics and the equilibrium of the thermal isomerization of β-ODAP to the nontoxic isomer α-ODAP established that GluOx is specific to the neurotoxin. The first ever GluOx-based amperometric biosensor for liquid chromatography (LC) detection was reported in 1997. This biosensor coupled with a refractive index detector improved LC performance. The most recent work with GluOx resulted in MnO
The seeds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd), a food crop of the Andean region of Latin Americ... more The seeds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd), a food crop of the Andean region of Latin America, contain protein of good quality and high amounts of carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, and minerals. An industrial process for manufacturing infant food using quinoa as a basic raw material is being developed. The presence of antinutrients are of importance in this context, and this paper deals with saponins, phytic acid, tannins and protease inhibitors in quinoa seeds. The samples of quinoa analysed in this experiment contained two main types of saponins. The amount of saponin A (fl-D-glucopyranosyl-[/3-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 ~ 3)-a-L-arabino-pyranosyl-(1-~ 3)]-3-fl-23-dihydroxy-12-en-28-oate methyl ester) was 0.7% of the dry weight and that of the saponin B (fl-o-glucopyranosyl-[fl-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-~ 3)-a-L-arabino-pyranosyl-(1-~ 3)]-3-fl-23-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oate was 0-2% of the dry weight. These were the major saponins found in the quinoa bran collected while polishing the seeds. After scrubbing and washing, the level of saponin-A remaining in the seeds decreased to 0.31% of the dry weight, and saponin-B was completely removed by this process. The content of phytic acid in the quinoa seeds was about 1% of the dry matter, and scrubbing and washing reduced the phytic acid content of the seeds by about 30%. Neither protease inhibitor nor tannins were detected in the quinoa seeds.
Agricultural and biological chemistry, Apr 1, 1985
An in vitro method, using proteolytic enzymes for protein hydrolysis, was used to evaluate the ef... more An in vitro method, using proteolytic enzymes for protein hydrolysis, was used to evaluate the effect of extrusion cooking on protein quality. The products studied were protein-enriched biscuits processed in a twin-screw extruder under different conditions. In the product processed at low temperature (I 70°C), the digestibility was comparable with that of the raw material. With increasing temperature (170 to 210°C), the in vitro availability of amino acids decreased. This decrease was most pronounced in the case of lysine, but the recovery of methionine, arginine, glycine, aspartic acid and aspargine was also affected. A loss of lysine, methionine and arginine could also be detected after acid hydrolysis. The total amount of lysine present in the raw material was not completely available, as judged from the in vitro assay as well as from balance experiments in rats. With increasing severity of heat treatment, the loss of bioiogically available lysine was more pronounced than the loss of total lysine. However, the loss of enzymatically available lysine was in good agreement with the results obtained in animal experiments. An increase in moisture content of the feed during processing, from 13 to 18%, improved the availability of lysine in particular.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, May 1, 1977
The gas chromatographic method of amino acid analysis requires that the sample is hydrolyzed to r... more The gas chromatographic method of amino acid analysis requires that the sample is hydrolyzed to release the amino acids, which are then cleaned in an ion-exchange column, converted to volatile derivatives, and then separated on a polyester as well as on a silicone column. These different steps contribute to certain amounts of variation in the recovery of the individual amino acids. In addition, the various components of the food samples, especially carbohydrates, could affect the recovery of some amino acids.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Nov 1, 1981
A strict vegetarian diet [vegan diet (VD)] was investigated. Six middle-aged vegans (three men an... more A strict vegetarian diet [vegan diet (VD)] was investigated. Six middle-aged vegans (three men and three women) collected copies of 24-h diets using the duplicate portion sampling technique. By chemical analyses, the nutrient composition was determined in detail and compared with corresponding figures of a normal mixed Swedish diet. In the VD 30% of the energy originated from fat compared with 40% in normal Swedish mixed diet (MD). Linoleic acid was the dominant fatty acid (60% of total fat in VD versus 8% in MD). The VD contained 24 g protein/1000 kcal compared to 30 g/1000 kcal in MD, but the intake of essential amino acids by the vegans exceeded the recommendations. Dietary fiber was about 5 times higher in the vegan diet (29 versus 6 g/1000 kcal) and sucrose similar to MD (18 versus 21 g/1000 kcal). Among the inorganic nutrients the concentration of calcium (351 versus 391 mg/1000 kcal) and sodium (53 versus 49 mmol/1000 kcal) were similar in both types of diets but the amount of potassium (56 versus 30 mmol/1000 kcal, magnesium (300 versus 110 mg/1000 kcal), iron (9 versus 6.5 mg/1000 kcal), zinc (6.5 versus 4.7 mg/1000 kcal), and copper (2 versus 0.7 mg/1000 kcal) were nearly doubled. Iodine (39 versus 156 micrograms/1000 kcal and selenium (5 versus 17 micrograms/1000 kcal) were much lower in the VD, selenium even being undetectable in several 24-h diets. The VD was rich in folic acid (301 versus 90 micrograms/1000 kcal in MD) but the intake of vitamin B12 was only 0.3 to 0.4 microgram/day (MD: 3 to 4 micrograms/day). No clinical signs of nutritional deficiency were observed in the vegans. Serum protein levels of the vegans as well as their serum lipoproteins were near the lower range of the reference group. In addition, none of the vegans was overweight and their blood pressures were low for their age.
ABSTRACT Objective: To study in vitro properties of potential probiotics and the antimicrobial ac... more ABSTRACT Objective: To study in vitro properties of potential probiotics and the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus 231 isolated from human faeces. Methods and Results: Lact. rhamnosus 231 isolated from human faeces tolerated bile salt (4%), phenol (0.5%), and NaCl (4%) and retained viability at low pH (2.5). The cell-free culture (CFC) filtrate and extracellular protein concentrate (EPC) of Lact. rhamnosus 231 contained antimicrobial substances active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter jejuni, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, and Listeria monocytogenes. EPC contained a mixture of low molecular weight antimicrobial proteins, produced during log and stationary phases of growth against the test organisms. Thermostability of the antimicrobial proteins and their sensitivity to proteinase K was observed to be test organism specific. The antimicrobial activity was observed in the pH range 4.59 except against Ps. aeruginosa and Ent. aerogenes. These antimicrobial proteins are low molecular weight (4 kDa) anionic peptides as determined by tricine-SDS-PAGE and 2D gel. Periodic acid-Schiff's (PAS) staining of gel confirmed the presence of carbohydrate moiety with low molecular weight peptides. The antimicrobial activity of the partially purified protein was determined against Staph. aureus 74B, H. pylori 33, H. pylori 17874, and C. jejuni CJE 33566. Conclusion: Human Lact. rhamnosus 231 exhibits in vitro properties of potential probiotic. CFC filtrate and EPC of Lact. rhamnosus 231 exhibit antimicrobial activity against potential human pathogens and food spoilage organisms. Antimicrobial proteins in EPC were partially purified and characterized. In vitro properties of potential probiotic and antimicrobial properties of Lact. rhamnosus 231 could be useful as food additive against human pathogens and removal of food contaminants in the target environment.
Abstract In a single blind cross-over study we compared the effects of a vegan diet and of a meat... more Abstract In a single blind cross-over study we compared the effects of a vegan diet and of a meat diet on the nitrogen metabolism and on the mental status in 10 patients with stable liver cirrhosis and a history of hepatic encephalopathy and bleeding from oesophageal varices. We used an extensive psychometric test battery to be able to detect minor changes in the encephalopathy. The results of the psychometric tests obtained with either diet, compared to the pre-study values revealed significant improvements in four out of six tests. The Bourdon-Wirsma Dot-test (measuring perceptual speed) was the only test that demonstrated a significant improvement as a result of the vegan diet compared to the meat diet. The venous plasma ammonia and creatinine concentrations remained unchanged during the study, nor was there any change in the mean daily urea and creatinine excretion. The plasma tyrosine concentrations were reduced by the vegan diet. The results of the present study support the suggestion that a vegan diet may have a more positive effect than a meat diet on the mental status of patients with liver disease. The mechanism behind this remains obscure.
With the high rate at which the world population is growing, the world' food supply should gr... more With the high rate at which the world population is growing, the world' food supply should grow at the same rate if not faster. The most affected from these will be the people in the so called third world countries. Undernourishment in these countries is largely related to the availability of food in the markets, the purchasing power of the households, food distribution among family members as well as the living conditions of the people.
We investigated certain properties of starch in raw and in heat-treated samples of quinoa, proper... more We investigated certain properties of starch in raw and in heat-treated samples of quinoa, properties that are of importance to the nutritional quality of an infant food currently being developed. Scanning electron microscopy of the starch in raw seeds showed polygonal granules (0.6 to 2.0#m diameter) to be present both singly and as spherical aggregates. Thermograms (DSC) of the flours showed one transition phase for gelatinisation of the starch and another for the amytose-lipid complex. The gelatinisation temperature of the starch was 67 °C. Cooked samples manifested the highest degree of gelatinisation (97%), followed by the drum-dried (96%) and autoclaved (27%) samples. Separation of the starch on a SEPHAROSE CL-2B column showed the quinoa starch to be affected by the heat treatment, manifesting changes in the degree and extent of degradation. The amylograph viscosity of the quinoa flour showed no distinct peak for pasting, but the viscosity remained constant after gelatinisation. Cooking and autoclaving modified the viscosity of the paste, The drum-dried sample manifested a higher initial viscosity at 25 °C. The in vitro digestibility of raw quinoa starch determined by incubation for 60 min with a-amylase was 22%, while that of autoclaved, cooked and drum-dried samples was 32%, 45 % and 73 %, respectively. Saponins did not affect the digestibility of the starch, though they tended to increase the amylograph viscosity. The total dietary fibre content in the cooked sample (11.0%) was significantly lower than that in the autoclaved (13.2%), drum-dried (13.3%) or raw samples (13.3%), while the insoluble dietary fibre fraction in the samples did not change with heat treatment. However, as compared with that of raw quinoa, the soluble dietary fibre fraction was reduced significantly both by cooking (0.9%) and by autoclaving (1.0%).
Insectivorous plants use enzymes to digest their prey. These plants found in the tropical areas l... more Insectivorous plants use enzymes to digest their prey. These plants found in the tropical areas like forest of east India. Mostly insectivorous plants produce their own digestive enzymes to digest their captured insects and small animals diverge from protozoa to invertebrates. The plants need extreme sunlight and rainwater to sustain. These plants consume insects to suck the nutrients from the pray since the plant grows in nutrient less soil especially in nitrogen and potassium. The studies have shown the digestive enzyme from the plants has the proficiency to fight against the various diseases in human like Cancer, Diarrhea, Cholera, Hepatitis, Digestive process related diseases also the phytochemicals found in the insectivorous plants shows resistance against the various metabolic targets of numerous human diseases. Our study has collected 810 putative digestive enzymes with blast hit and domain search; we have characterized the full enzymes using partial sequence as a templet and predicted the function. The structure modelling has done for the phosphatase enzymes using I-Tesser server. Our future study includes in vitro identification of digestive enzymes in Genlisea aurea and its further application in degrading the waste materials.
The anti-nutritional factor evaluation of Canavalia gladiata seed flour indicated a high amount o... more The anti-nutritional factor evaluation of Canavalia gladiata seed flour indicated a high amount of phytic acid, which decreased with processing. The raw cotyledon fraction had the highest content of phytate (8.5 mgg I) whereas the dry-autoclaved cotyledon flour had only 4.3 mgg'. The seed coat contained an a-amylase inhibitor and a trypsin inhibitor. The presence of an a-amylase inhibitor in the seed coat was established for the first time. The trypsin inhibitor activity of whole seed flour and boiled whole seed flour was 4866 TIUg·l and 2745 TIUg· respectively. The raw cotyledon was devoid of any inhibitor activity. The molecular weight of the trypsin inhibitor was found to be around 90 kD. The raw whole seed extract indicated a decrease in the a-amylase activity by 924 UIL indicating the presence of an inhibitor. There was complete inhibition of a-amylase activity by the raw seed coat extract. In the boiled seed coat extract the a-amylase activity increased (284 UIL). The diff...
Ces barres de confiserie, a base de germes de ble, d'huile de soja, de lait en poudre et de f... more Ces barres de confiserie, a base de germes de ble, d'huile de soja, de lait en poudre et de fruits secs, sont complementees, avant extrusion, par de la farine de soja et du gruau de riz. On etudie leur composition chimique et leur valeur nutritive, chez les jeunes enfants
Six middle-aged lactovegetarians (three men and three women) collected copies of four 24-h diets ... more Six middle-aged lactovegetarians (three men and three women) collected copies of four 24-h diets using the duplicate portion sampling technique. By chemical analyses, the nutrient composition of the lactovegetarian diet was determined in detail and compared with that of a mixed Swedish diet (normal) and a vegan diet (vegan) studied previously. The nutrient composition of the lactovegetarian diet expressed per 1000 kcal represented an average between normal and vegan diets. It was in closer agreement with Swedish recommended dietary allowances than the normal Swedish diet. Thus, the lactovegetarian diet contained 35% of the energy as fat and was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid, which resulted in a polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio of 0.6. The lactovegetarian diet had a cholesterol concentration only half of that of a normal diet. Protein content and amino acid composition were well above recommendations. The lactovegetarian diets contained less sucrose...
The search for an enzyme as a reagent for selective bioanalytical detection of the neurotoxic ami... more The search for an enzyme as a reagent for selective bioanalytical detection of the neurotoxic amino acid, β-N-oxalyl L-alpha, β-diaminopropionic acid, β-ODAP (found in grass pea, Lathyrus sativus) led to its redox catalytic reaction by glutamate oxidase (GluOx). Homogeneous kinetic studies and an immobilized GluOx reactor-based flow-injection assay were initially made for beta-ODAP with small immobilized GluOx/catalase glutamate destroying prereactors. The method was applied to examine the toxin content in processed grass pea. The kinetics and the equilibrium of the thermal isomerization of β-ODAP to the nontoxic isomer α-ODAP established that GluOx is specific to the neurotoxin. The first ever GluOx-based amperometric biosensor for liquid chromatography (LC) detection was reported in 1997. This biosensor coupled with a refractive index detector improved LC performance. The most recent work with GluOx resulted in MnO
The seeds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd), a food crop of the Andean region of Latin Americ... more The seeds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd), a food crop of the Andean region of Latin America, contain protein of good quality and high amounts of carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, and minerals. An industrial process for manufacturing infant food using quinoa as a basic raw material is being developed. The presence of antinutrients are of importance in this context, and this paper deals with saponins, phytic acid, tannins and protease inhibitors in quinoa seeds. The samples of quinoa analysed in this experiment contained two main types of saponins. The amount of saponin A (fl-D-glucopyranosyl-[/3-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 ~ 3)-a-L-arabino-pyranosyl-(1-~ 3)]-3-fl-23-dihydroxy-12-en-28-oate methyl ester) was 0.7% of the dry weight and that of the saponin B (fl-o-glucopyranosyl-[fl-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-~ 3)-a-L-arabino-pyranosyl-(1-~ 3)]-3-fl-23-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oate was 0-2% of the dry weight. These were the major saponins found in the quinoa bran collected while polishing the seeds. After scrubbing and washing, the level of saponin-A remaining in the seeds decreased to 0.31% of the dry weight, and saponin-B was completely removed by this process. The content of phytic acid in the quinoa seeds was about 1% of the dry matter, and scrubbing and washing reduced the phytic acid content of the seeds by about 30%. Neither protease inhibitor nor tannins were detected in the quinoa seeds.
Uploads
Papers by Baboo Nair