International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2019
All-ceramic restorations are one of the most esthetically pleasing prosthodontics restorations. B... more All-ceramic restorations are one of the most esthetically pleasing prosthodontics restorations. Because there is no metal to block light transmission, they can resemble natural tooth structure better in terms of color and translucency. Their chief disadvantages are high hardness that adversely affects the natural teeth and brittleness that affect susceptibility to fracture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hardness and calculate the fracture toughness of the most commonly used All-ceramic materials fabricated by different techniques and compared them with conventional feldspathic porcelain. Heat pressing and CAD/CAM All-ceramic materials are used to fabricate eight disc-shaped samples of each material. The hardness of the samples was determined and their fracture toughness was calculated. Feldspathic porcelain fabricated by powder compaction technique served as control. The results of hardness showed that Control Group A (sintered) exhibited slightly higher significant VHN value when compared to Group B (heat pressed). Group C (CAD/CAM) recorded the highest significant VHN hardness value. Regarding fracture toughness, Groups A and B showed comparable values with no significant difference. Again, Group C recorded the highest significant K C1 value when compared to A and B groups. It could be concluded that the sintered dental porcelain has VHN and K C1 values comparable to those of heat pressable ceramic and this attributed to quitting of veneering procedure during preparation of in-vitro lab specimens. Meanwhile, CAD/CAM ceramic has the highest significant VHN as well as K C1 values in comparison to other groups.
Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry, 2016
Objective: This study was aimed to assess the effect of anodized and alkali-heat surface treatmen... more Objective: This study was aimed to assess the effect of anodized and alkali-heat surface treatment on the bioactivity of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) after immersion in Hank's solution for 7 days. Materials and Methods: Fifteen titanium alloy samples were used in this study. The samples were divided into three groups (five for each), five samples were anodized in 1M H3PO4at constant voltage value of 20 v and another five samples were alkali-treated in 5 M NaOH solution for 25 min at temperature 60°C followed by heat treatment at 600°C for 1 h. All samples were then immersed in Hank's solution for 7 days to assess the effect of surface modifications on the bioactivity of titanium alloy. The different treated surfaces and control one were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transformation infra-red spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed with PASW Statistics 18.0® (Predictive Analytics Software). Results: Anodization of Ti-alloy samples (Group B) led to the formation of bioactive titanium oxide anatase phase and PO43− group on the surface. The alkali-heat treatment of titanium alloy samples (Group C) leads to the formation of bioactive titania hydrogel and supplied sodium ions. The reaction between the Ti sample and NaOH alkaline solution resulted in the formation of a layer of amorphous sodium titania on the Ti surface, and this layer can induce apatite deposition. Conclusions: The surface roughness and surface chemistry had an excellent ability to induce bioactivity of titanium alloy. The anodization in H3PO4produced anatase titanium oxide on the surface with phosphate originated from electrolytes changed the surface topography and allowed formation of calcium-phosphate.
Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry, 2016
Background: The surface of an implantable biomaterial plays a very important role in determining ... more Background: The surface of an implantable biomaterial plays a very important role in determining the biocompatibility, osteoinduction, and osteointegration of implants because it is in intimate contact with the host bone and soft tissues. Objective: This study was aimed to assess the effect of plasma surface treatment on the bioactivity of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). Materials and Methods: Fifteen titanium alloy samples were used in this study. The samples were divided into three groups (with five samples in each group). Five samples were kept untreated and served as control (group A). Another five plasma samples were sprayed for nitrogen ion implantation on their surfaces (group B) and the last five samples were pre-etched with acid before plasma treatment (group C). All the investigated samples were immersed for 7 days in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) which was used as a simulating body fluid (SBF) at pH 7.4 and 37°C. HBSS was renewed every 3 days. The different surfaces were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXA), and Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: Nitriding of Ti-alloy samples via plasma nitrogen ion implantation increased the bioactivity of titanium. Moreover, the surface topography affected the chemical structure of the formed apatite. Increasing the surface roughness enhanced the bioactivity of the implant material. Conclusions: Nitridation can be exploited as an effective way to promote the formation of bone-like material on the implant surface.
This study was designed to precipitate hydroxyapatite coating on the surface of commercially pure... more This study was designed to precipitate hydroxyapatite coating on the surface of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) implants using an electroplating technique. After characterization of the hydroxyapatite coating, the bone-implant interface and bone integration of both cpTi and hydroxyapatite-coated implants were assessed. Materials: Twenty implants were divided equally into 2 main groups (n ϭ 10). Ten cpTi implants were utilized as received, while the others were hydroxyapatite coated and then sterilized. The implants of both groups were inserted in the tibiae of New Zealand rabbits. The purity and crystallinity of the hydroxyapatite coat were characterized using x-ray diffraction. A scanning electron microscope examined the grain morphology. Profilometer evaluated the surface texture before and after sterilization. Histological examination using a scanning electron microscope was performed to qualify osseointegration of the regenerated bone and measure the gap distance at the bone-implant interface. Results: Pure crystalline hydroxyapatite precipitate of thickness (range 69-78 m) and rough surface (2.7 Ϯ 0.2 m) compared to smooth cpTi (1.3 Ϯ 0.5 m). The ␥-radiation sterilization resulted in finer grains and insignificant smoother surface. Histological examination of the cpTi implant exhibited less bone regeneration with few and less dense bone trabeculae, and gap distance was significantly high (1.29 Ϯ 0.51 m). Meanwhile, the hydroxyapatite-coated implant showed a recognizable amount of bone regeneration with more and denser bone trabeculae, and gap distance ranged from 0 to 1.32 m. Conclusions: The employed technique provided a thin and uniform pure crystalline hydroxyapatite coating. The characterization of the precipitated film is promising for clinically successful long-term bone fixation.
Salvadora persica L. (S. persica, Siwak) is an ethnic plant that is widely used for improving ora... more Salvadora persica L. (S. persica, Siwak) is an ethnic plant that is widely used for improving oral hygiene. This study aimed to provide a phytochemical profiling of S. persica ethyl acetate fraction (SPEAF) and to evaluate the healing activity of a muco-adhesive formula of the fraction against acetic acid-induced oral ulcers in rats. HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS-MS analysis of SPEAF resulted in the tentative identification of 56 metabolites containing fatty acids (23%), urea derivatives (10.5%) and sulphur compounds (10%), in addition to several amides, polyphenols and organic acids (6.5%, 5% and 2%, respectively). For the first time, 19 compounds were identified from S. persica. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the extract is non-toxic. SPEAF exhibited superior healing activities compared to both the negative and positive control groups on days 7 and 14 of tongue ulcer induction. This was confirmed by histopathological examinations of haematoxylin and eosin-stained (H&E) and Mas...
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021
Introduction. Salvadora persica L. (S. persica, Siwak) has been used for many centuries as oral h... more Introduction. Salvadora persica L. (S. persica, Siwak) has been used for many centuries as oral hygiene tools, particularly in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of S. persica petroleum ether extract (SPE) as an intracanal bactericidal for endodontic treatment against Enterococcus faecalis. Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 gold standard intracanal medicament was used for comparison. Methods. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was carried out to identify the components of SPE. First, the consistency of SPE was accomplished according to ANSI/ADA specification no 57. Forty-five single-rooted mandibular premolars were infected with that of E. faecalis suspension. Colony-forming units (CFU) were counted before the medicaments’ application (CFU-1) and after seven days of their applications (CFU-2). Group I: SPE, Group II: positive control Ca(OH)2, and Group III: saline solution negative control. The microdilution method was applied to determine mini...
Background: Salvadora persica L. (Siwak) of the family Salvadoraceae has been used for many centu... more Background: Salvadora persica L. (Siwak) of the family Salvadoraceae has been used for many centuries as oral hygiene tools, particularly in Saudi Arabia. The current study aimed at developing a new root canal medicament based on the extract of Salvadora persica (SP). The antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis was determined compared with the gold standard intracanal medicament, Ca (OH)2. Materials and Methods: Freeze-dried Siwak sticks were extracted with Petroleum ether to yield an oily extract (SPE). GC-MS analysis was carried out to identify SPE components, whereas 32 compounds were identified (89.09%), with main components of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) (33.32%) and steroids (34%). Firstly, the consistency of the experimental medicament was accomplished according to ANSI/ADA Specification no 57. SPE assessment as intracanal medicament was conducted through an in vitro assay on 45 single-rooted mandibular premolars inoculated of 5 μL of E. faecalis. Colony-forming...
Objective: To investigate the effect of using orthodontic mini-anchorage implants with different ... more Objective: To investigate the effect of using orthodontic mini-anchorage implants with different dimensions; length and diameter, on the time-dependant response of mini-implant/bone/spring assemblies. Methods: Non-linear three-dimensional finite element analysis was utilized to assess the time-dependant response in two titanium mini-implant/bone/Ni-Ti spring assemblies with different mini-implant dimensions. The first was 5mm long and 1mm in diameter whereas the second was 10mm long and 2mm in diameter. In order to simulate orthodontic force, a 2N load was applied at the mini-implant head parallel to the mini-implant long axis, by subjecting the Ni-Ti spring to 10% initial strain. The force delivered by the spring at the mini-implant head, the peri-implant bone stress and strain, and the mini-implant displacement were monitored as a function of time up to 84 hours after spring activation. Results were presented as curves of force delivered at mini-implant head, peri-implant bone str...
Background: Though acrylic resins possess many desirable properties, denture fracture due to flex... more Background: Though acrylic resins possess many desirable properties, denture fracture due to flexural fatigue or impact failure is a common problem. One major factor influencing the flexural fatigue strength of denture base resins is the processing technique used. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of curing techniques on the strength properties of different types of heat-cured denture base materials under different loading modes. Materials and methods: Three types of acrylic resin denture base materials were used: conventional heat-cured, rapid heat-cured and microwave-cured acrylic resins. Three metallic molds were machined for the preparation of 63 specimens; 21 specimens for each material. Each material specimens were divided into three groups (n=7) according to the mode of the applied load. Each material group (n=7) was tested under static loading to determine the flexural strength, under sudden loading to calculate the impact strength and under cyclic...
Abstract: Aim: To determine the best enzymatic method for collagen extraction from the Egyptian N... more Abstract: Aim: To determine the best enzymatic method for collagen extraction from the Egyptian Nile Tilapia fish scales. Methodology: Fish scales were collected, cleaned and demineralized using HCl solution. Two different techniques for fish scale collagen extraction were conducted, heating scales at 121 ºC prior to extraction, or extraction at 4 ºC. Extraction at 4 ºC was performed using two different enzymes, pepsin and papain, with two different concentrations for each. Results: Heating of scales at 121 ºC resulted in denaturation of collagen. Pepsin enzyme with 1 wt. % concentration was more effective for collagen extraction compared to papain enzyme of equal or even higher concentration. The results of Sodium dodecyl sulfate- Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that extracted collagens were type I collagen composed of at least two different α-chains with the α chain composition of (α1)2 α2 and (β) component as well. Conclusion: Nile Tilapia scales can be used ...
ABSTRACT Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of selected design para... more ABSTRACT Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of selected design parameters of mini-anchorage implants; material, length and diameter, on their initial stability under different orthodontic loading conditions. Methods: Three-dimensional finite element analysis was utilized to analyze the stresses within a mini-implant/bone cylinder assembly as well as mini-implant displacements. Three different lengths; 5, 7.5 and 10mm, five different diameters; 1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 and 2mm, and two materials; titanium alloy and stainless steel, were assessed. A 2N load was applied onto the mini-implant simulating force resolution into parallel and perpendicular directions relative to the long axis of the mini-implant. Best fit regression analysis of the results was carried out in an attempt to establish an equation correlating the modulus of elasticity (E), length (L) and diameter (D) of the mini-implant with the generated stresses or displacements. Results: The stresses generated within mini-implants of both materials as well as the mini-implant displacements varied inversly with mini-implant diameter and length. However, the effect of mini-implant diameter was more pronounced. Although higher stresses were generated within stainless steel mini-implants compared to those within titanium alloy mini-implants, their displacements were lower. The resultant best fit equation was Y=a Eb Lc Dd where Y is the dependant variable representing either stress or displacement and a, b, c and d are statistical constants concomitant to the dependant Y. This equation was adopted for the angle of force application relative to the long axis of the mini-implant. Conclusion: An equation correlating the investigated mini-anchorage implant design parameters with the mini-implant stress or displacement could be obtained. Substituting in this equation would allow qualitative comparison of stresses or displacements of mini-implants with variable design parameters, to be used for different orthodontic tooth movements. Consequently, the mini-implant rendering the highest initial stability could be selected.
Aim: To investigate the effect of physical surface treatments; plasma immersion nitrogen ion impl... more Aim: To investigate the effect of physical surface treatments; plasma immersion nitrogen ion implantation (PIII) and Nd:YAG laser, on topographical morphology and texture of Ti-alloy implants and consequently their osseointegration. Materials & Methods: Fifteen Ti-6%Al-4%V cylindrical root shaped samples were divided into three groups. Group I (Control): received no surface treatment, Group II: treated by PIII and Group III: subjected to Nd:YAG laser. The sterilized implants were inserted into Mongrel dogs' femur for 6 months before animals scarification. Implants within bone blocks were used for histological assessment of the newly formed bone. For histomorphometric analysis, bone-to-implant contact (BIC %) was calculated. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Results: SEM of Group I showed regular parallel lines of cutting and polishing. Group II showed parallel homogenous straie of highly polished surface. Group III exhibited sealed machining and polishing marks due...
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2015
Collagen is considered to be one of the most useful biomaterials with different medical applicati... more Collagen is considered to be one of the most useful biomaterials with different medical applications. However, collagen properties differ from one source to another. The aim of this study was to extract, purify, characterize and perform preliminary biological evaluation of type I collagen from scales of Egyptian Nile Tilapia. Pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) was successfully prepared from Nile Tilapia fish scale waste. Lyophilized collagen was dissolved in dilute HCl to form acidic collagen solutions (ACS) which was neutralized to form gel. To confirm the biocompatibility of the produced gel, baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) fibroblast cells were seeded onto a 3D collagen gel (0.3% and 0.5%, w/v). The results of an SDS-PAGE test showed that the extracted collagens were type I collagen, with ␣ chain composition of (␣1)2␣2. Thermal analysis showed that the denaturation temperature was 32 • C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR) showed that the extracted collagen had a triple helix structure. Active proliferation of BHK-21 cells with no signs of toxicity was evident with both collagen gel concentrations tested. The results show that Nile Tilapia scales can be an effective source of collagen extraction that could be used as a potential biomaterial in biomedical applications.
Abstract: Macroporous chitosan scaffolds (Ch) reinforced by quaternary bioactive glass with the 4... more Abstract: Macroporous chitosan scaffolds (Ch) reinforced by quaternary bioactive glass with the 46S6 system of 46 mass-% SiO2, 24 mass-% CaO, 24 mass-% Na2O, 6 mass-% P2O5 prepared by a melting technique (MB) loaded with ciprofloxacin (Cip) were prepared by a lyophilization technique. Theses porous composite materials were especially designed as both a drug carrier for controlled drug release and a scaffold for bone regeneration. The biodegradation rate and in-vitro mineralization of the prepared scaffolds were performed by soaking the scaffolds in simulated body fluid (SBF). Phase identification, microstructure, porosity, bioactivity, mechanical properties and drug release ability in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) were characterized by XRD, FTIR, mercury porosimeter, SEM coupled with EDS, ICP-OES, a universal testing machine and a UV-spectrophotometer. The addition of bioactive glass resulted in the formation of an apatite layer on the scaffolds surfaces. The fracture toughness (K...
The aim of this study was to prepare a bioactive composite scaffold for tissue engineering purpos... more The aim of this study was to prepare a bioactive composite scaffold for tissue engineering purposes. The composite scaffold was fabricated from chitosan (C) and bioactive glass (G) synthesized by melting technique. A composition of 2C:1G composite scaffold was elaborated. The scaffold compositional hydrogel was poured in cylindrical Teflon mould (10mm×10mm) and lyophilized in freeze-dryer. After drying of the prepared scaffold, the physicochemical characterizations of the fabricated scaffolds were investigated including; Scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mercury porosimetry, in vitro biodegradation in SBF (simulated body fluid) and mechanical compression tests. The results showed that 2C:1G bioactive composite scaffold possessed satisfactory biocompatibility, porosity and an in-vitro bioactivity that was illustrated by the developed carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) layer. However, the compressive strength was relatively low...
Infrared spectroscopy and dielectric properties were used to investigate the molecular structure ... more Infrared spectroscopy and dielectric properties were used to investigate the molecular structure and the degree of cross-linking in denture base resins by the determination of the amount of residual monomer. It was found that the addition of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) or tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA) with 12% or 17% by weight of the monomer to the resins reduces the amount of residual monomer in the heat-cured denture base resins. It was found that the dielectric constant and the absorbance of the CC bond at 1 625 cm-1 increased with increasing residual monomer content. The results also indicated that the dielectric constant varies linearly with the absorbance ratio, A (1625 cm-1)/A (1725 cm-1).
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2019
All-ceramic restorations are one of the most esthetically pleasing prosthodontics restorations. B... more All-ceramic restorations are one of the most esthetically pleasing prosthodontics restorations. Because there is no metal to block light transmission, they can resemble natural tooth structure better in terms of color and translucency. Their chief disadvantages are high hardness that adversely affects the natural teeth and brittleness that affect susceptibility to fracture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hardness and calculate the fracture toughness of the most commonly used All-ceramic materials fabricated by different techniques and compared them with conventional feldspathic porcelain. Heat pressing and CAD/CAM All-ceramic materials are used to fabricate eight disc-shaped samples of each material. The hardness of the samples was determined and their fracture toughness was calculated. Feldspathic porcelain fabricated by powder compaction technique served as control. The results of hardness showed that Control Group A (sintered) exhibited slightly higher significant VHN value when compared to Group B (heat pressed). Group C (CAD/CAM) recorded the highest significant VHN hardness value. Regarding fracture toughness, Groups A and B showed comparable values with no significant difference. Again, Group C recorded the highest significant K C1 value when compared to A and B groups. It could be concluded that the sintered dental porcelain has VHN and K C1 values comparable to those of heat pressable ceramic and this attributed to quitting of veneering procedure during preparation of in-vitro lab specimens. Meanwhile, CAD/CAM ceramic has the highest significant VHN as well as K C1 values in comparison to other groups.
Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry, 2016
Objective: This study was aimed to assess the effect of anodized and alkali-heat surface treatmen... more Objective: This study was aimed to assess the effect of anodized and alkali-heat surface treatment on the bioactivity of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) after immersion in Hank's solution for 7 days. Materials and Methods: Fifteen titanium alloy samples were used in this study. The samples were divided into three groups (five for each), five samples were anodized in 1M H3PO4at constant voltage value of 20 v and another five samples were alkali-treated in 5 M NaOH solution for 25 min at temperature 60°C followed by heat treatment at 600°C for 1 h. All samples were then immersed in Hank's solution for 7 days to assess the effect of surface modifications on the bioactivity of titanium alloy. The different treated surfaces and control one were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transformation infra-red spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed with PASW Statistics 18.0® (Predictive Analytics Software). Results: Anodization of Ti-alloy samples (Group B) led to the formation of bioactive titanium oxide anatase phase and PO43− group on the surface. The alkali-heat treatment of titanium alloy samples (Group C) leads to the formation of bioactive titania hydrogel and supplied sodium ions. The reaction between the Ti sample and NaOH alkaline solution resulted in the formation of a layer of amorphous sodium titania on the Ti surface, and this layer can induce apatite deposition. Conclusions: The surface roughness and surface chemistry had an excellent ability to induce bioactivity of titanium alloy. The anodization in H3PO4produced anatase titanium oxide on the surface with phosphate originated from electrolytes changed the surface topography and allowed formation of calcium-phosphate.
Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry, 2016
Background: The surface of an implantable biomaterial plays a very important role in determining ... more Background: The surface of an implantable biomaterial plays a very important role in determining the biocompatibility, osteoinduction, and osteointegration of implants because it is in intimate contact with the host bone and soft tissues. Objective: This study was aimed to assess the effect of plasma surface treatment on the bioactivity of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). Materials and Methods: Fifteen titanium alloy samples were used in this study. The samples were divided into three groups (with five samples in each group). Five samples were kept untreated and served as control (group A). Another five plasma samples were sprayed for nitrogen ion implantation on their surfaces (group B) and the last five samples were pre-etched with acid before plasma treatment (group C). All the investigated samples were immersed for 7 days in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) which was used as a simulating body fluid (SBF) at pH 7.4 and 37°C. HBSS was renewed every 3 days. The different surfaces were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXA), and Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: Nitriding of Ti-alloy samples via plasma nitrogen ion implantation increased the bioactivity of titanium. Moreover, the surface topography affected the chemical structure of the formed apatite. Increasing the surface roughness enhanced the bioactivity of the implant material. Conclusions: Nitridation can be exploited as an effective way to promote the formation of bone-like material on the implant surface.
This study was designed to precipitate hydroxyapatite coating on the surface of commercially pure... more This study was designed to precipitate hydroxyapatite coating on the surface of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) implants using an electroplating technique. After characterization of the hydroxyapatite coating, the bone-implant interface and bone integration of both cpTi and hydroxyapatite-coated implants were assessed. Materials: Twenty implants were divided equally into 2 main groups (n ϭ 10). Ten cpTi implants were utilized as received, while the others were hydroxyapatite coated and then sterilized. The implants of both groups were inserted in the tibiae of New Zealand rabbits. The purity and crystallinity of the hydroxyapatite coat were characterized using x-ray diffraction. A scanning electron microscope examined the grain morphology. Profilometer evaluated the surface texture before and after sterilization. Histological examination using a scanning electron microscope was performed to qualify osseointegration of the regenerated bone and measure the gap distance at the bone-implant interface. Results: Pure crystalline hydroxyapatite precipitate of thickness (range 69-78 m) and rough surface (2.7 Ϯ 0.2 m) compared to smooth cpTi (1.3 Ϯ 0.5 m). The ␥-radiation sterilization resulted in finer grains and insignificant smoother surface. Histological examination of the cpTi implant exhibited less bone regeneration with few and less dense bone trabeculae, and gap distance was significantly high (1.29 Ϯ 0.51 m). Meanwhile, the hydroxyapatite-coated implant showed a recognizable amount of bone regeneration with more and denser bone trabeculae, and gap distance ranged from 0 to 1.32 m. Conclusions: The employed technique provided a thin and uniform pure crystalline hydroxyapatite coating. The characterization of the precipitated film is promising for clinically successful long-term bone fixation.
Salvadora persica L. (S. persica, Siwak) is an ethnic plant that is widely used for improving ora... more Salvadora persica L. (S. persica, Siwak) is an ethnic plant that is widely used for improving oral hygiene. This study aimed to provide a phytochemical profiling of S. persica ethyl acetate fraction (SPEAF) and to evaluate the healing activity of a muco-adhesive formula of the fraction against acetic acid-induced oral ulcers in rats. HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS-MS analysis of SPEAF resulted in the tentative identification of 56 metabolites containing fatty acids (23%), urea derivatives (10.5%) and sulphur compounds (10%), in addition to several amides, polyphenols and organic acids (6.5%, 5% and 2%, respectively). For the first time, 19 compounds were identified from S. persica. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the extract is non-toxic. SPEAF exhibited superior healing activities compared to both the negative and positive control groups on days 7 and 14 of tongue ulcer induction. This was confirmed by histopathological examinations of haematoxylin and eosin-stained (H&E) and Mas...
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021
Introduction. Salvadora persica L. (S. persica, Siwak) has been used for many centuries as oral h... more Introduction. Salvadora persica L. (S. persica, Siwak) has been used for many centuries as oral hygiene tools, particularly in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of S. persica petroleum ether extract (SPE) as an intracanal bactericidal for endodontic treatment against Enterococcus faecalis. Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 gold standard intracanal medicament was used for comparison. Methods. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was carried out to identify the components of SPE. First, the consistency of SPE was accomplished according to ANSI/ADA specification no 57. Forty-five single-rooted mandibular premolars were infected with that of E. faecalis suspension. Colony-forming units (CFU) were counted before the medicaments’ application (CFU-1) and after seven days of their applications (CFU-2). Group I: SPE, Group II: positive control Ca(OH)2, and Group III: saline solution negative control. The microdilution method was applied to determine mini...
Background: Salvadora persica L. (Siwak) of the family Salvadoraceae has been used for many centu... more Background: Salvadora persica L. (Siwak) of the family Salvadoraceae has been used for many centuries as oral hygiene tools, particularly in Saudi Arabia. The current study aimed at developing a new root canal medicament based on the extract of Salvadora persica (SP). The antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis was determined compared with the gold standard intracanal medicament, Ca (OH)2. Materials and Methods: Freeze-dried Siwak sticks were extracted with Petroleum ether to yield an oily extract (SPE). GC-MS analysis was carried out to identify SPE components, whereas 32 compounds were identified (89.09%), with main components of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) (33.32%) and steroids (34%). Firstly, the consistency of the experimental medicament was accomplished according to ANSI/ADA Specification no 57. SPE assessment as intracanal medicament was conducted through an in vitro assay on 45 single-rooted mandibular premolars inoculated of 5 μL of E. faecalis. Colony-forming...
Objective: To investigate the effect of using orthodontic mini-anchorage implants with different ... more Objective: To investigate the effect of using orthodontic mini-anchorage implants with different dimensions; length and diameter, on the time-dependant response of mini-implant/bone/spring assemblies. Methods: Non-linear three-dimensional finite element analysis was utilized to assess the time-dependant response in two titanium mini-implant/bone/Ni-Ti spring assemblies with different mini-implant dimensions. The first was 5mm long and 1mm in diameter whereas the second was 10mm long and 2mm in diameter. In order to simulate orthodontic force, a 2N load was applied at the mini-implant head parallel to the mini-implant long axis, by subjecting the Ni-Ti spring to 10% initial strain. The force delivered by the spring at the mini-implant head, the peri-implant bone stress and strain, and the mini-implant displacement were monitored as a function of time up to 84 hours after spring activation. Results were presented as curves of force delivered at mini-implant head, peri-implant bone str...
Background: Though acrylic resins possess many desirable properties, denture fracture due to flex... more Background: Though acrylic resins possess many desirable properties, denture fracture due to flexural fatigue or impact failure is a common problem. One major factor influencing the flexural fatigue strength of denture base resins is the processing technique used. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of curing techniques on the strength properties of different types of heat-cured denture base materials under different loading modes. Materials and methods: Three types of acrylic resin denture base materials were used: conventional heat-cured, rapid heat-cured and microwave-cured acrylic resins. Three metallic molds were machined for the preparation of 63 specimens; 21 specimens for each material. Each material specimens were divided into three groups (n=7) according to the mode of the applied load. Each material group (n=7) was tested under static loading to determine the flexural strength, under sudden loading to calculate the impact strength and under cyclic...
Abstract: Aim: To determine the best enzymatic method for collagen extraction from the Egyptian N... more Abstract: Aim: To determine the best enzymatic method for collagen extraction from the Egyptian Nile Tilapia fish scales. Methodology: Fish scales were collected, cleaned and demineralized using HCl solution. Two different techniques for fish scale collagen extraction were conducted, heating scales at 121 ºC prior to extraction, or extraction at 4 ºC. Extraction at 4 ºC was performed using two different enzymes, pepsin and papain, with two different concentrations for each. Results: Heating of scales at 121 ºC resulted in denaturation of collagen. Pepsin enzyme with 1 wt. % concentration was more effective for collagen extraction compared to papain enzyme of equal or even higher concentration. The results of Sodium dodecyl sulfate- Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that extracted collagens were type I collagen composed of at least two different α-chains with the α chain composition of (α1)2 α2 and (β) component as well. Conclusion: Nile Tilapia scales can be used ...
ABSTRACT Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of selected design para... more ABSTRACT Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of selected design parameters of mini-anchorage implants; material, length and diameter, on their initial stability under different orthodontic loading conditions. Methods: Three-dimensional finite element analysis was utilized to analyze the stresses within a mini-implant/bone cylinder assembly as well as mini-implant displacements. Three different lengths; 5, 7.5 and 10mm, five different diameters; 1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 and 2mm, and two materials; titanium alloy and stainless steel, were assessed. A 2N load was applied onto the mini-implant simulating force resolution into parallel and perpendicular directions relative to the long axis of the mini-implant. Best fit regression analysis of the results was carried out in an attempt to establish an equation correlating the modulus of elasticity (E), length (L) and diameter (D) of the mini-implant with the generated stresses or displacements. Results: The stresses generated within mini-implants of both materials as well as the mini-implant displacements varied inversly with mini-implant diameter and length. However, the effect of mini-implant diameter was more pronounced. Although higher stresses were generated within stainless steel mini-implants compared to those within titanium alloy mini-implants, their displacements were lower. The resultant best fit equation was Y=a Eb Lc Dd where Y is the dependant variable representing either stress or displacement and a, b, c and d are statistical constants concomitant to the dependant Y. This equation was adopted for the angle of force application relative to the long axis of the mini-implant. Conclusion: An equation correlating the investigated mini-anchorage implant design parameters with the mini-implant stress or displacement could be obtained. Substituting in this equation would allow qualitative comparison of stresses or displacements of mini-implants with variable design parameters, to be used for different orthodontic tooth movements. Consequently, the mini-implant rendering the highest initial stability could be selected.
Aim: To investigate the effect of physical surface treatments; plasma immersion nitrogen ion impl... more Aim: To investigate the effect of physical surface treatments; plasma immersion nitrogen ion implantation (PIII) and Nd:YAG laser, on topographical morphology and texture of Ti-alloy implants and consequently their osseointegration. Materials & Methods: Fifteen Ti-6%Al-4%V cylindrical root shaped samples were divided into three groups. Group I (Control): received no surface treatment, Group II: treated by PIII and Group III: subjected to Nd:YAG laser. The sterilized implants were inserted into Mongrel dogs' femur for 6 months before animals scarification. Implants within bone blocks were used for histological assessment of the newly formed bone. For histomorphometric analysis, bone-to-implant contact (BIC %) was calculated. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Results: SEM of Group I showed regular parallel lines of cutting and polishing. Group II showed parallel homogenous straie of highly polished surface. Group III exhibited sealed machining and polishing marks due...
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2015
Collagen is considered to be one of the most useful biomaterials with different medical applicati... more Collagen is considered to be one of the most useful biomaterials with different medical applications. However, collagen properties differ from one source to another. The aim of this study was to extract, purify, characterize and perform preliminary biological evaluation of type I collagen from scales of Egyptian Nile Tilapia. Pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) was successfully prepared from Nile Tilapia fish scale waste. Lyophilized collagen was dissolved in dilute HCl to form acidic collagen solutions (ACS) which was neutralized to form gel. To confirm the biocompatibility of the produced gel, baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) fibroblast cells were seeded onto a 3D collagen gel (0.3% and 0.5%, w/v). The results of an SDS-PAGE test showed that the extracted collagens were type I collagen, with ␣ chain composition of (␣1)2␣2. Thermal analysis showed that the denaturation temperature was 32 • C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR) showed that the extracted collagen had a triple helix structure. Active proliferation of BHK-21 cells with no signs of toxicity was evident with both collagen gel concentrations tested. The results show that Nile Tilapia scales can be an effective source of collagen extraction that could be used as a potential biomaterial in biomedical applications.
Abstract: Macroporous chitosan scaffolds (Ch) reinforced by quaternary bioactive glass with the 4... more Abstract: Macroporous chitosan scaffolds (Ch) reinforced by quaternary bioactive glass with the 46S6 system of 46 mass-% SiO2, 24 mass-% CaO, 24 mass-% Na2O, 6 mass-% P2O5 prepared by a melting technique (MB) loaded with ciprofloxacin (Cip) were prepared by a lyophilization technique. Theses porous composite materials were especially designed as both a drug carrier for controlled drug release and a scaffold for bone regeneration. The biodegradation rate and in-vitro mineralization of the prepared scaffolds were performed by soaking the scaffolds in simulated body fluid (SBF). Phase identification, microstructure, porosity, bioactivity, mechanical properties and drug release ability in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) were characterized by XRD, FTIR, mercury porosimeter, SEM coupled with EDS, ICP-OES, a universal testing machine and a UV-spectrophotometer. The addition of bioactive glass resulted in the formation of an apatite layer on the scaffolds surfaces. The fracture toughness (K...
The aim of this study was to prepare a bioactive composite scaffold for tissue engineering purpos... more The aim of this study was to prepare a bioactive composite scaffold for tissue engineering purposes. The composite scaffold was fabricated from chitosan (C) and bioactive glass (G) synthesized by melting technique. A composition of 2C:1G composite scaffold was elaborated. The scaffold compositional hydrogel was poured in cylindrical Teflon mould (10mm×10mm) and lyophilized in freeze-dryer. After drying of the prepared scaffold, the physicochemical characterizations of the fabricated scaffolds were investigated including; Scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mercury porosimetry, in vitro biodegradation in SBF (simulated body fluid) and mechanical compression tests. The results showed that 2C:1G bioactive composite scaffold possessed satisfactory biocompatibility, porosity and an in-vitro bioactivity that was illustrated by the developed carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) layer. However, the compressive strength was relatively low...
Infrared spectroscopy and dielectric properties were used to investigate the molecular structure ... more Infrared spectroscopy and dielectric properties were used to investigate the molecular structure and the degree of cross-linking in denture base resins by the determination of the amount of residual monomer. It was found that the addition of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) or tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA) with 12% or 17% by weight of the monomer to the resins reduces the amount of residual monomer in the heat-cured denture base resins. It was found that the dielectric constant and the absorbance of the CC bond at 1 625 cm-1 increased with increasing residual monomer content. The results also indicated that the dielectric constant varies linearly with the absorbance ratio, A (1625 cm-1)/A (1725 cm-1).
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