This paper demonstrates the feasibility of the printed copper (Cu) paste interconnects for applic... more This paper demonstrates the feasibility of the printed copper (Cu) paste interconnects for applications in power semiconductor modules and switching converters. Copper sinter paste interconnects denoted as “Sinterconnects” have been recently introduced as an alternative to wire-bonding technology for power electronic device packaging. However, the electrical domain properties of these novel interconnects have not yet been investigated in detail. To address this research opportunity, this paper evaluates the performance of two different types of Sinterconnects applied to multi-chip, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power modules. First, parasitic or stray inductances of these Sinterconnected systems are calculated analytically and by using three-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis. In addition to that, resistivity (ρ) of those has been analysed and compared with conventional wire bond technology. Finally, the performances of the Sinterconnects in power device assemblies ...
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 2022
This paper introduces a single-phase bidirectional AC-AC Matrix type converter for wireless power... more This paper introduces a single-phase bidirectional AC-AC Matrix type converter for wireless power transfer (WPT) applications. The proposed converter converts mains 50 Hz alternating current (AC) directly to high frequency 85 kHz AC without an intermediate direct current (DC) conversion stage. A minimum cost realization of only two bidirectional AC switches comprised each of two semiconductor device and one gate drive signal is employed. The converter operation modes are quantum energy injection and circulating self-oscillation. Elimination of the DC link introduces a sag in the power transfer during the zero crossing of input AC mains, which is well documented in literature. A novel H-bridge buffer structure is introduced which eliminates the power sag by storing energy during mains peak and delivering energy during the zero-crossing period. The converter operates with inherent zero current switching, thus achieving a low switching loss and electro-magnetic interference. The contro...
Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 2021
Urbanization is a natural process of the population shift from rural to urban territories. More s... more Urbanization is a natural process of the population shift from rural to urban territories. More specifically, urbanization is a process of migration of population from rural to urban areas as well as the transformation of society where the rural agricultural economy is being transformed to advance the industrial economy. A major change to be witnessed in Bangladesh over the last few decades is the rapid spread of urbanization. Multiple driving factors paved the way for spreading the rapid growth of urbanization in Bangladesh. If this spread is not effectively managed, emerging challenges like spatial imbalance, environmental challenges, weak policy framework, challenges of sustainable cities, urban poverty, urban health issues, etc are likely to grow. This study aims at exploring the emerging challenges of urbanization in Bangladesh. It also explores the way forward to face the emerging challenges. This study has been conducted depending on qualitative and descriptive analysis. It ...
The study has an aim to figure out the role of mobile communication in developing Knowledge base ... more The study has an aim to figure out the role of mobile communication in developing Knowledge base among rural women through knowledge sharing. Using a structured questionnaire quantitative data have been collected by survey method and qualitative data through FGDs. Data has been collected on the way of sharing knowledge, areas of expertise, sharing knowledge types, with whom sharing knowledge etc. Rural women are being interested in knowledge sharing through mobile phone because mobile phones are cheap, easier, and available medium for communication to them. Among the rural women who have completed at least secondary education, are sharing both their tacit (mostly) and explicit (moderately) knowledge. On the other hand women who are not literate they are sharing only their indigenous experiences. Both types of women have realized that they are positively being changed in their living attitude because of using mobile and now their knowledge base is somewhat better than ever before. The findings also revealed that they are getting benefit by enriching their knowledge base in different areas and its implementation in their livelihood. Moreover it is apparently clear that they will play important role in developing knowledge base society in rural area through sharing their knowledge in near future.
Six hundred seed samples were collected from different sources and were subjected to investigate ... more Six hundred seed samples were collected from different sources and were subjected to investigate the transmission behavior of Colletotrichum corchori. Seed samples were categorized on the basis of presence of Colletotrichum corchori as 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Germination of the collected seed samples found to be varied significantly. Incidence of anthracnose increased with the increase of time. Seeds having higher level of seed infection with pathogens caused higher reduction of seed germination. Lower germination was recorded at higher prevalence of initial seed borne infection by C. corchori. Negative relationships between initial seed borne infection of C. corchori and seed yield parameters of harvested seeds were observed. Relationships between % seed germination and % total presence of pathogens in the seed was negative. Germination of the harvested seeds lowered with the increase of initial seed borne infections of C. corchori. Seed borne infection by C. corchori in har...
Wetland ecosystem of Bangladesh has great importance for the country’s economic, industrial, ecol... more Wetland ecosystem of Bangladesh has great importance for the country’s economic, industrial, ecological, socioeconomic, and cultural aspects. Wetlands of north eastern region are very prominent for freshwater capture fisheries but a few studies focused on comprehensive assessment of biodiversity, conservation necessities, affecting drivers and its impact on natural wetland and dependent community. The present study has been conducted to identify the present status of fish diversity assemblage, dominance index, evenness and distribution of the species, conservation requirements, natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the biodiversity and human well-being of Dekhar Haor by employing qualitative and quantitative methods in two fishing communities. It was noticed that there were 69 fish species under 8 orders where 39 species were not threatened, 11 species were endangered, 10 species were vulnerable, 8 species were critically endangered and 1 species were near to threatened. Cypri...
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of smoking ban in eateries on smoking beh... more The objective of this study was to determine the effect of smoking ban in eateries on smoking behaviors and intention to quit smoking among adult smokers in Klang Valley. A validated questionnaire was utilized for this study whereby three variables of the study (socio-demographic characteristics, smokers attitude, and intention to quit smoking) were measured. The structured questionnaire contained closed ended questions where present of dichotomous(yes/no), multiple choice questions and 7-point likert scale questions. 600 questionnaires were distributed to target respondents in eateries of Klang Valley. The inclusion criteria were local citizen of Malaysia, those who gave consent to take part in the study, literate in English, smokers aged 18 years old and above. The data were analyzed utilizing SPSS software version 21.0. There were 504 completed and usable responses received, which represented an 84% response rate. Majority of smokers in Klang Valley were male which constituted ar...
Background: Seasonality has been recognized as a key determinant of human energy balance, especia... more Background: Seasonality has been recognized as a key determinant of human energy balance, especially in low-income countries. Objective: The objective was to test the hypothesis that, in rural Bangladesh, different age and sex groups adapt similarly to seasonal changes in energy intake (EI). Design: A prospective study was carried out in 2 rural Bangladeshi villages in the lean and peak seasons. Data on anthropometric measures (weight, height, and midupper arm circumference) and dietary food intake (collected with the use of a 24-h food weighing method) were obtained from all subjects from 304 households. Results: The average EI increased from a least-squares mean (± SE) of 7.87 ± 0.10 MJ • person Ϫ1 • d Ϫ1 in the lean season to 9.47 ± 0.13 MJ • person Ϫ1 • d Ϫ1 in the peak season. In children and adolescents aged < 18 y of age, the prevalence of underweight (weight-forage) was not significantly different (56%) in the 2 seasons. Among adults, a significantly higher prevalence of chronic energy deficiency [body mass index (in kg/m 2) < 18.5] was observed in the peak season (67%) than in the lean season (61%), despite a higher EI in the peak season. Other determinants of seasonal nutritional status are presented. Conclusions: Seasonal fluctuations in EI were substantial in all age and sex groups. Children and adolescents showed no significant seasonal changes in the prevalence of underweight, which indicated that they adapted to changes in EI. In adults, the season in which EI was high coincided with average weight loss, which indicated that adults did not adapt fully to seasonal fluctuations in EI and that seasonal energy expenditure is probably a major determinant of nutritional status.
In the presence of partial shading and other mismatch factors, bypass diodes may not offer comple... more In the presence of partial shading and other mismatch factors, bypass diodes may not offer complete elimination of excessive power dissipation due to cell reverse biasing, commonly referred to as hot-spotting in photovoltaic (PV) systems. As a result, PV systems may experience higher failure rates and accelerated ageing. In this paper, a cell-level simulation model is used to assess occurrence of hot-spotting events in a representative residential rooftop system scenario featuring a moderate shading environment. The approach is further used to examine how well distributed power electronics converters mitigate the effects of partial shading and other sources of mismatch by preventing activation of bypass diodes and thereby reducing the chances of heavy power dissipation and hot-spotting in mismatched cells. The simulation results confirm that the occurrence of heavy power dissipation is reduced in all distributed power electronics architectures, and that submodule-level converters offer nearly 100% mitigation of hot-spotting. In addition, the paper further elaborates on the possibility of hot-spot-induced permanent damage, predicting a lifetime energy loss above 15%. This energy loss is fully recoverable with submodule-level power converters that mitigate hot-spotting and prevent the damage.
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 2015
Pea is the principal off season vegetable crop of dry temperate zone of Himachal Pradesh. The cro... more Pea is the principal off season vegetable crop of dry temperate zone of Himachal Pradesh. The crop becomes highly susceptible to powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) due to highly fluctuating climate and meager humidity during the cropping season in the valley, resulting in huge losses. Experiments were conducted during 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons as randomized block design at research farm of Dr.Y.
Purpose Drawing on the “ISO 26000: 2010 – Guidance on social responsibility” handbook, this paper... more Purpose Drawing on the “ISO 26000: 2010 – Guidance on social responsibility” handbook, this paper aims to investigate the extent to which Bangladeshi small- and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) are incorporating social responsibility (SR)/sustainability into their regular business activities. It is also aimed at providing insights into how Bangladeshi SME owner-managers perceive the concept of SR, and exploring the key drivers of and barriers to socially responsible and sustainable business practices. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-method research was carried out in two sequential phases. During the first phase, 110 printed questionnaires (59 of which were eventually used) were distributed among the owner-managers of the selected SMEs. The second phase involved seven in-depth semi-structured interviews. Findings The findings reconfirm the existence of the so called “attitude-behaviour” gap. The barriers that hinder the sustainable engagement of SMEs include corrupt...
Dietary data were collected on 496 households, and anthropometric measurements were carried out o... more Dietary data were collected on 496 households, and anthropometric measurements were carried out on 248 children under five years of age in rural Bangladesh. the effect of socio-economic determinants on infant feeding and malnutrition was analyzed using univariate and logistic regression models. of the children under five, 52% were stunted and 57% were of low weight-for-age. Malnutrition was significantly influenced (p < .05) by income, size of cropland, the education of both parents, and some infant-feeding practices, but the mother's education emerged as the primary predictor of the nutritional status of children. Breastfeeding was the norm, and 95% of the mothers perceived breastmilk to be superior to milk substitutes, but rejection of colostrum, preference for prelacteal feeds, early supplementation, and inadequate timing and type of weaning diet were widespread. often, there was a discrepancy between the expressed infant-feeding preferences and actual practices.
Cloud computing is a model for providing computing service such as storage, servers, services and... more Cloud computing is a model for providing computing service such as storage, servers, services and applications, without physically acquiring them via the internet. Access to such service could be free or pay as per use. So that the organizations does not have to spent time and cost in managing them. Many business institutions are moving towards the cloud computing due to the efficiency of services and pay-per-use pattern. This pay-per-use pattern based on the resources consumption e.g. processing power, transactions carried out, bandwidth consumed, data transferred, or storage space occupied etc. In cloud computing the client data is maintained in the data centre of a cloud provider like Tata, Netmagic, Google, Amazon and Microsoft etc. Since the data is stored on Internet Cloud the user will have limited or no control over the data, which may lead to various security issues. Since the data custody is at data centre which could lead to threats such as data leakage, insecure interface, sharing of resources, data availability and inside attacks etc. There are various challenges for adopting cloud computing such as well managed service level agreement (SLA), Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability (CIA). This research paper outlines cloud computing industry models and issues associated with it. This research paper analyse the challenges which are present in cloud computing and best practices by service providers.
On 1 January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable... more On 1 January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development-adopted by world leaders in September 2015 at a historic UN Summit-officially came into force. The target 5.5 of SDG 5 is to ensure women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic and public life. 1 Empowerment of women is essential for the achievement of sustainable development. The ability of women to make decisions that affect the personal circumstances of their own lives is an essential aspect of women empowerment and serves as an important contributor to their overall welfare. 2 Empowered women can more successfully negotiate their reproductive and health related performances with male partners. 3 Women's empowerment expands the freedom of choice action to shape women's lives. 4 Women empowerment is considered as a necessary condition for development, although it is not a sufficient condition. 5 Women empowerment has several dimensional focuses and envisages greater access to knowledge, social and economic resources, and greater participation in economic and political decision-making processes. 6 It seeks change in the sexual division of labor, equal access to food, healthcare, education, employment opportunities, ownership of land and other assets, and access to the media. 7 Evidences show that women lag behind men in many aspects of development such as educational attainment, employment, social and political power, and exposure to the media. 8 At present, Bangladesh has progressed in
A model of human capital investment and activity choice is used to explain facts describing gende... more A model of human capital investment and activity choice is used to explain facts describing gender differentials in the levels and returns to human capital investments and occupational choice. These include the higher return to and level of schooling, the small effect of healthiness on wages, and the large effect of healthiness on schooling for females relative to males. The model incorporates gender differences in the level and responsiveness of brawn to nutrition in a Roy-economy setting in which activities reward skill and brawn differentially. Evidence from rural Bangladesh provides support for the model and the importance of the distribution of brawn.
This paper demonstrates the feasibility of the printed copper (Cu) paste interconnects for applic... more This paper demonstrates the feasibility of the printed copper (Cu) paste interconnects for applications in power semiconductor modules and switching converters. Copper sinter paste interconnects denoted as “Sinterconnects” have been recently introduced as an alternative to wire-bonding technology for power electronic device packaging. However, the electrical domain properties of these novel interconnects have not yet been investigated in detail. To address this research opportunity, this paper evaluates the performance of two different types of Sinterconnects applied to multi-chip, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power modules. First, parasitic or stray inductances of these Sinterconnected systems are calculated analytically and by using three-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis. In addition to that, resistivity (ρ) of those has been analysed and compared with conventional wire bond technology. Finally, the performances of the Sinterconnects in power device assemblies ...
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), 2022
This paper introduces a single-phase bidirectional AC-AC Matrix type converter for wireless power... more This paper introduces a single-phase bidirectional AC-AC Matrix type converter for wireless power transfer (WPT) applications. The proposed converter converts mains 50 Hz alternating current (AC) directly to high frequency 85 kHz AC without an intermediate direct current (DC) conversion stage. A minimum cost realization of only two bidirectional AC switches comprised each of two semiconductor device and one gate drive signal is employed. The converter operation modes are quantum energy injection and circulating self-oscillation. Elimination of the DC link introduces a sag in the power transfer during the zero crossing of input AC mains, which is well documented in literature. A novel H-bridge buffer structure is introduced which eliminates the power sag by storing energy during mains peak and delivering energy during the zero-crossing period. The converter operates with inherent zero current switching, thus achieving a low switching loss and electro-magnetic interference. The contro...
Bangladesh Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 2021
Urbanization is a natural process of the population shift from rural to urban territories. More s... more Urbanization is a natural process of the population shift from rural to urban territories. More specifically, urbanization is a process of migration of population from rural to urban areas as well as the transformation of society where the rural agricultural economy is being transformed to advance the industrial economy. A major change to be witnessed in Bangladesh over the last few decades is the rapid spread of urbanization. Multiple driving factors paved the way for spreading the rapid growth of urbanization in Bangladesh. If this spread is not effectively managed, emerging challenges like spatial imbalance, environmental challenges, weak policy framework, challenges of sustainable cities, urban poverty, urban health issues, etc are likely to grow. This study aims at exploring the emerging challenges of urbanization in Bangladesh. It also explores the way forward to face the emerging challenges. This study has been conducted depending on qualitative and descriptive analysis. It ...
The study has an aim to figure out the role of mobile communication in developing Knowledge base ... more The study has an aim to figure out the role of mobile communication in developing Knowledge base among rural women through knowledge sharing. Using a structured questionnaire quantitative data have been collected by survey method and qualitative data through FGDs. Data has been collected on the way of sharing knowledge, areas of expertise, sharing knowledge types, with whom sharing knowledge etc. Rural women are being interested in knowledge sharing through mobile phone because mobile phones are cheap, easier, and available medium for communication to them. Among the rural women who have completed at least secondary education, are sharing both their tacit (mostly) and explicit (moderately) knowledge. On the other hand women who are not literate they are sharing only their indigenous experiences. Both types of women have realized that they are positively being changed in their living attitude because of using mobile and now their knowledge base is somewhat better than ever before. The findings also revealed that they are getting benefit by enriching their knowledge base in different areas and its implementation in their livelihood. Moreover it is apparently clear that they will play important role in developing knowledge base society in rural area through sharing their knowledge in near future.
Six hundred seed samples were collected from different sources and were subjected to investigate ... more Six hundred seed samples were collected from different sources and were subjected to investigate the transmission behavior of Colletotrichum corchori. Seed samples were categorized on the basis of presence of Colletotrichum corchori as 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Germination of the collected seed samples found to be varied significantly. Incidence of anthracnose increased with the increase of time. Seeds having higher level of seed infection with pathogens caused higher reduction of seed germination. Lower germination was recorded at higher prevalence of initial seed borne infection by C. corchori. Negative relationships between initial seed borne infection of C. corchori and seed yield parameters of harvested seeds were observed. Relationships between % seed germination and % total presence of pathogens in the seed was negative. Germination of the harvested seeds lowered with the increase of initial seed borne infections of C. corchori. Seed borne infection by C. corchori in har...
Wetland ecosystem of Bangladesh has great importance for the country’s economic, industrial, ecol... more Wetland ecosystem of Bangladesh has great importance for the country’s economic, industrial, ecological, socioeconomic, and cultural aspects. Wetlands of north eastern region are very prominent for freshwater capture fisheries but a few studies focused on comprehensive assessment of biodiversity, conservation necessities, affecting drivers and its impact on natural wetland and dependent community. The present study has been conducted to identify the present status of fish diversity assemblage, dominance index, evenness and distribution of the species, conservation requirements, natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the biodiversity and human well-being of Dekhar Haor by employing qualitative and quantitative methods in two fishing communities. It was noticed that there were 69 fish species under 8 orders where 39 species were not threatened, 11 species were endangered, 10 species were vulnerable, 8 species were critically endangered and 1 species were near to threatened. Cypri...
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of smoking ban in eateries on smoking beh... more The objective of this study was to determine the effect of smoking ban in eateries on smoking behaviors and intention to quit smoking among adult smokers in Klang Valley. A validated questionnaire was utilized for this study whereby three variables of the study (socio-demographic characteristics, smokers attitude, and intention to quit smoking) were measured. The structured questionnaire contained closed ended questions where present of dichotomous(yes/no), multiple choice questions and 7-point likert scale questions. 600 questionnaires were distributed to target respondents in eateries of Klang Valley. The inclusion criteria were local citizen of Malaysia, those who gave consent to take part in the study, literate in English, smokers aged 18 years old and above. The data were analyzed utilizing SPSS software version 21.0. There were 504 completed and usable responses received, which represented an 84% response rate. Majority of smokers in Klang Valley were male which constituted ar...
Background: Seasonality has been recognized as a key determinant of human energy balance, especia... more Background: Seasonality has been recognized as a key determinant of human energy balance, especially in low-income countries. Objective: The objective was to test the hypothesis that, in rural Bangladesh, different age and sex groups adapt similarly to seasonal changes in energy intake (EI). Design: A prospective study was carried out in 2 rural Bangladeshi villages in the lean and peak seasons. Data on anthropometric measures (weight, height, and midupper arm circumference) and dietary food intake (collected with the use of a 24-h food weighing method) were obtained from all subjects from 304 households. Results: The average EI increased from a least-squares mean (± SE) of 7.87 ± 0.10 MJ • person Ϫ1 • d Ϫ1 in the lean season to 9.47 ± 0.13 MJ • person Ϫ1 • d Ϫ1 in the peak season. In children and adolescents aged < 18 y of age, the prevalence of underweight (weight-forage) was not significantly different (56%) in the 2 seasons. Among adults, a significantly higher prevalence of chronic energy deficiency [body mass index (in kg/m 2) < 18.5] was observed in the peak season (67%) than in the lean season (61%), despite a higher EI in the peak season. Other determinants of seasonal nutritional status are presented. Conclusions: Seasonal fluctuations in EI were substantial in all age and sex groups. Children and adolescents showed no significant seasonal changes in the prevalence of underweight, which indicated that they adapted to changes in EI. In adults, the season in which EI was high coincided with average weight loss, which indicated that adults did not adapt fully to seasonal fluctuations in EI and that seasonal energy expenditure is probably a major determinant of nutritional status.
In the presence of partial shading and other mismatch factors, bypass diodes may not offer comple... more In the presence of partial shading and other mismatch factors, bypass diodes may not offer complete elimination of excessive power dissipation due to cell reverse biasing, commonly referred to as hot-spotting in photovoltaic (PV) systems. As a result, PV systems may experience higher failure rates and accelerated ageing. In this paper, a cell-level simulation model is used to assess occurrence of hot-spotting events in a representative residential rooftop system scenario featuring a moderate shading environment. The approach is further used to examine how well distributed power electronics converters mitigate the effects of partial shading and other sources of mismatch by preventing activation of bypass diodes and thereby reducing the chances of heavy power dissipation and hot-spotting in mismatched cells. The simulation results confirm that the occurrence of heavy power dissipation is reduced in all distributed power electronics architectures, and that submodule-level converters offer nearly 100% mitigation of hot-spotting. In addition, the paper further elaborates on the possibility of hot-spot-induced permanent damage, predicting a lifetime energy loss above 15%. This energy loss is fully recoverable with submodule-level power converters that mitigate hot-spotting and prevent the damage.
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 2015
Pea is the principal off season vegetable crop of dry temperate zone of Himachal Pradesh. The cro... more Pea is the principal off season vegetable crop of dry temperate zone of Himachal Pradesh. The crop becomes highly susceptible to powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) due to highly fluctuating climate and meager humidity during the cropping season in the valley, resulting in huge losses. Experiments were conducted during 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons as randomized block design at research farm of Dr.Y.
Purpose Drawing on the “ISO 26000: 2010 – Guidance on social responsibility” handbook, this paper... more Purpose Drawing on the “ISO 26000: 2010 – Guidance on social responsibility” handbook, this paper aims to investigate the extent to which Bangladeshi small- and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) are incorporating social responsibility (SR)/sustainability into their regular business activities. It is also aimed at providing insights into how Bangladeshi SME owner-managers perceive the concept of SR, and exploring the key drivers of and barriers to socially responsible and sustainable business practices. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-method research was carried out in two sequential phases. During the first phase, 110 printed questionnaires (59 of which were eventually used) were distributed among the owner-managers of the selected SMEs. The second phase involved seven in-depth semi-structured interviews. Findings The findings reconfirm the existence of the so called “attitude-behaviour” gap. The barriers that hinder the sustainable engagement of SMEs include corrupt...
Dietary data were collected on 496 households, and anthropometric measurements were carried out o... more Dietary data were collected on 496 households, and anthropometric measurements were carried out on 248 children under five years of age in rural Bangladesh. the effect of socio-economic determinants on infant feeding and malnutrition was analyzed using univariate and logistic regression models. of the children under five, 52% were stunted and 57% were of low weight-for-age. Malnutrition was significantly influenced (p < .05) by income, size of cropland, the education of both parents, and some infant-feeding practices, but the mother's education emerged as the primary predictor of the nutritional status of children. Breastfeeding was the norm, and 95% of the mothers perceived breastmilk to be superior to milk substitutes, but rejection of colostrum, preference for prelacteal feeds, early supplementation, and inadequate timing and type of weaning diet were widespread. often, there was a discrepancy between the expressed infant-feeding preferences and actual practices.
Cloud computing is a model for providing computing service such as storage, servers, services and... more Cloud computing is a model for providing computing service such as storage, servers, services and applications, without physically acquiring them via the internet. Access to such service could be free or pay as per use. So that the organizations does not have to spent time and cost in managing them. Many business institutions are moving towards the cloud computing due to the efficiency of services and pay-per-use pattern. This pay-per-use pattern based on the resources consumption e.g. processing power, transactions carried out, bandwidth consumed, data transferred, or storage space occupied etc. In cloud computing the client data is maintained in the data centre of a cloud provider like Tata, Netmagic, Google, Amazon and Microsoft etc. Since the data is stored on Internet Cloud the user will have limited or no control over the data, which may lead to various security issues. Since the data custody is at data centre which could lead to threats such as data leakage, insecure interface, sharing of resources, data availability and inside attacks etc. There are various challenges for adopting cloud computing such as well managed service level agreement (SLA), Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability (CIA). This research paper outlines cloud computing industry models and issues associated with it. This research paper analyse the challenges which are present in cloud computing and best practices by service providers.
On 1 January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable... more On 1 January 2016, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development-adopted by world leaders in September 2015 at a historic UN Summit-officially came into force. The target 5.5 of SDG 5 is to ensure women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic and public life. 1 Empowerment of women is essential for the achievement of sustainable development. The ability of women to make decisions that affect the personal circumstances of their own lives is an essential aspect of women empowerment and serves as an important contributor to their overall welfare. 2 Empowered women can more successfully negotiate their reproductive and health related performances with male partners. 3 Women's empowerment expands the freedom of choice action to shape women's lives. 4 Women empowerment is considered as a necessary condition for development, although it is not a sufficient condition. 5 Women empowerment has several dimensional focuses and envisages greater access to knowledge, social and economic resources, and greater participation in economic and political decision-making processes. 6 It seeks change in the sexual division of labor, equal access to food, healthcare, education, employment opportunities, ownership of land and other assets, and access to the media. 7 Evidences show that women lag behind men in many aspects of development such as educational attainment, employment, social and political power, and exposure to the media. 8 At present, Bangladesh has progressed in
A model of human capital investment and activity choice is used to explain facts describing gende... more A model of human capital investment and activity choice is used to explain facts describing gender differentials in the levels and returns to human capital investments and occupational choice. These include the higher return to and level of schooling, the small effect of healthiness on wages, and the large effect of healthiness on schooling for females relative to males. The model incorporates gender differences in the level and responsiveness of brawn to nutrition in a Roy-economy setting in which activities reward skill and brawn differentially. Evidence from rural Bangladesh provides support for the model and the importance of the distribution of brawn.
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