ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out on a twin cylinder direct injection compression ignition en... more ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out on a twin cylinder direct injection compression ignition engine using pongamia biodiesel–diesel blend as fuel with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as additive. The experimental results showed that pongamia biodiesel–diesel blend fuelled engine with EGR and DMC can simultaneously reduce smoke and nitric oxide (NOx) emission. The NOx emission was reduced by about 17.68% for 10% of EGR introduction and about 13.55% increase in smoke emission. When dimethyl carbonate was added with EGR, the engine emits lower smoke with lesser NOx emission, and it showed that the smoke reduction rate had a linear relationship with DMC percentage. The carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions also decreased when DMC was added. However, the addition of DMC with EGR caused an increase in both BSEC and BTE.
This study is aimed at investigating the effect of injection system parameters such as injection ... more This study is aimed at investigating the effect of injection system parameters such as injection pressure, injection timing and nozzle tip protrusion on the performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder water cooled naturally aspirated CIDI engine. Biodiesel, derived from pongamia seeds through transesterification process, blended with diesel was used as fuel in this work. The experiments were designed using a statistical tool known as Design of Experiments (DoE) based on response surface methodology (RSM). The resultant models of the response surface methodology were helpful to predict the response parameters such as Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), smoke opacity and Nitrogen Oxides (NO x ) and further to identify the significant interactions between the input factors on the responses. The results depicted that the BSEC, CO, HC and smoke opacity were lesser, and BTE and NO x were higher at 2.5 mm nozzle tip protrusion, 225 bar of injection pressure and at 30°BTDC of injection timing. Optimization of injection system parameters was performed using the desirability approach of the response surface methodology for better performance and lower NO x emission. An injection pressure of 225 bar, injection timing of 21°BTDC and 2.5 mm nozzle tip protrusion were found to be optimal values for the pongamia biodiesel blended diesel fuel operation in the test engine of 7.5 kW at 1500 rpm.
Stringent emission norms and environment degradation due to pollutants from the automotive vehicl... more Stringent emission norms and environment degradation due to pollutants from the automotive vehicles lead us to find the suitable alternative for the petro-diesel. Among the alternatives the non-edible vegetable oil seems to be most promising one. When the vegetable oil is used as fuel in diesel engine, it does not cause any major problem if used for a short period. However in the long run it causes major problems such as injector coking, deposit build up in the combustion chamber, piston ring sticking and engine oil dilution. Hence vegetable oils are converted as biodiesels to reduce viscosity. The transesterification process has proved as one of the best method to achieve the same. It is evident from the literature that the major problem on utilization of blends of bio-diesel is the increase in NO x emission from diesel engines. To reduce the NO x emission from the diesel engines employing biodiesel blend as fuel, the injection timing of fuel is altered by either addition or removal of shims in the pump. The effect of changing the injection timing on BSEC, Brake Thermal Efficiency, CO, HC and NO emissions are studied at different injection timings such as 18°, 21°, 24°, 27° and 30° CA bTDC. From the experiments it is found that on retarding the injection to 18°CA bTDC from 24° CA bTDC, the original injection timing, the NO x emission reduced to about 35% while advancing to 30°CA bTDC, the NO x increased by 25%. The BSEC, CO, HC have been found to increase by about 3%, 12.65% and 10% respectively on retarding to 18°CA bTDC while decrease by 6.27%, 32%,and 14.44% respectively on advancing the injection to 30° CA bTDC. The brake thermal efficiency is reduced by 3.08% on retarding to 18°CA bTDC whereas it is improved by 5.09% on advancing the injection timing to 30° CA bTDC.
ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out on a twin cylinder direct injection compression ignition en... more ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out on a twin cylinder direct injection compression ignition engine using pongamia biodiesel–diesel blend as fuel with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as additive. The experimental results showed that pongamia biodiesel–diesel blend fuelled engine with EGR and DMC can simultaneously reduce smoke and nitric oxide (NOx) emission. The NOx emission was reduced by about 17.68% for 10% of EGR introduction and about 13.55% increase in smoke emission. When dimethyl carbonate was added with EGR, the engine emits lower smoke with lesser NOx emission, and it showed that the smoke reduction rate had a linear relationship with DMC percentage. The carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions also decreased when DMC was added. However, the addition of DMC with EGR caused an increase in both BSEC and BTE.
This study is aimed at investigating the effect of injection system parameters such as injection ... more This study is aimed at investigating the effect of injection system parameters such as injection pressure, injection timing and nozzle tip protrusion on the performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder water cooled naturally aspirated CIDI engine. Biodiesel, derived from pongamia seeds through transesterification process, blended with diesel was used as fuel in this work. The experiments were designed using a statistical tool known as Design of Experiments (DoE) based on response surface methodology (RSM). The resultant models of the response surface methodology were helpful to predict the response parameters such as Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), smoke opacity and Nitrogen Oxides (NO x ) and further to identify the significant interactions between the input factors on the responses. The results depicted that the BSEC, CO, HC and smoke opacity were lesser, and BTE and NO x were higher at 2.5 mm nozzle tip protrusion, 225 bar of injection pressure and at 30°BTDC of injection timing. Optimization of injection system parameters was performed using the desirability approach of the response surface methodology for better performance and lower NO x emission. An injection pressure of 225 bar, injection timing of 21°BTDC and 2.5 mm nozzle tip protrusion were found to be optimal values for the pongamia biodiesel blended diesel fuel operation in the test engine of 7.5 kW at 1500 rpm.
Stringent emission norms and environment degradation due to pollutants from the automotive vehicl... more Stringent emission norms and environment degradation due to pollutants from the automotive vehicles lead us to find the suitable alternative for the petro-diesel. Among the alternatives the non-edible vegetable oil seems to be most promising one. When the vegetable oil is used as fuel in diesel engine, it does not cause any major problem if used for a short period. However in the long run it causes major problems such as injector coking, deposit build up in the combustion chamber, piston ring sticking and engine oil dilution. Hence vegetable oils are converted as biodiesels to reduce viscosity. The transesterification process has proved as one of the best method to achieve the same. It is evident from the literature that the major problem on utilization of blends of bio-diesel is the increase in NO x emission from diesel engines. To reduce the NO x emission from the diesel engines employing biodiesel blend as fuel, the injection timing of fuel is altered by either addition or removal of shims in the pump. The effect of changing the injection timing on BSEC, Brake Thermal Efficiency, CO, HC and NO emissions are studied at different injection timings such as 18°, 21°, 24°, 27° and 30° CA bTDC. From the experiments it is found that on retarding the injection to 18°CA bTDC from 24° CA bTDC, the original injection timing, the NO x emission reduced to about 35% while advancing to 30°CA bTDC, the NO x increased by 25%. The BSEC, CO, HC have been found to increase by about 3%, 12.65% and 10% respectively on retarding to 18°CA bTDC while decrease by 6.27%, 32%,and 14.44% respectively on advancing the injection to 30° CA bTDC. The brake thermal efficiency is reduced by 3.08% on retarding to 18°CA bTDC whereas it is improved by 5.09% on advancing the injection timing to 30° CA bTDC.
ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out on a twin cylinder direct injection compression ignition en... more ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out on a twin cylinder direct injection compression ignition engine using pongamia biodiesel–diesel blend as fuel with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as additive. The experimental results showed that pongamia biodiesel–diesel blend fuelled engine with EGR and DMC can simultaneously reduce smoke and nitric oxide (NOx) emission. The NOx emission was reduced by about 17.68% for 10% of EGR introduction and about 13.55% increase in smoke emission. When dimethyl carbonate was added with EGR, the engine emits lower smoke with lesser NOx emission, and it showed that the smoke reduction rate had a linear relationship with DMC percentage. The carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions also decreased when DMC was added. However, the addition of DMC with EGR caused an increase in both BSEC and BTE.
This study is aimed at investigating the effect of injection system parameters such as injection ... more This study is aimed at investigating the effect of injection system parameters such as injection pressure, injection timing and nozzle tip protrusion on the performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder water cooled naturally aspirated CIDI engine. Biodiesel, derived from pongamia seeds through transesterification process, blended with diesel was used as fuel in this work. The experiments were designed using a statistical tool known as Design of Experiments (DoE) based on response surface methodology (RSM). The resultant models of the response surface methodology were helpful to predict the response parameters such as Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), smoke opacity and Nitrogen Oxides (NO x ) and further to identify the significant interactions between the input factors on the responses. The results depicted that the BSEC, CO, HC and smoke opacity were lesser, and BTE and NO x were higher at 2.5 mm nozzle tip protrusion, 225 bar of injection pressure and at 30°BTDC of injection timing. Optimization of injection system parameters was performed using the desirability approach of the response surface methodology for better performance and lower NO x emission. An injection pressure of 225 bar, injection timing of 21°BTDC and 2.5 mm nozzle tip protrusion were found to be optimal values for the pongamia biodiesel blended diesel fuel operation in the test engine of 7.5 kW at 1500 rpm.
Stringent emission norms and environment degradation due to pollutants from the automotive vehicl... more Stringent emission norms and environment degradation due to pollutants from the automotive vehicles lead us to find the suitable alternative for the petro-diesel. Among the alternatives the non-edible vegetable oil seems to be most promising one. When the vegetable oil is used as fuel in diesel engine, it does not cause any major problem if used for a short period. However in the long run it causes major problems such as injector coking, deposit build up in the combustion chamber, piston ring sticking and engine oil dilution. Hence vegetable oils are converted as biodiesels to reduce viscosity. The transesterification process has proved as one of the best method to achieve the same. It is evident from the literature that the major problem on utilization of blends of bio-diesel is the increase in NO x emission from diesel engines. To reduce the NO x emission from the diesel engines employing biodiesel blend as fuel, the injection timing of fuel is altered by either addition or removal of shims in the pump. The effect of changing the injection timing on BSEC, Brake Thermal Efficiency, CO, HC and NO emissions are studied at different injection timings such as 18°, 21°, 24°, 27° and 30° CA bTDC. From the experiments it is found that on retarding the injection to 18°CA bTDC from 24° CA bTDC, the original injection timing, the NO x emission reduced to about 35% while advancing to 30°CA bTDC, the NO x increased by 25%. The BSEC, CO, HC have been found to increase by about 3%, 12.65% and 10% respectively on retarding to 18°CA bTDC while decrease by 6.27%, 32%,and 14.44% respectively on advancing the injection to 30° CA bTDC. The brake thermal efficiency is reduced by 3.08% on retarding to 18°CA bTDC whereas it is improved by 5.09% on advancing the injection timing to 30° CA bTDC.
ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out on a twin cylinder direct injection compression ignition en... more ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out on a twin cylinder direct injection compression ignition engine using pongamia biodiesel–diesel blend as fuel with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as additive. The experimental results showed that pongamia biodiesel–diesel blend fuelled engine with EGR and DMC can simultaneously reduce smoke and nitric oxide (NOx) emission. The NOx emission was reduced by about 17.68% for 10% of EGR introduction and about 13.55% increase in smoke emission. When dimethyl carbonate was added with EGR, the engine emits lower smoke with lesser NOx emission, and it showed that the smoke reduction rate had a linear relationship with DMC percentage. The carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions also decreased when DMC was added. However, the addition of DMC with EGR caused an increase in both BSEC and BTE.
This study is aimed at investigating the effect of injection system parameters such as injection ... more This study is aimed at investigating the effect of injection system parameters such as injection pressure, injection timing and nozzle tip protrusion on the performance and emission characteristics of a twin cylinder water cooled naturally aspirated CIDI engine. Biodiesel, derived from pongamia seeds through transesterification process, blended with diesel was used as fuel in this work. The experiments were designed using a statistical tool known as Design of Experiments (DoE) based on response surface methodology (RSM). The resultant models of the response surface methodology were helpful to predict the response parameters such as Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), smoke opacity and Nitrogen Oxides (NO x ) and further to identify the significant interactions between the input factors on the responses. The results depicted that the BSEC, CO, HC and smoke opacity were lesser, and BTE and NO x were higher at 2.5 mm nozzle tip protrusion, 225 bar of injection pressure and at 30°BTDC of injection timing. Optimization of injection system parameters was performed using the desirability approach of the response surface methodology for better performance and lower NO x emission. An injection pressure of 225 bar, injection timing of 21°BTDC and 2.5 mm nozzle tip protrusion were found to be optimal values for the pongamia biodiesel blended diesel fuel operation in the test engine of 7.5 kW at 1500 rpm.
Stringent emission norms and environment degradation due to pollutants from the automotive vehicl... more Stringent emission norms and environment degradation due to pollutants from the automotive vehicles lead us to find the suitable alternative for the petro-diesel. Among the alternatives the non-edible vegetable oil seems to be most promising one. When the vegetable oil is used as fuel in diesel engine, it does not cause any major problem if used for a short period. However in the long run it causes major problems such as injector coking, deposit build up in the combustion chamber, piston ring sticking and engine oil dilution. Hence vegetable oils are converted as biodiesels to reduce viscosity. The transesterification process has proved as one of the best method to achieve the same. It is evident from the literature that the major problem on utilization of blends of bio-diesel is the increase in NO x emission from diesel engines. To reduce the NO x emission from the diesel engines employing biodiesel blend as fuel, the injection timing of fuel is altered by either addition or removal of shims in the pump. The effect of changing the injection timing on BSEC, Brake Thermal Efficiency, CO, HC and NO emissions are studied at different injection timings such as 18°, 21°, 24°, 27° and 30° CA bTDC. From the experiments it is found that on retarding the injection to 18°CA bTDC from 24° CA bTDC, the original injection timing, the NO x emission reduced to about 35% while advancing to 30°CA bTDC, the NO x increased by 25%. The BSEC, CO, HC have been found to increase by about 3%, 12.65% and 10% respectively on retarding to 18°CA bTDC while decrease by 6.27%, 32%,and 14.44% respectively on advancing the injection to 30° CA bTDC. The brake thermal efficiency is reduced by 3.08% on retarding to 18°CA bTDC whereas it is improved by 5.09% on advancing the injection timing to 30° CA bTDC.
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Papers by Muthu Pandian