Papers by Getachew Mulatu
Soil quality, in contrast to air or water, exhibits a heightened level of heterogeneity and neces... more Soil quality, in contrast to air or water, exhibits a heightened level of heterogeneity and necessitates closer examination due to its impact on the well-being of flora, fauna, and human beings. Organic carbon is considered a fundamental indicator of soil quality, as it plays a significant role in strategies aimed at mitigating climate change. The generation of bone char arises from a thermochemical conversion process involving defatted bones. Specific attention is focused on the solubility of P compounds, which serves to classify bone chars as potential slow-release P fertilizers. The introduction of P into the soil can be enhanced through an "internal activation" process facilitated by the adsorption of reduced S compounds. Additional properties of agronomic significance originate from the porosity of bone char, which promotes water retention and provides a habitat function for soil microorganisms. The evaluation of soil quality has been a longstanding practice, involving an examination of physical and chemical characteristics such as pH, nitrogen levels, soil organic carbon, bulk density, accessible water, aggregate stability, particle size distribution, and soil structure. Recently, the concept of soil quality has been expanded to encompass the notion of soil health, which is perceived as a finite, non-renewable resource that undergoes constant change. Research also demonstrates the crucial role of soil biota in the assessment of soil quality, as they exhibit rapid responsiveness to disturbances. Animal bones undergo a process of defatting, degelatinization, and subsequent incineration at temperatures ranging from 600-800°C to produce bone char (BC). Reports indicate that typical BC contains 152 g P kg-1 , 280 g Ca kg-1 , and 6.5 g Mg kg-1 , with carbon content typically falling below 100 g kg-1. The solubility of bone char in the soil depends on factors such as pH and the soil's capacity to absorb P, situating it within the range between rock phosphate and triple super phosphate (TSP). The application of bone char to the soil can enhance soil health, resulting in increased crop yield and improved quality.
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2020
The article developed the methodological foundations of the development of adaptation tools to im... more The article developed the methodological foundations of the development of adaptation tools to improve the development and functioning of ecological entrepreneurship: the possibility and conditions for the use of such tools for transferring powers to environmental benefits, such as concession, trust management, public-private partnership, are justified; Criteria are proposed for the ecological business entity to choose the organizational and legal form of the enterprise that meets the conditions for its functioning: the presence of a certain amount of work to start production; the availability and sufficiency of financial resources of the enterprise; type of products or direction of activity of the subject of ecological entrepreneurship; as a tool to support the adaptation of the development of ecological entrepreneurship, ways of integrating enterprises in this field, in particular vertical, horizontal cooperation, are considered; the use of a concession agreement is proposed, whic...
Coffee is one of the most valuable primary products in the world trade, and also a central and po... more Coffee is one of the most valuable primary products in the world trade, and also a central and popular part of our culture and the crop is cultivated in about 80 countries across the globe and entangles huge business worldwide. Industrial coffee production involves either a dry or a wet processing method for the removal of the shell and mucilaginous parts from the cherries resulting in the production of coffee husk and pulp, respectively. These main by-products generated by the coffee processing plants and are disposed into arable land and surface water causing environmental pollution due to presence of toxic materials such as caffeine and tannins. To contribute to safe disposal of solid biomass waste in coffee processing many research was conducted to assess the opportunities and challenges of expanded use of solid waste from coffee processing in energy and agricultural services in across coffee producing countries. Therefore the objective of this review was to summarize the literatures and the current knowledge on the utilization of coffee husk and pulp waste for soil amendment, for sustainable agricultural systems within small-scale farming in developing countries like Ethiopia, using these easily available materials as good option for developing plant-nutrient management strategies in highly weathered soil area.
Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020
The study aimed to determine the phytochemicals and to assess the antibacterial activities of cru... more The study aimed to determine the phytochemicals and to assess the antibacterial activities of crude extracts of different parts of Calpurnia aurea against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157 H:7, Salmonella typhi, and Campylobacter jejuni. The fresh and healthy leaves, barks, stems, and roots of the plant parts were collected, herbarium, dried, and grounded, and bioactive compounds were extracted by ethanol (99%) and water. Mass of crude extracts was determined by using the Whatman No. 1 filter paper and rotary evaporator. Major secondary metabolites were also screened using phytochemical screening tests. Antibacterial activities (inhibition zones, mm) and minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) were evaluated using agar-well diffused methods and agar dilution methods, respectively. The antibiotics ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, penicillin, and tetracycline were used as positive controls at concentrations of 0.1 mg/ml and 0.2 mg/...
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals and on... more Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals and one of the endemic diseases in Ethiopia. The study was aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and to assess associated risk factors of foot and mouth disease seroprevalence in West Shewa Zone. A total of 384 sera samples were collected from randomly selected cattle and tested using ELISA for antibodies against nonstructural proteins of foot and mouth disease viruses based on IDEXX FMD Multispecies Ab Test (IDEXX Laboratories Inc, USA). The seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease in West Shewa Zone was found to be 40.4% (95% CI: 35.46–45.27) at an animal and 74.7% (95% CI: 65.58–83.85) at the herd level. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that districts, breed, and animal composition were the potential risk factors of FMD seropositivity. Accordingly, cattle found in Abuna Ginde Beret (odds ratio (OR): 9.1, 95% CI: 2.4–34.1, p=0.001), Cheliya (OR: 8.8, 95% CI: 2.5–31.3, p=0....
Veterinary Medicine International
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals and on... more Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals and one of the endemic diseases in Ethiopia. The study was aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and to assess associated risk factors of foot and mouth disease seroprevalence in West Shewa Zone. A total of 384 sera samples were collected from randomly selected cattle and tested using ELISA for antibodies against nonstructural proteins of foot and mouth disease viruses based on IDEXX FMD Multispecies Ab Test (IDEXX Laboratories Inc, USA). The seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease in West Shewa Zone was found to be 40.4% (95% CI: 35.46–45.27) at an animal and 74.7% (95% CI: 65.58–83.85) at the herd level. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that districts, breed, and animal composition were the potential risk factors of FMD seropositivity. Accordingly, cattle found in Abuna Ginde Beret (odds ratio (OR): 9.1, 95% CI: 2.4–34.1, p=0.001), Cheliya (OR: 8.8, 95% CI: 2.5–31.3, p=0....
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Papers by Getachew Mulatu