Papers by Muhammad Zubair
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2013
In this study, we apply Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization to the problem of relay selectio... more In this study, we apply Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization to the problem of relay selection and transmit power allocation to selected relays in non-regenerative Relay Assisted Cognitive Radio Networks (RCRNs). The objective of our proposed scheme is to maximize the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) at the secondary destination while keeping the interference offered to the primary user below a certain threshold level. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Astrophysics and Space Science, 2015
This paper is devoted to study the analytic models of anisotropic compact stars in f (T) gravity ... more This paper is devoted to study the analytic models of anisotropic compact stars in f (T) gravity (where T is torsion scalar), with nondiagonal tetrad. By taking the anisotropic source inside the spherically symmetric star, the equations of motions have been derived in the context of f (T) gravity. Krori and Barua metric which satisfies the physical requirement of a realistic star, has been applied to describe the compact objects like strange stars. We use the power law form of f (T) model to determine explicit relations of matter variables. Further, we have found the anisotropic behavior, energy conditions, stability and surface redshift of stars. Using the masses and radii of 4U 1820-30, Her X-1, SAX J 1808-3658, we have determined the constants involved in metric components. Finally we discuss the graphical behavior of the analytic description of strange star candiddates.
African Journal of Agricultural Research, Oct 5, 2011
The present study was conducted to study the genetic diversity in the available cultivars of oliv... more The present study was conducted to study the genetic diversity in the available cultivars of olive flora in Pakistan. On an average, 15.5 alleles were amplified using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular primers. Mean genetic distance estimates ranged from 0.158 to 0.512 (G.D = 15.8 to 51.2%). Size of scorable fragments ranged from approximately 250 to >2000 bp. A high level of genetic dissimilarity (GD= up to 51%) was recorded among Ferugenia genotype only. Entries were grouped in clusters using cluster analysis. On the basis of dendrogram, most diverse genotypes Ferugenia and Coratina were identified, that can be used in future olive propagation program.
Advancements in Life Sciences, Feb 25, 2014
Background: Hepatitis C virus is a small, enveloped single stranded, positive sense RNA virus. Di... more Background: Hepatitis C virus is a small, enveloped single stranded, positive sense RNA virus. Different genotypes are distributed in different geographical areas of the world. Determination of HCV genotype is a powerful tool for the treatment of chronic and acute liver disease. Method: The present study was carried out to find the occurrence of different HCV genotypes in the city of Lahore, a populous city of Pakistan from January 2010 to December 2010. Blood sample of patients positive for anti HCV by ELISA as well as HCV by PCR were collected and plasma was separated. HCV viral RNA load was analyzed in these samples using Real Time PCR. Qiagen HCV mini kit for RNA extraction and Qiagen HCV amplification kit for PCR amplification were used. Amplicons were subjected to HCV genotyping using Third Wave Technology. Results: Among 489 patients, 211 (43.1%) patients were males and 278 (56.9%) were females. Occurrence of HCV in the age group of 36-45 years was 32.5 %. Occurrence of HCV genotype 1 was 9.6% (47), genotype 3a was 80.77% (395), genotype 3h was 1.0% (5) , genotype 4 was 4.9% (24), co-infection of genotypes 1 & 2 was 0.2% (01), co-infection of genotypes 1 & 3 was 0.6% (03) and co-infection genotypes 1 & 4 was 0.4% (02). Conclusion: HCV genotype 3a is most prevalent HCV genotype in subjected population during said duration with most infected people from 26 to 35 years of age. Female population is having more of HCV infection as compared to males.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, 2011
and its geometrical terrain properties for classification of multiband multi-polarized SAR image,"
Journal of Vascular Surgery, 2015
Astrophysics and Space Science, 2015
We reconstruct f (R, T) theory (where R is the scalar curvature and T is the trace of energy-mome... more We reconstruct f (R, T) theory (where R is the scalar curvature and T is the trace of energy-momentum tensor) in the framework of QCD ghost dark energy models. In this study, we concentrate on particular models of f (R, T) gravity which permits the standard continuity equation in this theory. It is found that reconstructed function can represent phantom and quintessence regimes of the universe in the background of flat FRW universe. In addition, we explore the stability of ghost f (R, T) models.
Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2015
Thiophene derivatives have shown versatile pharmacological activities. The Suzuki reaction proved... more Thiophene derivatives have shown versatile pharmacological activities. The Suzuki reaction proved a convenient method for CC bond formations in organic molecules. In the present research work novel derivatives of 2,5-dibromo-3-methylthiophene (3a-k and 3l-p) has been synthesized, via Suzuki coupling reaction in low to moderate yields. A wide range of functional groups were well tolerated in reaction. Density functional theory investigations on all synthesized derivatives (3a-3p) were performed in order to explore the structural properties. The pharmaceutical potential of synthesized compounds was investigated through various bioassays (antioxidant, antibacterial, antiurease activities). The compounds 3l, 3g, 3j, showed excellent antioxidant activity (86.0, 82.0, 81.3%), respectively by scavenging DPPH. Synthesized compounds showed promising antibacterial activity against tested strains. 3b, 3k, 3a, 3d and 3j showed potential antiurease activity with 67.7, 64.2, 58.8, 54.7 and 52.1% inhibition at 50 µg/ml. Results indicated that synthesized molecules could be a potential source of pharmaceutical agents.
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2013
To document and analyse the presentation and outcome of surgical management of liver trauma. The ... more To document and analyse the presentation and outcome of surgical management of liver trauma. The study was a retrospective review of records of all surgeries carried out at the Department of General Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, from January 2003 to December 2010. The study included all adult patients of either gender who presented with liver trauma and underwent operative management. Convenience sampling technique was employed. The study excluded patients who were managed conservatively. The data were collected through a proforma and analysed through SPSS 10. Out of 113 cases of liver trauma, 91 (80.5%) were males and 22 (19.4%) were females. The mean age was 34.8 +/- 9.7 years. Road traffic accidents were the leading cause (n = 75; 66.3%) of injuries. There were 37 (32.7%) patients with grade I injury; 41 (36.2%) with grade II injury; 29 (25.6%) with grade III injury; and 7 (6.1%) patients with grade IV injury. Besides, 62 (54.8%) patients had ...
International Journal of Energy Research, 2014
Most of the nuclear accident reports used to indicate the implicit precursors which are not easil... more Most of the nuclear accident reports used to indicate the implicit precursors which are not easily quantified as underlying factors. The current Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) is capable of quantifying the importance of accident causes in limited scope. It was, therefore, difficult to achieve quantifiable decision-making for resource allocation. In this study, the methodology which facilitates quantifying these precursors and a case study were presented. First, four implicit precursors have been obtained by evaluating the causality and hierarchy structure of various accident factors. Eventually, it turned out that they represent the lack of knowledge. After four precursors are selected, subprecursors were investigated and their cause-consequence relationship was implemented by Bayesian Belief Network (BBN). To prioritize the precursors, the prior probability is initially estimated by expert judgment and updated upon observations. The pair-wise importance between precursors is calculated by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the results are converted into node probability tables of the BBN model. Using this method, the sensitivity and the posterior probability of each precursor can be analyzed so that it enables making prioritization for the factors. We tried to prioritize the lessons learned from Fukushima accident to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methodology.
Advanced Materials Research, 2010
In this paper, a research has been carried out on the normal operational state of IPWR by using t... more In this paper, a research has been carried out on the normal operational state of IPWR by using the thermal hydraulic system code Relap5/Mod3.4.In this study the conceptual study analysis of the reactor named as Inherent Safe Uranium Zirconium Hydride Nuclear Power Reactor INSURE-100 is considered but is only based on the conceptual study so the current research focuses on the normal operational of the reactor by using the Relap5/Mod3.4 code. For this purpose, two passive safety methods have been included for the safe operation as well as for transient analysis of the reactor. In the first one, Passive Residual Heat Removal System (PRHRS) has been modeled by taking the heat exchanger out of the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) in the water tank so that it can absorb core decay heat in case of transient conditions and in the second one heat exchanger is placed both in inside and outside the RPV so that there can be another way to absorb the core residual heat. Considering these concepts...
Journal of Chemistry, 2013
A series of some novelN3,N3′-bis(disubstituted)isophthalyl-bis(thioureas) compounds with general ... more A series of some novelN3,N3′-bis(disubstituted)isophthalyl-bis(thioureas) compounds with general formula [C6H4·{CONHCSNHR}2], where R = 2-ClC6H4S (L1), 3,5-(Cl)2C6H3(L2), 2,4-(Cl)2C6H3(L3), 2,5-(Cl)2C6H3(L4), and 2-NH2C6H4(L5), and their Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes (C1–C10) have been synthesized. These compounds (L1–L5) and their metal(II) complexes (C1–C10) have been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy,1H NMR and13C NMR spectroscopy, magnetic moments, and electronic spectral measurements. The ligands are coordinated to metal atom in a bidentate pattern producing a neutral complex of the type [ML]2. These compounds (L1–L5) and their metal(II) complexes (C1–C10) were also screened for their antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2013
h i g h l i g h t s " A novel class of azo-guanidine compounds is introduced in this article. " T... more h i g h l i g h t s " A novel class of azo-guanidine compounds is introduced in this article. " The compound (AG) interacts with DNA and gives clear color change in 70% ethanol. " The AG-DNA complex was characterized with CV and UV-Visible spectroscopy. " Electrostatic mode of interaction, and moderate binding constant (K b = 10 4). " Results indicate its potential use as DNA staining agent. g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t UV-Visible absorption spectra of 70 lM AG in the absence and presence of 20-140 lM DNA in 30% aqueous ethanol (30% H 2 O:70% ethanol) buffer: 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), inset the visible picture of 70 lM AG in the absence (Left) and presence (Right) of 140 lM DNA in 30% aqueous ethanol (30% H 2 O:70% ethanol) buffer: 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8).
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2013
The mass production of printed electronic devices can be achieved by roll-to-roll system that req... more The mass production of printed electronic devices can be achieved by roll-to-roll system that requires highly regulated web tension. This highly regulated tension is required to minimize printing register error and maintain proper roughness and thickness of the printed patterns. The roll-to-roll system has a continuous changing roll diameter and a strong coupling exists between the spans. The roll-to-roll system is a multi-input-multi-output, time variant, and nonlinear system. The conventional proportional–integral–derivative control, used in industry, is not able to cope with roll-to-roll system for printed electronics. In this study, multi-input-single-output decentralized control scheme is used for control of a multispan roll-to-roll system by applying regularized variable learning rate backpropagating artificial neural networks. Additional inputs from coupled spans are given to regularized variable learning rate backpropagating artificial neural network control to decouple the ...
Planta Medica, 2004
A re-investigation of the chemical constituents of the stem bark of Symplocos racemosa Roxb. led ... more A re-investigation of the chemical constituents of the stem bark of Symplocos racemosa Roxb. led to the isolation of four new glycosides, symplocomoside (1), symponoside (2), symplososide (3) and symploveroside (4). Benzoylsalireposide (5) and salireposide (6) were re-isolated from this plant. The structures of the new compounds were determined by 1D and 2D-homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy, chemical evidence, and by comparison with the published data of the closely related compounds. The glycosides 1-4 displayed in vitro inhibitory activity against phosphodiesterase I with IC50 values of 122 +/- 0.017, 698 +/- 0.06, 722 +/- 0.03, 909 +/- 0.09 microM, respectively. The compounds 1-6 also showed in vitro inhibitory activity against thymidine phosphorylase with IC50 values of 189.96 +/- 1.02, 195.56 +/- 2.36, 207.61 +/- 1.06, 488.89 +/- 4.10, 427.20 +/- 5.36, 354.2 +/- 5.69 microM, respectively while 1 was also found to be a urease inhibitor with an IC50 value of 54.13 +/- 0.71 microM.
Molecules, 2013
A series of various novel 4-arylthiophene-2-carbaldehyde compounds were synthesized in moderate t... more A series of various novel 4-arylthiophene-2-carbaldehyde compounds were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with different arylboronic pinacol esters/acids. The synthesized products were screened for their antibacterial, haemolytic, antiurease, and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging capabilities and interestingly, almost all products turned out to have good activities. 3-(5-Formylthiophene-3-yl)-5-(trifloromethyl)benzonitrile (2d) revealed excellent antibacterial activity, showing an IC 50 value of 29.7 µg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, compared to the standard drug streptomycin with an IC 50 value 35.2 µg/mL and was also found to be the best NO scavenger, with an IC 50 value of 45.6 µg/mL. Moreover, 4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (2i) exhibited a superior haemolytic action and an outstanding urease inhibition, showing an IC 50 value of 27.1 µg/mL.
Helvetica Chimica Acta, 2005
Introduction. ± Onosma is a genus of hairy herbs and under-shrubs distributed in the Mediterranea... more Introduction. ± Onosma is a genus of hairy herbs and under-shrubs distributed in the Mediterranean region and Central Asia. About nine species occur in Pakistan. The dried leaves and flowers of O. bracteatum constitute the drug Gazoban, imported from Iran, which is used as tonic, ...
Fitoterapia, 2006
A new iridoid glycoside named genestifolioside (1) was isolated from the ethanol extract of Linar... more A new iridoid glycoside named genestifolioside (1) was isolated from the ethanol extract of Linaria genestifolia. Its structure was defined by spectral analysis.
This paper reports the effect of different extraction solvents (aqueous & pure methanol, aqueous ... more This paper reports the effect of different extraction solvents (aqueous & pure methanol, aqueous & pure ethanol & aqueous & pure isopropanol) on the effective recovery of phenolics and antioxidant activity of 10 varieties of rice) using orbital shaker technique. The extraction yields of antioxidant components from the tested varieties of brown (unpolished) rice ranged from 1.56 g/100 g in Basmati 2000 to 3.45 g/100 g in Basmati 370. The contents of total phenolics (TP) were determined to be highest (293.2 mg GAE/kg) in Basmati Pak while lowest (130.2 mg GAE/kg) in Irri 6 rice. The antioxidant activity, following the determinations of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging capacity, reducing power and ferrous ionchelating activity, revealed that Basmati Pak, Basmati 2000 and Basmati 515 rice varieties have greater antioxidant potential. Overall, aqueous isopropanol (80:20 isopropanol: water v/v) and aqueous methanol (80:20 methanol: water v/v) were noted to be the most effective solvent systems offering higher extraction yields, TP and antioxidant activity for the tested rice varieties. This study advocates the use of appropriate extraction solvents to recover maximum amount of rice antioxidants. It was concluded that the tested varieties, especially the Basmati cultivars, of Pakistani rice are a potential source of valuable antioxidant components and thus could be explored as ingredients for functional foods and nutraceuticals.
Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2011
The objective of this paper is to summarize the latest techniques, applications, methodologies, u... more The objective of this paper is to summarize the latest techniques, applications, methodologies, use of different software, and development of codes, in the field of Living Probabilistic Safety Assessment (LPSA) and Risk Monitoring (RM). The paper consists of three parts, in first part definitions, history, aims, uses of LPSA, and a new detailed model for LPSA have been explain. In second part brief introduction, worldwide use of RM, benefits and draw backs of software in RM, and in final part comparison between LPSA and RM have been discussed. The study also makes recommendations for further use and development of these two techniques in present and future NPPs.
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Papers by Muhammad Zubair