Papers by Muhammad Zahid Muhammad Zahid
Cureus, 2021
Background and aims Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is an important cause of morbidity an... more Background and aims Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. This study aimed to identify the factors impacting morbidity and short-term mortality in a cohort of patients with cirrhosis following an index episode of SBP. Methods In a retrospective study of hospitalized cirrhotic cohort, 333 patient records were reviewed. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory, as well as radiological characteristics of the patient population were analyzed on day 1 of admission. The diagnosis of cirrhosis was based on the combination of laboratory, clinical, and radiological features. The diagnosis of SBP was established by abdominal paracentesis in the presence of cellular, biochemical, and microbiological features consistent with SBP. All independent variables were analyzed to generate a predictive model of mortality by using the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis (adjusted for age and gender). Results A total of 61 cirrhotic patients with ascites and a first episode of SBP were identified. The overall mortality among hospitalized patients was 19.7% and was associated with longer length of stay (12.6 vs. 7.6 days; p=0.01). Patient cohorts with multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria as a cause of SBP had a significantly higher mortality compared to those with other bacterial phenotypes (p=0.03). Multivariate analyses showed that a model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score (hazard ratio [HR]=1.29; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.92; p=0.023), Child-Turcotte-Pugh score (HR=1.23; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.82; p=0.027), and acute kidney injury (HR=2.09; 95% CI: 1.41 to 3.47; p=0.01) were the predictors of mortality from SBP. Conclusion SBP predicts in-hospital mortality in cirrhotic patients. In addition to multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria, thresholds of both hepatic and renal injury independently predict adverse outcomes.
Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal
Objective: To determine the frequency of primary and secondary enuresis in the children presentin... more Objective: To determine the frequency of primary and secondary enuresis in the children presenting at outpatient department of Tertiary Care Hospital. Study Design: A cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient Department of Combined Military Hospital Malir, Karachi, from Feb to July 2019. Methodology: A total of 1200 children with age range of 5-12 years were included in the study. Children presenting with severe acute illness or those with non-willing caregivers were excluded from the study. Result: Out of the total 1200 study participants, 167 (13.9%) children gave the history of enuresis. There were 109 (65.6%) boys and 58 (34.4%) girls. The children with primary enuresis were 141 (84.3%) while 26 (15.62%) children had secondary enuresis. About 31 (18.7%) children had daytime enuresis, 115 (68.5%) had night-time and 21 (12.5%) children had both day and night time bed wetting. About 57 (34.37%) children previously got the treatment for enuresis which included f...
PAFMJ, 2021
Objective:To determine association of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) in newborns of serum C-r... more Objective:To determine association of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) in newborns of serum C-reactive protein positive mothers. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Pediatrics, Combined Military Hospital Quetta, Pakistan from September 2016 to March 2018. Material and Methods: 105 neonates (both gender) of all mothers who were C - reactive protein positive were enrolled in this study using inclusion and exclusion criteria.Neonatal sepsis was diagnosed by clinical examination, which was carried out by senior pediatrician, blood complete picture and c reactive protein. Neonates were treated as per departmental protocol. Stratification was done in regard to gestational age, birth weight and age of neonates in hours. Post stratification chi square test was applied and p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results:Out of total 105 patients, 46 (44%) were male and 59 (56%)were female neonates. Amongst the babies of 105 CRP positi...
Wireless technology can be split into two major portions, mobile and fixed wireless infrastructur... more Wireless technology can be split into two major portions, mobile and fixed wireless infrastructure (Wireless Local Loop). Today, the demand for mobile systems is increasing with the passage of time from voice to higher data rate services. It is difficult to make mobile systems trustworthy for the services that practice a very high digital bandwidth such as triple play (Telephone, Cable TV and Internet), MIMO systems are used in 4G technology for high data rate services. A network is designed with the cooperation surrounded by the involved nodes to accomplish substantial improvement in the capacity of the entire system keeping improved Quality of Service (QoS). Cooperative networks can be used to minimize signal degradation and power reduction in most of the networks. Here, WiMAX LDPC technique is used in cooperative networks. Numerous models of fading channels have been utilized to examine the health of the communication system. The channel capacity approaching coding method LDPC wi...
Sustainability, 2021
This study aimed to investigate the impact of some important Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)... more This study aimed to investigate the impact of some important Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as the decent workplace, climate change, and economic sustainability on firm financial performance (see Goals 8 and 13). By adopting an index from the previous literature, this study collected data from the annual and sustainability reports of the publicly listed companies of a developing country through content analysis from 2016 to 2018. The results revealed a significant increase in the level of compliance with workplace and environmental sustainability during the corresponding period. Furthermore, the estimations of ordinary least squares (OLS) and two-stage least squares (2SLS) panel data also unveiled a positive impact of workplace sustainability on the firm’s environmental and financial performance. Additionally, we noted that the findings were pronounced after addressing the problem of endogeneity. Moreover, the study also found a novel significant and positive mediating r...
Sustainability, 2021
The substantial focus on achieving corporate sustainability has necessitated the implementation o... more The substantial focus on achieving corporate sustainability has necessitated the implementation of green human resource management (GHRM) practices. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the industries’ perspective of the impact of GHRM practices (i.e., green recruitment and selection, green pay and rewards, and green employee involvement and green training) on corporate sustainability practices. Data were collected from 200 human resource professionals in major industrial sectors of a developing country. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to test the study hypotheses and multigroup analysis (MGA) between industrial sectors. The findings show a positive impact of three GHRM practices, i.e., green recruitment and selection, green pay and rewards, and green employee involvement on corporate sustainability. However, green training has no significant association with corporate sustainability, which is interesting. Furthermore, the multigroup analysis (MGA) rev...
Sustainability, 2020
This study aims to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility disclosures (CSRD) o... more This study aims to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility disclosures (CSRD) on the financial performance of the Islamic banking industry of Pakistan. The study employed the method of content analysis for collecting the required data from annual reports of all four full-fledged Islamic banks operating in Pakistan from 2012 to 2017. The study developed a novel comprehensive CSRD index by using the “Global Reporting Initiative” (GRI) and “Accounting and Auditing Organization of Islamic Financial Institutions” (AAOIFI). This index consists of five dimensions and 105 sub-dimensions of CSRD. The use of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSEs), and Generalized Least Squares (GLS) using random-effect (RE) and fixed-effect (FE) estimators revealed a significant negative relationship between CSRD and the financial performance of the sample firms. Regarding separate dimensions, the relationship of the Environmental and Economic dimensions of CSR...
Sustainability, 2020
Traffic signal control is an integral component of an intelligent transportation system (ITS) tha... more Traffic signal control is an integral component of an intelligent transportation system (ITS) that play a vital role in alleviating traffic congestion. Poor traffic management and inefficient operations at signalized intersections cause numerous problems as excessive vehicle delays, increased fuel consumption, and vehicular emissions. Operational performance at signalized intersections could be significantly enhanced by optimizing phasing and signal timing plans using intelligent traffic control methods. Previous studies in this regard have mostly focused on lane-based homogenous traffic conditions. However, traffic patterns are usually non-linear and highly stochastic, particularly during rush hours, which limits the adoption of such methods. Hence, this study aims to develop metaheuristic-based methods for intelligent traffic control at isolated signalized intersections, in the city of Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Genetic algorithm (GA) and differential evolution (DE) were employed to e...
ACS omega, Jan 31, 2018
Arsenic trioxide (AsO) is an environmental carcinogen and a putative endocrine disruptor. Resvera... more Arsenic trioxide (AsO) is an environmental carcinogen and a putative endocrine disruptor. Resveratrol has been shown to reverse AsO-induced oxidative damage. In immortalized but nontransformed estrogen receptor α-negative human breast cells (MCF10A), we observed that 25 μM resveratrol ameliorated AsO-induced cytotoxicity. AsO, in the presence or absence of 25 μM resveratrol, induced quinone reductase (NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1), via the induction of NFE2-related factor 2. AsO caused a repression of cytochrome P450 (CYP)1B1, but the addition of 25 μM resveratrol rescued the expression of cytochrome P450 1B1 and kept it at a constant level. Therefore, 25 μM resveratrol can modulate the effects of AsO on enzymes involved in estrogen metabolism.
Http Www Theses Fr, Apr 27, 2012
Le virus de l'hépatite C (VHC) est l'une des causes majeures de cirrhose du foie et de carcinome ... more Le virus de l'hépatite C (VHC) est l'une des causes majeures de cirrhose du foie et de carcinome hépatocellulaire. Il n'existe à ce jour pas de vaccin et les options thérapeutiques actuelles sont limitées par la résistance, la toxicité et le coût élevé du traitement. L'entrée du VHC dans les hépatocytes est un processus complexe impliquant les glycoprotéines de l'enveloppe virale E1 et E2, de même que de nombreux autres facteurs de l'hôte comme le récepteur scavenger de type BI (SR-BI), le CD81, la claudine 1, l'occludine et les récepteurs à activité tyrosine kinase tels que le récepteur du facteur de croissance épidermique (EGFR) et l'ephrine A2 (EphA2). Au courant de la première partie de ma thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à caractériser plus en détail le rôle de SR-BI dans l'infection par le VHC. Le SR-BI humain est impliqué dans la capture sélective des esters de cholestérol HDL et le transport bidirectionnel du cholestérol libre à la membrane. Il a été démontré que SR-BI joue un rôle dans l'infection par le VHC lors de la liaison du virus à la cellule hôte et lors d'étapes suivant la liaison. Bien que les mécanismes impliquant SR-BI dans la liaison du virus à l'hépatocyte aient été partiellement caractérisés, le rôle de SR-BI dans les étapes suivant la liaison du VHC reste encore largement méconnu. Afin de mieux caractériser le rôle de l'interaction VHC/SR-BI dans l'infection par le VHC, notre laboratoire à généré une nouvelle classe d'anticorps monoclonaux anti-SR-BI inhibant l'infection virale. Nous avons pu démontrer que SR-BI humain jouait un rôle dans le processus d'entrée du virus à la fois lors de l'étape de liaison du virus à la cellule hôte mais aussi au cours d'étapes suivant cette liaison. Nos données indiquent que la fonction de SR-BI impliquée dans les processus suivant l'attachement du virus aux hépatocytes peut être dissociée de sa fonction de liaison du virus aux hépatocytes. Par ailleurs, nous avons démontré que cette fonction de SR-BI est également importante pour l'initiation et la dissémination du VHC. Ainsi il serait intéressant de cibler cette fonction de SR-BI dans le cadre d'une stratégie antivirale pour lutter contre l'infection par le VHC. Dans la seconde partie de ma thèse, nous avions pour but de caractériser les mécanismes moléculaires intervenant dans la réinfection du greffon lors de la transplantation hépatique (TH). En effet, la réinfection systématique du greffon hépatique est la limitation majeure de la TH. Il a été montré précédemment au sein de notre laboratoire que l'entrée virale et l'échappement aux anticorps neutralisants jouent un rôle déterminant dans la sélection des variants du VHC lors des phases précoces de TH. Cependant, les mécanismes moléculaires par lesquels le virus échappe à la réponse immunitaire de l'hôte ne sont toujours pas élucidés. Nous avons ainsi identifiés 3 mutations adaptatives dans la glycoprotéine d'enveloppe E2 responsables de l'entrée virale augmentée du variant hautement infectieux. Ces mutations influent sur la dépendance au récepteur CD81 du VHC résultant en une entrée virale accrue. Cette étude nous a permis d'identifier un nouveau mécanisme moléculaire de l'échappement viral dans lequel on observe une association entre l'utilisation des facteurs d'entrée par le VHC et l'échappement viral. L'identification de ces mécanismes va nous permettre une meilleure compréhension de la pathogénèse de l'infection par le VHC, et est un premier pas pour le développement d'une stratégie préventive antivirale ou vaccinale. De plus les anticorps anti-SR-BI développés au sein de notre laboratoire, compte tenu des mécanismes d'action novateur et du profil de toxicité potentiellement différent, représentent une nouvelle classe d'anticorps anti-SR-BI qui pourrait être utilisée comme antiviraux dans la prévention de l'infection par le VHC lors de la transplantation hépatique et / ou dans le traitement de l'infection chronique par le VHC.
Academic Research International
Corporate world is always looking for a trained and better equipped business graduate who could d... more Corporate world is always looking for a trained and better equipped business graduate who could deliver results instantly as well as in the long term. And business graduates are expecting an instant return to their investment made in their business education. Both of the sides can achieve their objectives through better aligned business curriculum and relevant development of skill-set of the business graduates. This study draws on the opinions of the MBA students and business professionals about the MBA core curriculum and required skills in the business and professional world. Study found some similarities as well as some significant differences of opinion in the MBA core curriculum and required skills. Explanations and suggestions are presented to these findings. Underlying factors are also identified within the MBA core curriculum and required skills for a business professional.
The advancements in MicroElectoroMechanical Systems (MEMS) and communication technologies have re... more The advancements in MicroElectoroMechanical Systems (MEMS) and communication technologies have resulted in the development of low cost and small size sensors which can be even injected into human body. This development has put enormous effect on medical healthcare and has replaced the traditional equipments and procedures with small sized sensors. This paper provides an overview of the impact of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) on medical healthcare. Wireless Sensor Networks can be found in various healthcare applications. This paper focuses on the applications of WSN which provides all-time monitoring to the user and either avoids the dangerous situation or is capable to take appropriate actions in case of emergency. We highlight the major challenges WSN faces when implemented in medical healthcare applications.
The study was launched to observe the status of Ancylostoma duodenale (A.duodenale) in the faecal... more The study was launched to observe the status of Ancylostoma duodenale (A.duodenale) in the faecal samples of children residing in urban areasof Northern Lahore, Punjab from November 2006 to October 2008, showed an overall prevalence (%) of A. duodenale's eggs(0.18 %).Direct microscopic technique was used to identify the eggs.Demographic data showed 10.50 % children were the habit of pica, 12.08 % nail biting, 21.58 % sucked thumb, 26.03 % and 6.11 % did not wash hands before meal and after defecation,8.33 % walked bare footed and 15.36 % used junk food (Table 1; Figure 1). Highest prevalence was observed in AllamaIqbal Town (0.67 %) (0.67±0.33)followed by Gulberg (0.50 %) (0.50±0.29), Wapda Town (0.17 %) (0.17±0.17) and (0.17 %) (0.17±0.17) in Valancia, Samanabad (0.33 %) (0.33±0.24) and Cantt (0.33 %) (0.33±0.24)respectively.Statistically prevalence was significantly higher in autumn (0.50±0.29)(P<0.001), winter (0.08±0.08) (P<0.001) and lowest zero percent in spring. Mon...
Bioaccumulation profile of five heavy metals including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zi... more Bioaccumulation profile of five heavy metals including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni) were investigated in the skin tissue of fresh water fish Mulley, Wallago attu, to assess aquatic pollution in Kalpani river at District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Specimens were collected of three different polluted sites of the river during the months of July through October, 2013. The heavy metals concentration was determined by using Perkin Elmer AS 3100 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Pb was not detected in any of the specimens collected from the river while Cd was the highest and Ni was the least accumulated metal for all sampling months and sites. Mean values recorded (wet weight) for Cr, Cd, Zn and Ni were 0.168±0.326 μg g-1, 0.747±1.106 μg g-1, 0.328±0.074 μg g-1 and 0.161±0.156 μg g-1 respectively. The results showed metals bio accumulation in skin of Mulley in order of Cd>Zn>Cr>Ni, with no detection of Pb. For data validatio...
Pakistan journal of zoology
The present study is designed to investigate the enhanced production of amino acids by bacterial ... more The present study is designed to investigate the enhanced production of amino acids by bacterial strains isolated from different natural sources including sewage water, fresh milk, honey, yoghurt and soil. Sixty five bacterial isolates from these natural sources were isolated and nineteen isolates were found to be producers of amino acids. These isolates were grown in different fermentation media to enhance amino acid production. Out of nineteen, five bacterial isolates were good producers of methionine, cysteine, glutamic acid and valine. On the basis of 16SrRNA nucleotide sequences these organisms were identified as Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli H, Escherichia coli M2 and Bacillus sp. The optimum temperature for the growth of B. anthracis and E. coli was found to be 37°C, while B. cereus and E. coli showed optimum growth at 30°C. Bacillus sp. showed its optimum growth at 39°C. B. anthracis, E. coli H and Bacillus sp. showed optimum growth at pH 7, while opt...
Chronic hepatitis is a common liver infection usually caused by different viruses, where Hepatiti... more Chronic hepatitis is a common liver infection usually caused by different viruses, where Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been documented as the major cause and lead to many complications. Globally about 2 billion people are HBV positive and 7-9 million are in carrier state in Pakistan. In this study the prevalence of HBV was confirmed by q-PCR based on age , gender and area. Total 183 serum samples were processed through real-time PCR for detection of HBV DNA and age wise, gender wise and area wise data was analyzed through Chi square test. Genomic DNA of HBV was detected in 99 (54.06%) samples out of total 183 ELISA positive samples of suspected liver disease patients. Out of 99 patients, 66.66% were male and 33.33 % were female patients. Positive cases in age wise people of <20 years was 37.37%, 21-40 years 42.42% and in 41-60 years (16.16%) and in age > 60 years 4.04% was observed. In Tehsil wise distribution, 54.54% HBV DNA positive samples were found in Tehsil Mardan, 32.32% ...
Journal of biosocial science, May 15, 2015
The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2015
Background/objective: A functional medicine approach to reduce breast cancer risk is preferable t... more Background/objective: A functional medicine approach to reduce breast cancer risk is preferable to early detection and treatment in maintaining breast health. Estrogens are implicated in breast cancer initiation through conversion to metabolites that react with DNA to form specific adducts associated with the development of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of a defined clinical intervention, the AVERTi-Healthy Breast Program (AHBP), to reduce breast cancer risk conditions likely to develop into breast disease. Methods: To obtain evidence that risk conditions in breast tissue can be reduced with a defined, multifaceted approach, this small clinical trial of 21 women measured indicators of breast health. A detailed clinical evaluation was conducted with all participants, including identification of physical symptoms, such as areas of tenderness upon palpation. Two laboratory assessments were conducted to determine the efficacy of the AHBP. First, 31 estrogen metabolites, estrogen conjugates, and depurinating estrogen-DNA adducts in urine samples taken before intervention were analyzed. The ratio of DNA adducts to metabolites and conjugates was calculated for each sample. Second, oxidative stress was analyzed by measuring the redox potential of glutathione and cysteine in blood plasma. All assessments were conducted before and after participation. Results: The estrogen adduct ratio and redox potential were improved after 90 days on the AHBP. A significant mean reduction of 3.31 (p = 0.03) was observed in the adduct ratio, along with a significant improvement in the redox potential of 3.80 (p = 0.05). The significant change in the adduct ratio occurred in women whose oxidative stress profile also improved. Conclusion: These significant within-individual decreases suggest that the AHBP can reduce the risk for breast cancer in a relatively short time.
Plant diseases played key role in worldwide food shortage in the form of quantity and quality. Fo... more Plant diseases played key role in worldwide food shortage in the form of quantity and quality. Food production must expand by half to take care of the anticipated demand of the world’s population by 2050. Effective and suitable Integrated Disease Management (IDM) strategies by considering different environmental factors prevailing in targeted site has assumed its part in multiplying the food production in the most recent 40 years, but pathogens still assert 10–20% of worldwide harvest. The climate change influences different components of biological interaction system. Change in environment from time to time on the same location can cause variable changes in the genetic makeup of pathogens. Crop yield and quality are influenced by environmental change straight, through diseases that themselves will change however remain essential. These impacts are challenging to analyze and show as their unthinking bases for the most part crudely comprehended. A fusion of mixed modeling from distin...
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Papers by Muhammad Zahid Muhammad Zahid