The technology of modern power systems is revolutionizing as renewable energy sources are being i... more The technology of modern power systems is revolutionizing as renewable energy sources are being integrated with electric power grids. In the form of inverters, power electronic converters are becoming an integral part of power systems due to their massive demand for grid integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Existing multilevel inverter topologies either require an output filter to get a sinusoidal voltage or generate a higher number of output voltage levels at the expense of many hardware resources. This paper presents a new single-phase 81-level inverter configuration with the name given as ‘Modified W-Type Multilevel Inverter’. The proposed inverter configuration uses only eighteen power switches and four DC voltage sources to generate an 81-level output voltage approaching a sinusoidal waveform without an output filter. The general design equations are developed to calculate the number of switches, the number of voltage levels, and the number of DC sources for the proposed c...
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
This preliminary report describes the occurrence of acute pulmonary emphysema cum pulmonary edema... more This preliminary report describes the occurrence of acute pulmonary emphysema cum pulmonary edema ensuing in extensive subcutaneous emphysematous swellings in a dairy buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) apparently associated with a sudden shift from berseem (Trifolium alexendrinum) to Brassica juncea fodder. Tachypnea, expiratory dyspnea, open-mouth breathing, loud expiratory grunt with abdominal lift, and crackles in ventral aspects of the lungs with normal rectal temperature characterized the condition clinically. A substantial improvement was noted 3 h after treatment with parenteral administration of prednisolone plus dexamethasone, diclofenac sodium, and furosemide. Per os administration of chlortetracycline was undertaken after dyspnea had abated. Extensive subcutaneous swellings developed as sequel on withers, back, axillae, and thorax, was deflated using a hypodermic needle. The buffalo completely recovered in 10 days. As far as could be ascertained, this is the first report dwelling on acute pulmonary emphysema cum pulmonary edema.
Demand forecasting has a pivotal role in making informed business decisions by predicting future ... more Demand forecasting has a pivotal role in making informed business decisions by predicting future sales using historical data. Traditionally, demand forecasting has been widely used in the management of production, staffing and warehousing for sales and marketing data. However, the use of demand forecasting has little been studied in the container shipping industry. Improved visibility into the demand for container shipments has been a long-held objective of industry stakeholders. This paper addresses the shortcomings of both short-term and long-term shipment demand forecasting for the Australian container shipping industry. In this study, we compare three forecasting models, namely, the seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA), Holt–Winters’ seasonal method and Facebook’s Prophet, to find the best fitting model for short-term and long-term import demand forecasting in the Australian shipping industry. Demand data from three years, i.e., 2016–2018, is used for the ...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is progressive respiratory disease characterized by cough, ... more Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is progressive respiratory disease characterized by cough, sputum, and shortness of breath due to increased airway resistance. The prevalence rate for COPD is about 2.1% with population of age 40 years. Long term effects of different treatments lead to decrease the quality of life. Relaxation techniques are simple and improve the relaxation of whole body. Objective: The objective was to compare the effects of Jacobson’s and Laura Mitchell’s technique on the quality of life and sleep in COPD patients. Methods: It was a randomized clinical trial. Sample size of 68 was calculated by keeping 95% confidence internal and 0.05 margin of error. Patients were induced through convenient sampling technique and then allocated by simple randomization process by opaque sealed envelope into group A and Group B. Group A was treated with Laura Mitchell Relaxation Technique and group B was treated with Jacobson’s Progressive Relaxation Technique for 5 sessions...
The rice crop is one of the most vital cereal crop. It provides food for nearly half of the world... more The rice crop is one of the most vital cereal crop. It provides food for nearly half of the world's population. It is attacked by numbers of insect pests which cause serious damage to the crop. Generally synthetic pesticides are used to control insect pests but these pesticides have serious impacts on the environment and human health. Keeping in view, the present study was conducted to determine the efficacy of microbial pesticides against insect pests of rice. The entomopathogenic fungi and Bacillus species were used for experimentation. The rice plants were grown in pots and in the field. The experiments were done in pots with three experiments as well as in the field by using the entomopathogens alone and in combinations. At the emergence of plants different concentrations of entomopathogens were applied against rice pests. After the application the population reduction percentage data in pots was noted after 24, 48 and 72 hours and in field the population reduction percentag...
Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2016
This paper presents a power control scheme of a current source converter (CSC) which delivers a c... more This paper presents a power control scheme of a current source converter (CSC) which delivers a constant current to the load for induction melting applications. The proposed control scheme with SVPWM pattern regulates the power of a high Q- resonant load by controlling the DC current according to the defined target. The PI controller adjusts the manipulated variable by SVPWM in such a way that the error signal is reduced to a minimum value and a constant current is maintained uninterruptedly for the load. In order to validate this constant current requirement to the load, the output power analysis of the resonant inverter is also carried out in this work. The proposed control scheme is described through simulation in Matlab and the results show its effectiveness in inductionmelting applications.
This study investigates the dynamic effects of fiscal policy shocks in Pakistan by using structur... more This study investigates the dynamic effects of fiscal policy shocks in Pakistan by using structural vector auto-regressive (SVAR) model for annual time series data from 1972 to 2014. To identify the effects of fiscal shocks on macro economy, four different identification approaches has been used i.e. Recursive approach, Blanchard and Perotti approach, Sign Restriction and Event Study approach for two different lags. Both sets of impulse responses gives the same results and support Mountford and Uhlig (2005) that different lag order has no effects on the whole results. While the impulse responses of all identification approaches give different results criticized Caldara and Kamps (2006) that different identification methods given the same results. The most common results provided both government expenditure and revenue shocks showed that an expansionary fiscal policy increased output only for short and medium term at the cost of high prices and have no significant effects in the long...
Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, 2021
Introduction. Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch is the extended version of the traditional econo... more Introduction. Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch is the extended version of the traditional economic emission dispatch problem in which ramp rate is taken into account for the limit of generators in a power network. Purpose. Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch considered the treats of economy and emissions as competitive targets for optimal dispatch problems, and to reach a solution it requires some conflict resolution. Novelty. The decision-making method to solve the Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch problem has a goal for each objective function, for this purpose, the multi-objective problem is transformed into single goal optimization by using the weighted sum method and then control/solve by Whale Optimization Algorithm. Methodology. This paper presents a newly developed metaheuristic technique based on Whale Optimization Algorithm to solve the Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch problem. The main inspiration for this optimization technique is the fact that metaheuristic algorith...
BackgroundPakistan dietary guidelines for better nutrition were developed to cater the local need... more BackgroundPakistan dietary guidelines for better nutrition were developed to cater the local need and prevent nutritional deficiency by providing information to public about healthy eating practices.AimsTo assess the level of adherence to Pakistan Dietary Guidelines for Better Nutrition (PDGN)MethodsIt was a community based study conducted in five cities with two stage stratified sampling approach. Total of 448 participants were interviewed using Food frequency questionnaire adapted to local context. Five food groups (proteins, cereals, dairy, vegetables and fruits) were taken as per country guidelines. A score point of 1 was given to each food group making a total of 5 scores. Data were analyzed using SPSS.ResultsOverall adherence to PDGN was poor as none of the participants had 05 score while only 1% achieved score 04. However, adherence was more in females (B = 0.45, 95%CI = 0.24; 0.66), graduates (B = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.25; 0.64), unmarried (B = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.18; 0.43), unemplo...
BackgroundThe study was designed to estimate daily salt intake, its discretionary use in healthy ... more BackgroundThe study was designed to estimate daily salt intake, its discretionary use in healthy individuals and to validate three common methods for salt estimation in Pakistani population.MethodsInformation on demography and discretionary salt use was collected healthy adults (>18 years) along with a blood sample, spot urine sample and 24 hours urine samples. Sodium, chloride, potassium levels and serum creatinine were measured using standard methods. For daily salt estimation, three common methods i.e. INTERSALT, Tanaka and Kawasaki were validated for their applicability in local settings.ResultsOverall 24 h sodium excretion was 158 mmol/l indicating intake of 8.64 (±4.43) grams salt per day which was significantly associated with male gender (p. <0.004) and adding salt during cooking (p. <0.0001). Most (73%) of the participants know about hazardous effects of high salt intake, however, only 25% consider important to lower salt intake. Although, there is insignificant di...
Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2018
Research regarding MAT (Mobile Application Testing) in Pakistan is hard to discover and to the be... more Research regarding MAT (Mobile Application Testing) in Pakistan is hard to discover and to the best of our knowledge, no work has been done in surveying MAT in Pakistan. In this work, we have examined the current trend and status of MAT in Pakistan. Main objective was to investigate to what extent MAT is currently applied in Pakistan software companies and what experience the companies have with using MAT. Furthermore, efforts were made to find out what testers think about MAT, e.g. issue, advantages and disadvantages of MAT, what factors affects MAT and how they plan to improve MAT. In order to achieve our objectives, we used a comprehensive online survey so we converted our research questions into correspondence survey questions. We served a questionnaire of the survey to 66 testing relevant officials of leading software companies in different cities of Pakistan to develop a model study about general trend and status of MAT which can be generalized all over Pakistan. We received 56 replies in total after over 2 months. After that, we used SPSS tool to analyze the replies of this questionnaire. Cross-Tabulation Analysis and Pearson Chi-square tests have been computed to examine the results. We found some interesting results on current status and practice of MAT in Pakistan software companies.
ABSTRACTGermline pathogenic variants in chromatin-modifying enzymes are a common cause of pediatr... more ABSTRACTGermline pathogenic variants in chromatin-modifying enzymes are a common cause of pediatric developmental disorders. These enzymes catalyze reactions that regulate epigenetic inheritance via histone post-translational modifications and DNA methylation. Cytosine methylation of DNA (5mC) is the quintessential epigenetic mark, yet no human Mendelian disorder of DNA demethylation has been delineated. Here, we describe in detail the first Mendelian disorder caused by disruption of DNA demethylation. TET3 is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that initiates DNA demethylation during early zygote formation, embryogenesis, and neuronal differentiation and is intolerant to haploinsufficiency in mice and humans. Here we identify and characterize 11 cases of human TET3 deficiency in 8 families with the common phenotypic features of intellectual disability/global developmental delay, hypotonia, autistic traits, movement disorders, growth abnormalities, and facial dysmorphism. Mono-allelic fram...
The International Conference on Electrical Engineering, 2008
Induction motor is most widely used motor in the industry. It requires sophisticated control of s... more Induction motor is most widely used motor in the industry. It requires sophisticated control of speed, inrush current and pulsations in the electromagnetic torque developed at the starting. This paper presents the neural network based soft starter with feed back estimator to support the on-line training of the network. Thyristor-based controller is used whose firing angles are adjusted by adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) whose rule base was developed with the experience of the experts and off-line simulation data. A neural network based estimator is designed using back propagation based training algorithms to compute the electromagnetic torque, rotor angles and fluxes fed to ANFIS to adjust the firing angle of the thyristors. Back propagation based neural network was found to be the best among many others because this algorithm requires very small number of neurons. The presented approach can be used with off-line training as well as with on-line training and hence solve the problem of on-line computation of firing angle. Estimator developed was compared in results with the DSP-based estimator and results are shown.
Hepatitis B and C are chronic diseases with mental and social impacts which can result in poor qu... more Hepatitis B and C are chronic diseases with mental and social impacts which can result in poor quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the experiences of stigma in a sample of hepatitis Band C-positive patients in Pakistan. In a cross-sectional study, 140 inpatients and outpatients from 3 tertiary-care hospitals in Islamabad and Rawalpindi answered a semi-structured questionnaire about stigma experienced from relatives, friends, spouse and health-care providers, and about work/financial problems. The majority of patients (75%) said they had had to change their lifestyle, and significantly more were males than females. Stigma was marked in terms of disease transmission, with 66% of patients fearing that they could transmit the infection to others; 19% said that family members avoided sharing towels, soap and eating and drinking utensils. Marital relationships were affected for 51% of married patients who had told their spouse. Patients' comments showed a sense of family and societal discrimination resulting in feelings of disappointment and isolation.
Introduction: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) is the global standard for systematically mo... more Introduction: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) is the global standard for systematically monitoring adult tobacco use and tracking key tobacco control indicators. Methods: Using a multistage stratified cluster design, 9856 households were sampled, and one individual was randomly selected from each household. Standard GATS questionnaire was used to collect information on tobacco use, cessation, secondhand smoke, knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions. Data were analyzed per standard GATS protocol. Results: Of 9856 individuals, 7831 individuals completed the interview. The response rate was 81%. Overall, 19.1% adults were currently using tobacco products and among them, 12.4% smoked tobacco, and 7.7% smokeless tobacco. Exposure to secondhand smoke was seen in 86% in a restaurant while it was 76% on public transportation. A total of 24.7% smokers made a quit attempt in the past 12 months. Anticigarette smoking information was observed by 37.7% adults, while 29.7% current smokers thought about quitting after reading health warning labels on cigarette packages. Most (85%) adults favored no smoking in public places, and 74.8% favored increasing taxes on tobacco products. Current cigarette smokers spent Pakistani Rupees 767.3 per month (7.78 USD) on manufactured cigarettes and consumed 4500 cigarette sticks (225 packs) annually. Conclusions: Besides 19.1% tobacco users, the majority (86%) were exposed to secondhand smoke at public places indicating that ban on tobacco use in public places is not being followed. A quarter of current smokers wants to quit smoking who may be provided assistance to reduce tobacco burden. Implications: This study provides national-level data about tobacco use and its burden and also indicates weak implantation of tobacco control laws. There is need to devise a strategy for proper implementation of these laws to reduce the tobacco burden in the country.
Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute, Jun 21, 2013
Objective: To study the prophylactic effects of High Dose Magnesium Sulphate on Cardiac Arrhythmi... more Objective: To study the prophylactic effects of High Dose Magnesium Sulphate on Cardiac Arrhythmias, Cardiogenic shock and associated mortality in Cases of Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning. Methodology: Seventy One patients of wheat pill poisoning were randomly selected. Thirty seven were given high dose of Magnesium Sulphate (study group) and 34 were given low dose of magnesium sulphate (control group) through intravenous route along with other supportive measures. Patients were observed for cardiac arrhythmias and mortality in both groups. Study end point was safe discharge from the hospital or death. Results: The mean age of the sample was 25.27+7.48 years. Frequency of cardiac arrhythmias was 40.54% (n=15) in study group versus 55.88% (n=19) in the control group. Average length of stay and frequency of cardiogenic shock was slightly lower in the study group, i.e., 1.42+0.65 days while it was 1.78+1.38 days for the control group. Overall, mortality in both the groups was 66.20% (n=47), which remained almost equal in both groups or slightly favored study group with 64.86 % (n=24) in the study and 67.65% (n=23) in the control group. Conclusion: High dose magnesium sulphate administration was found to be helpful for cardiac arrhythmia and shock but mortality remained unchanged.
The prescribed experiment was conducted in glasshouse of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetic... more The prescribed experiment was conducted in glasshouse of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during the growing season of 2011 -2012 to access genetic associations of various traits in twenty Guar (CyamopsistetragonolobaL.) genotypes under water stress conditions. Water stress was applied as the 100% irrigation (control), 75% irrigation (moderate water stress) and 50% irrigation (sever water stress) based on the field capacity of the soil. The results indicated that highly significant phenotypic correlation was found for shoot length (SL) with leaf area (LA) and chlorophyll a (Chlo. a), Chlorophyll b (Chlo. b); root length (RL) with dry root weight (DRW) and leaf area; fresh shoot weight (FSW) with dry shoot weight (DSW) and Chlorophyll b; dry shoot weight with fresh root weight (FRW), leaf area and Chlorophyll b; dry root weight with leaf area and Chlorophyll a with Chlorophyll b while shoot length with Chlorophyll a and b; fre...
The technology of modern power systems is revolutionizing as renewable energy sources are being i... more The technology of modern power systems is revolutionizing as renewable energy sources are being integrated with electric power grids. In the form of inverters, power electronic converters are becoming an integral part of power systems due to their massive demand for grid integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Existing multilevel inverter topologies either require an output filter to get a sinusoidal voltage or generate a higher number of output voltage levels at the expense of many hardware resources. This paper presents a new single-phase 81-level inverter configuration with the name given as ‘Modified W-Type Multilevel Inverter’. The proposed inverter configuration uses only eighteen power switches and four DC voltage sources to generate an 81-level output voltage approaching a sinusoidal waveform without an output filter. The general design equations are developed to calculate the number of switches, the number of voltage levels, and the number of DC sources for the proposed c...
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
This preliminary report describes the occurrence of acute pulmonary emphysema cum pulmonary edema... more This preliminary report describes the occurrence of acute pulmonary emphysema cum pulmonary edema ensuing in extensive subcutaneous emphysematous swellings in a dairy buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) apparently associated with a sudden shift from berseem (Trifolium alexendrinum) to Brassica juncea fodder. Tachypnea, expiratory dyspnea, open-mouth breathing, loud expiratory grunt with abdominal lift, and crackles in ventral aspects of the lungs with normal rectal temperature characterized the condition clinically. A substantial improvement was noted 3 h after treatment with parenteral administration of prednisolone plus dexamethasone, diclofenac sodium, and furosemide. Per os administration of chlortetracycline was undertaken after dyspnea had abated. Extensive subcutaneous swellings developed as sequel on withers, back, axillae, and thorax, was deflated using a hypodermic needle. The buffalo completely recovered in 10 days. As far as could be ascertained, this is the first report dwelling on acute pulmonary emphysema cum pulmonary edema.
Demand forecasting has a pivotal role in making informed business decisions by predicting future ... more Demand forecasting has a pivotal role in making informed business decisions by predicting future sales using historical data. Traditionally, demand forecasting has been widely used in the management of production, staffing and warehousing for sales and marketing data. However, the use of demand forecasting has little been studied in the container shipping industry. Improved visibility into the demand for container shipments has been a long-held objective of industry stakeholders. This paper addresses the shortcomings of both short-term and long-term shipment demand forecasting for the Australian container shipping industry. In this study, we compare three forecasting models, namely, the seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA), Holt–Winters’ seasonal method and Facebook’s Prophet, to find the best fitting model for short-term and long-term import demand forecasting in the Australian shipping industry. Demand data from three years, i.e., 2016–2018, is used for the ...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is progressive respiratory disease characterized by cough, ... more Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is progressive respiratory disease characterized by cough, sputum, and shortness of breath due to increased airway resistance. The prevalence rate for COPD is about 2.1% with population of age 40 years. Long term effects of different treatments lead to decrease the quality of life. Relaxation techniques are simple and improve the relaxation of whole body. Objective: The objective was to compare the effects of Jacobson’s and Laura Mitchell’s technique on the quality of life and sleep in COPD patients. Methods: It was a randomized clinical trial. Sample size of 68 was calculated by keeping 95% confidence internal and 0.05 margin of error. Patients were induced through convenient sampling technique and then allocated by simple randomization process by opaque sealed envelope into group A and Group B. Group A was treated with Laura Mitchell Relaxation Technique and group B was treated with Jacobson’s Progressive Relaxation Technique for 5 sessions...
The rice crop is one of the most vital cereal crop. It provides food for nearly half of the world... more The rice crop is one of the most vital cereal crop. It provides food for nearly half of the world's population. It is attacked by numbers of insect pests which cause serious damage to the crop. Generally synthetic pesticides are used to control insect pests but these pesticides have serious impacts on the environment and human health. Keeping in view, the present study was conducted to determine the efficacy of microbial pesticides against insect pests of rice. The entomopathogenic fungi and Bacillus species were used for experimentation. The rice plants were grown in pots and in the field. The experiments were done in pots with three experiments as well as in the field by using the entomopathogens alone and in combinations. At the emergence of plants different concentrations of entomopathogens were applied against rice pests. After the application the population reduction percentage data in pots was noted after 24, 48 and 72 hours and in field the population reduction percentag...
Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2016
This paper presents a power control scheme of a current source converter (CSC) which delivers a c... more This paper presents a power control scheme of a current source converter (CSC) which delivers a constant current to the load for induction melting applications. The proposed control scheme with SVPWM pattern regulates the power of a high Q- resonant load by controlling the DC current according to the defined target. The PI controller adjusts the manipulated variable by SVPWM in such a way that the error signal is reduced to a minimum value and a constant current is maintained uninterruptedly for the load. In order to validate this constant current requirement to the load, the output power analysis of the resonant inverter is also carried out in this work. The proposed control scheme is described through simulation in Matlab and the results show its effectiveness in inductionmelting applications.
This study investigates the dynamic effects of fiscal policy shocks in Pakistan by using structur... more This study investigates the dynamic effects of fiscal policy shocks in Pakistan by using structural vector auto-regressive (SVAR) model for annual time series data from 1972 to 2014. To identify the effects of fiscal shocks on macro economy, four different identification approaches has been used i.e. Recursive approach, Blanchard and Perotti approach, Sign Restriction and Event Study approach for two different lags. Both sets of impulse responses gives the same results and support Mountford and Uhlig (2005) that different lag order has no effects on the whole results. While the impulse responses of all identification approaches give different results criticized Caldara and Kamps (2006) that different identification methods given the same results. The most common results provided both government expenditure and revenue shocks showed that an expansionary fiscal policy increased output only for short and medium term at the cost of high prices and have no significant effects in the long...
Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, 2021
Introduction. Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch is the extended version of the traditional econo... more Introduction. Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch is the extended version of the traditional economic emission dispatch problem in which ramp rate is taken into account for the limit of generators in a power network. Purpose. Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch considered the treats of economy and emissions as competitive targets for optimal dispatch problems, and to reach a solution it requires some conflict resolution. Novelty. The decision-making method to solve the Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch problem has a goal for each objective function, for this purpose, the multi-objective problem is transformed into single goal optimization by using the weighted sum method and then control/solve by Whale Optimization Algorithm. Methodology. This paper presents a newly developed metaheuristic technique based on Whale Optimization Algorithm to solve the Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch problem. The main inspiration for this optimization technique is the fact that metaheuristic algorith...
BackgroundPakistan dietary guidelines for better nutrition were developed to cater the local need... more BackgroundPakistan dietary guidelines for better nutrition were developed to cater the local need and prevent nutritional deficiency by providing information to public about healthy eating practices.AimsTo assess the level of adherence to Pakistan Dietary Guidelines for Better Nutrition (PDGN)MethodsIt was a community based study conducted in five cities with two stage stratified sampling approach. Total of 448 participants were interviewed using Food frequency questionnaire adapted to local context. Five food groups (proteins, cereals, dairy, vegetables and fruits) were taken as per country guidelines. A score point of 1 was given to each food group making a total of 5 scores. Data were analyzed using SPSS.ResultsOverall adherence to PDGN was poor as none of the participants had 05 score while only 1% achieved score 04. However, adherence was more in females (B = 0.45, 95%CI = 0.24; 0.66), graduates (B = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.25; 0.64), unmarried (B = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.18; 0.43), unemplo...
BackgroundThe study was designed to estimate daily salt intake, its discretionary use in healthy ... more BackgroundThe study was designed to estimate daily salt intake, its discretionary use in healthy individuals and to validate three common methods for salt estimation in Pakistani population.MethodsInformation on demography and discretionary salt use was collected healthy adults (>18 years) along with a blood sample, spot urine sample and 24 hours urine samples. Sodium, chloride, potassium levels and serum creatinine were measured using standard methods. For daily salt estimation, three common methods i.e. INTERSALT, Tanaka and Kawasaki were validated for their applicability in local settings.ResultsOverall 24 h sodium excretion was 158 mmol/l indicating intake of 8.64 (±4.43) grams salt per day which was significantly associated with male gender (p. <0.004) and adding salt during cooking (p. <0.0001). Most (73%) of the participants know about hazardous effects of high salt intake, however, only 25% consider important to lower salt intake. Although, there is insignificant di...
Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2018
Research regarding MAT (Mobile Application Testing) in Pakistan is hard to discover and to the be... more Research regarding MAT (Mobile Application Testing) in Pakistan is hard to discover and to the best of our knowledge, no work has been done in surveying MAT in Pakistan. In this work, we have examined the current trend and status of MAT in Pakistan. Main objective was to investigate to what extent MAT is currently applied in Pakistan software companies and what experience the companies have with using MAT. Furthermore, efforts were made to find out what testers think about MAT, e.g. issue, advantages and disadvantages of MAT, what factors affects MAT and how they plan to improve MAT. In order to achieve our objectives, we used a comprehensive online survey so we converted our research questions into correspondence survey questions. We served a questionnaire of the survey to 66 testing relevant officials of leading software companies in different cities of Pakistan to develop a model study about general trend and status of MAT which can be generalized all over Pakistan. We received 56 replies in total after over 2 months. After that, we used SPSS tool to analyze the replies of this questionnaire. Cross-Tabulation Analysis and Pearson Chi-square tests have been computed to examine the results. We found some interesting results on current status and practice of MAT in Pakistan software companies.
ABSTRACTGermline pathogenic variants in chromatin-modifying enzymes are a common cause of pediatr... more ABSTRACTGermline pathogenic variants in chromatin-modifying enzymes are a common cause of pediatric developmental disorders. These enzymes catalyze reactions that regulate epigenetic inheritance via histone post-translational modifications and DNA methylation. Cytosine methylation of DNA (5mC) is the quintessential epigenetic mark, yet no human Mendelian disorder of DNA demethylation has been delineated. Here, we describe in detail the first Mendelian disorder caused by disruption of DNA demethylation. TET3 is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that initiates DNA demethylation during early zygote formation, embryogenesis, and neuronal differentiation and is intolerant to haploinsufficiency in mice and humans. Here we identify and characterize 11 cases of human TET3 deficiency in 8 families with the common phenotypic features of intellectual disability/global developmental delay, hypotonia, autistic traits, movement disorders, growth abnormalities, and facial dysmorphism. Mono-allelic fram...
The International Conference on Electrical Engineering, 2008
Induction motor is most widely used motor in the industry. It requires sophisticated control of s... more Induction motor is most widely used motor in the industry. It requires sophisticated control of speed, inrush current and pulsations in the electromagnetic torque developed at the starting. This paper presents the neural network based soft starter with feed back estimator to support the on-line training of the network. Thyristor-based controller is used whose firing angles are adjusted by adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) whose rule base was developed with the experience of the experts and off-line simulation data. A neural network based estimator is designed using back propagation based training algorithms to compute the electromagnetic torque, rotor angles and fluxes fed to ANFIS to adjust the firing angle of the thyristors. Back propagation based neural network was found to be the best among many others because this algorithm requires very small number of neurons. The presented approach can be used with off-line training as well as with on-line training and hence solve the problem of on-line computation of firing angle. Estimator developed was compared in results with the DSP-based estimator and results are shown.
Hepatitis B and C are chronic diseases with mental and social impacts which can result in poor qu... more Hepatitis B and C are chronic diseases with mental and social impacts which can result in poor quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the experiences of stigma in a sample of hepatitis Band C-positive patients in Pakistan. In a cross-sectional study, 140 inpatients and outpatients from 3 tertiary-care hospitals in Islamabad and Rawalpindi answered a semi-structured questionnaire about stigma experienced from relatives, friends, spouse and health-care providers, and about work/financial problems. The majority of patients (75%) said they had had to change their lifestyle, and significantly more were males than females. Stigma was marked in terms of disease transmission, with 66% of patients fearing that they could transmit the infection to others; 19% said that family members avoided sharing towels, soap and eating and drinking utensils. Marital relationships were affected for 51% of married patients who had told their spouse. Patients' comments showed a sense of family and societal discrimination resulting in feelings of disappointment and isolation.
Introduction: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) is the global standard for systematically mo... more Introduction: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) is the global standard for systematically monitoring adult tobacco use and tracking key tobacco control indicators. Methods: Using a multistage stratified cluster design, 9856 households were sampled, and one individual was randomly selected from each household. Standard GATS questionnaire was used to collect information on tobacco use, cessation, secondhand smoke, knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions. Data were analyzed per standard GATS protocol. Results: Of 9856 individuals, 7831 individuals completed the interview. The response rate was 81%. Overall, 19.1% adults were currently using tobacco products and among them, 12.4% smoked tobacco, and 7.7% smokeless tobacco. Exposure to secondhand smoke was seen in 86% in a restaurant while it was 76% on public transportation. A total of 24.7% smokers made a quit attempt in the past 12 months. Anticigarette smoking information was observed by 37.7% adults, while 29.7% current smokers thought about quitting after reading health warning labels on cigarette packages. Most (85%) adults favored no smoking in public places, and 74.8% favored increasing taxes on tobacco products. Current cigarette smokers spent Pakistani Rupees 767.3 per month (7.78 USD) on manufactured cigarettes and consumed 4500 cigarette sticks (225 packs) annually. Conclusions: Besides 19.1% tobacco users, the majority (86%) were exposed to secondhand smoke at public places indicating that ban on tobacco use in public places is not being followed. A quarter of current smokers wants to quit smoking who may be provided assistance to reduce tobacco burden. Implications: This study provides national-level data about tobacco use and its burden and also indicates weak implantation of tobacco control laws. There is need to devise a strategy for proper implementation of these laws to reduce the tobacco burden in the country.
Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute, Jun 21, 2013
Objective: To study the prophylactic effects of High Dose Magnesium Sulphate on Cardiac Arrhythmi... more Objective: To study the prophylactic effects of High Dose Magnesium Sulphate on Cardiac Arrhythmias, Cardiogenic shock and associated mortality in Cases of Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning. Methodology: Seventy One patients of wheat pill poisoning were randomly selected. Thirty seven were given high dose of Magnesium Sulphate (study group) and 34 were given low dose of magnesium sulphate (control group) through intravenous route along with other supportive measures. Patients were observed for cardiac arrhythmias and mortality in both groups. Study end point was safe discharge from the hospital or death. Results: The mean age of the sample was 25.27+7.48 years. Frequency of cardiac arrhythmias was 40.54% (n=15) in study group versus 55.88% (n=19) in the control group. Average length of stay and frequency of cardiogenic shock was slightly lower in the study group, i.e., 1.42+0.65 days while it was 1.78+1.38 days for the control group. Overall, mortality in both the groups was 66.20% (n=47), which remained almost equal in both groups or slightly favored study group with 64.86 % (n=24) in the study and 67.65% (n=23) in the control group. Conclusion: High dose magnesium sulphate administration was found to be helpful for cardiac arrhythmia and shock but mortality remained unchanged.
The prescribed experiment was conducted in glasshouse of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetic... more The prescribed experiment was conducted in glasshouse of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during the growing season of 2011 -2012 to access genetic associations of various traits in twenty Guar (CyamopsistetragonolobaL.) genotypes under water stress conditions. Water stress was applied as the 100% irrigation (control), 75% irrigation (moderate water stress) and 50% irrigation (sever water stress) based on the field capacity of the soil. The results indicated that highly significant phenotypic correlation was found for shoot length (SL) with leaf area (LA) and chlorophyll a (Chlo. a), Chlorophyll b (Chlo. b); root length (RL) with dry root weight (DRW) and leaf area; fresh shoot weight (FSW) with dry shoot weight (DSW) and Chlorophyll b; dry shoot weight with fresh root weight (FRW), leaf area and Chlorophyll b; dry root weight with leaf area and Chlorophyll a with Chlorophyll b while shoot length with Chlorophyll a and b; fre...
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