Papers by Muhammad Rafique
International Urogynecology Journal, 2002
Intravesical migration of an intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) in a 28-year-old woman res... more Intravesical migration of an intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) in a 28-year-old woman resulted in recurrent urinary tract infections. She received antibiotic treatment from her general practitioner but had no investigations done. Later on she became pregnant and investigations revealed that the thread of IUCD was missing and there was a vesical calculus. After she had delivered the baby, a pelvic X-ray was taken and showed a vesical calculus on the IUCD. Both calculus and IUCD were removed cystoscopically.
In this paper we present the main concepts of High Speed Packet Access Evolution currently being ... more In this paper we present the main concepts of High Speed Packet Access Evolution currently being standardized in 3GPP. In general HSPA Evolution consists of introduction of MIMO, higher order modulation, and protocol optimizations and optimizations for voice over IP. We describe these improvements in detail and show that HSPA Evolution can reach performance comparable to those of Long Term Evolution of UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network in a 5MHz deployment.
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Papers by Muhammad Rafique