Papers by Muhammad Mubaraki
A methodology for maintenance and rehabilitation strategies for high volume roads based on develo... more A methodology for maintenance and rehabilitation strategies for high volume roads based on developed pavement distress models is presented. In Saudi Arabia, huge investments have been made in constructing a large road network. For sustainability of this network, periodic evaluation and timely maintenance to keep the network operating is a must. Historical data of pavement distress on low volume urban roads in cities across Saudi Arabia were collected. These data were processed and analyzed and the results have been employed to generate prediction models for pavement distress for the Saudi Urban Road Network (SURN). This paper aims to express maintenance strategies at project level for high volume urban roads based on the developed models. A sigmoid function was found to be the best fit for the data. Seven prediction models for different pavement distress type have been developed. Maintenance and rehabilitation strategies have been proposed as applications of these prediction models.
This study aims to determine the reasons for settlement on King Faisal Road in Jazan City, Kingdo... more This study aims to determine the reasons for settlement on King Faisal Road in Jazan City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, using Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques. Pavement engineers and contractors in Saudi Arabia are often faced with the challenges of constructing pavement for desert sand dune areas, mountainous areas, and the sabkha or salt flat areas, and they are faced with problems of settlement. King Faisal Road in Jazan City is selected as a case study. This road suffers distress problems such as settlement and bleeding. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the reasons for the settlement on King Faisal Road in Jazan City by using two criteria of investigations. These criteria of investigation include soil and asphalt laboratory test results, and analysis of the site’s drainage system by Geographic Information System (GIS). The obtained results show that the reasons for settlement along King Faisal Road were focused on the drainage systems on the road...
The development of distress prediction models for overlaid flexible main street pavements in larg... more The development of distress prediction models for overlaid flexible main street pavements in large municipalities cross Saudi Arabia is described. The sigmoid of models represented quantitatively predict distress density versus pavement age and are based on pavement condition data maintained by the General Directorate of Operation and Maintenance (GDOM) at the Municipality of Riyadh city, Jeddah city, Makkah holy city, Madinah city, and Damam city. Different model forms of the sigmoid family were examined in an attempt to identify the most appropriate one for fitting the data. Models are available for the following distress types in flexible main street pavements: Block Cracks, Longitudinal and Transverse Cracking, Patching, Potholes, Depressions, Weathering and Raveling, and Cracking (due to patching). The seven models have been developed using more than 11 years survey data for overlaid sections on the road network of Riyadh, Jeddah, Makkah, Madinah, and Damam. In all prediction m...
International journal of engineering and technology, 2016
International journal of pavement research and technology, 2013
The effect of specimen thickness and crack length on the variations of mode I and mode II stress ... more The effect of specimen thickness and crack length on the variations of mode I and mode II stress intensity factors (SIFs) have been analyzed by using three dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA). Center cracked circular disc specimen (CCCD) was used in this investigation. Eight values of specimen thickness to specimen radius ratio were studied numerically, varied from 0.1 to 0.8. The present experimental research has been conducted to study the effect of replacing 10% of fine aggregate by volume with crumb rubber on crack initiation angle, crack path and fracture toughness for different mode of mixity. It can be concluded that, the site of crack initiation in notched CCCD specimen was found numerically and experimentally as at the point of the longest vertical coordinate on the notch surface for different inclination notch angle. The value of normalized mode I SIF increased at the mid plane of specimen by increasing the thickness of the specimen. However, at the specimen surfa...
This research focuses on the possibility of using hydrated lime as an agent to enhance the proper... more This research focuses on the possibility of using hydrated lime as an agent to enhance the properties of sabkha soil, such as maximum dry density, optimum water content, liquid limit, plasticity index, maximum strength, and compressibility. A series of laboratory tests was conducted on selected soil treated with 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 % of lime by weight of dry sabkha soil. It was found that the addition of lime to a soil generally results in a reduction of moisture content with reference to compaction and strength, and it leads to an improvement in unconfined compressive strength by the percentage of lime added when compared to the untreated mix. It was found that the addition of the lime to a soil generally results in different decreases in settlement and to different increases in maximum dry density and strength. It was observed that values for consolidation tests indicate that a minimal reduction in void ratio points to failure or collapse not being produced as expected. However, the...
In this study, pavement deterioration recognizes three factors in defining distress propagation n... more In this study, pavement deterioration recognizes three factors in defining distress propagation namely pavement age, traffic volumes, and availability of a drainage system. However, the three factors data were subjected to descriptive and inductive statistical tests to evaluate their level of significance. The descriptive analysis highlights the numerical summaries and scatter plots. The inductive analysis discusses the significance of the factors affecting pavement distress propagation, including experiment design, and tests of significance for both parametric test and nonparametric tests. The numerical summaries of the current study reveal that pavement distress density values for all types of distress considered in this study showed variations in distributions. Traffic and drainage data exhibited significant variations and dispersions. The data are not normally distributed, the scatter diagrams reveal that most points at different levels for different factors are mixed together r...
This study was conducted to investigate the use of oil palm fruit ash-modified bitumen (OPFA-MB) ... more This study was conducted to investigate the use of oil palm fruit ash-modified bitumen (OPFA-MB) as a binder in stone-mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures. The OPFA was used to take advantage of a waste by-product of the palm oil milling industry which could help to reduce environmental pollution. Binder tests such as penetration, softening point, viscosity, storage stability, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), bending beam rheometer (BBR), and the direct tension test (DTT) were conducted on both unmodified and OPFA-modified bitumens. It was found that the properties of unmodified bitumen improve when OPFA is added. In addition, several asphalt mixture tests, including the Marshall Stability test, indirect tensile modulus resilience test, static uniaxial creep test, wheel tracking test, static-immersion and boiling water test, and drain-down test, were also performed on SMA mixes. The presence of OPFA was observed to enhance the stability, resilient modulus, and rut resistance of SMA mixes compared to the unmodified bitumen. This material was also found to be a good alternative material for fiber replacement in SMA mixes.
Characterization, Mechanisms, Simulation, and Modeling, 2008
International journal of pavement research and technology, 2012
This paper presents a methodology for maintenance and rehabilitation strategies for low volume ro... more This paper presents a methodology for maintenance and rehabilitation strategies for low volume roads based on developed pavement distress models. Saudi Arabia has made huge investments in constructing a large road network. To sustain this network, periodic evaluation and timely maintenance to keep the network operating are necessary. Historical data of pavement distress on low volume urban roads in five cities were collected--Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, AL-Madinah, and Jazan. These data were processed and analyzed, and the results have been employed to generate prediction models for pavement distress for the Saudi Urban Road Network (SURN) in order to develop the current approach. A sigmoid function was found to be the best fit for the data. Six prediction models for different pavement distress type have been developed. Maintenance and rehabilitation strategies have been proposed as applications of these prediction models.
Two performance-grade asphalt binders, PG 64-10 and PG 76-10, and two modifiers, Acrylate Styrene... more Two performance-grade asphalt binders, PG 64-10 and PG 76-10, and two modifiers, Acrylate Styrene Acrylonhrtilrei (ASA) polymer and nanomaterials of Al 2 O 3 , have been used to modify properties of asphalt mixes. The main function of this study is to characterize and assess materials of modified asphalt binder mixes by three important rheological properties, namely Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). For the same mixes of modified asphalt binders, physical properties were obtained previously, therefore, FTIR, SEM, and XRD results followed the results of physical properties. The data analysis clearly indicates that although the SEM images show uniform dispersion of the ASA and Al 2 O 3 , it has been concluded that the FTIR spectra of ASA polymer- and Al 2 O 3 -altered asphalt binders were similar notwithstanding highest points, which established that no adjustment in structure occurred in the altered binder...
Pavements represent an important infrastructure to all countries. In Saudi Arabia, huge investmen... more Pavements represent an important infrastructure to all countries. In Saudi Arabia, huge investments have been made in constructing a large network. This network requires great care through conducting periodic evaluation and timely maintenance to keep the network operating under acceptable level of service. Pavement distress prediction and pavement condition prediction models can greatly enhance the capabilities of a pavement management system. These models allow pavement authorities to predict the deterioration of the pavements and consequently determine the maintenance needs and activities, predicting the timing of maintenance or rehabilitation, and estimating the long range funding requirements for preserving the performance of the network. In this study, historical data of pavement distress and pavement condition on the main and secondary road network of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were collected. These data were categorized, processed, and analyzed. These data have been employed to gen...
To simulate the progressive failure of pinned joint in quasi-isotropic [0/45/45/90]s glass fiber ... more To simulate the progressive failure of pinned joint in quasi-isotropic [0/45/45/90]s glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite laminates used in pipeline, 3-D finite element model is employed in the present work. Hashin failure criterion as a progressive damage model associated with Virtual-CrackClosing-Technique (VCCT) delamination model has been adopted to predicate the failure due to fiber breakage, matrix cracking and delamination in composite pinned joint. This technique may be an innovation for this paper. W/D has been changed to get different modes of failure, i.e. tension, shear-out and bearing failures, in composite pinned joint,. The failure mode for GFRP composite pinned joint has been predicted finally after prediction the failure at each ply laminate of stacking sequence [0/45/-45/90]s. An experimental work of pinned joint in quasi-isotropic GFRP composite laminates has been conducted to validate the present numerical results. The numerical and experimental result...
The aim of the present work is to study the efficiency of the glass fiber reinforced polymer patc... more The aim of the present work is to study the efficiency of the glass fiber reinforced polymer patch for repairing cracked steel pipe subjected to internal pressure. The effect of fiber orientation, [0°] 8s , [90°] 8s , and [0°/90°] 4s , of bonded composite repair on reducing J -integral of stationary crack with different inclination angles (θ) is studied using the 3-D finite element method, FEM. Extended-FEM has been adopted to simulate the crack growth of different inclined stationary cracks in steel pipe subjected to internal pressure. It has been found that, the growing crack emanated from inclined stationary crack switched its path to be under pure mode I. The crack initiation pressure of inclined stationary crack in steel pipe with composite repair is higher than that of pipe without composite repair. The composite repair reduced the value of J -integral of stationary crack in steel pipe. This reduction is strongly affected by the crack length and θ of the stationary crack and i...
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering
Scientia Iranica
This study investigates the effects of ageing simulation on the physical properties of nano-clay ... more This study investigates the effects of ageing simulation on the physical properties of nano-clay modified bitumens (NCMBs). Bitumen with penetration grade 60/70 is modified with 0, 2 and 4% nano-clay, and the consistency of the samples is characterized using the penetration, softening point, and viscosity tests before and after aging. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to evaluate the surface roughness and tip deflection of the modified bitumens. The results of the consistency tests revealed that the incorporation of nano-clay up to 4% NC resulted in increased hardness of the modified bitumen, and all modified bitumens were affected by ageing; the results for surface roughness and tip deflection showed a similar trend and 2NCMB exhibited the lowest roughness and highest tip deflection. However, the results of consistency tests and AFM for ageing sensitivity of the bitumens are different, indicating that the addition of nano-clay has an effect on the modified bitumen but not on the unmodified bitumen. There is a high correlation between the results of consistency tests, surface roughness and tip deflection, which implies that AFM is able to identify any changes in the fluidity of the bitumen. However, the correlation between tip deflection and penetration is very weak.
Sustainability
Governments face numerous challenges in sustaining road network conditions. This is attributed to... more Governments face numerous challenges in sustaining road network conditions. This is attributed to road authorities’ shortages of financial and physical infrastructure. As a result, low-cost automated solutions are being pursued to solve these problems and provide people with appropriate road conditions. Several attempts have been made to improve these technologies and incorporate them into a Pavement Management System (PMS) but limited attempts are made for developing countries. This study aimed to design a low-cost pavement management system for flexible pavement maintenance. A detailed literature review has been carried out, followed by a qualitative assessment of the various indicators considered for PMS. The priority ranks of the PMS indicators were made using an Analytical Network Process (ANP) and each rank was validated by a sensitivity assessment test using the Super Decision-Making tool. This paper also provides the conceptual framework for the low-cost PMS, followed by a f...
Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition)
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport
The Open Transportation Journal
Background: Globally, Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are one of the significant causes of fatality... more Background: Globally, Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are one of the significant causes of fatality and injury. In Libya, RTAs have resulted in disabilities and were the third leading cause of death. However, there is a lack of information on RTAs and road safety in Libya. Objective: The present study aims to fill the knowledge gap by performing a statistical analysis to identify the factors associated with road accident severity in El-Brega Coastal Freeway. Methods: RTAs data extracted from police investigation reports in Ajdabiya Municipality for the period from 2001 to 2010. Then descriptive analysis and Binary logistic regression model (BLM) are applied to analyzing the data. Results: Descriptive analysis results showed that between 2001 and 2010, approximately 45% of RTAs in Ajdabiya Municipality occurred on El-Brega Coastal Freeway, and more than 1225 individuals lost their lives or sustained injuries in these RTAs. Furthermore, Sixty-two percent (n = 137) of those who died in a...
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Papers by Muhammad Mubaraki