This paper discusses real time implementation of a new software defined radio (SDR) for orthogona... more This paper discusses real time implementation of a new software defined radio (SDR) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The proposed SDR is implemented on a single PC, which does not include any external hardware and solely rely on the capabilities of the PC. A step by step comparison of the proposed SDR with the real world system for OFDM is presented and the errors encountered by the proposed SDR due to sampling offsets are also discussed. Since the proposed SDR does not include any external hardware, its portability is tremendous and upgradation is economical, and the approach can be extended to other communication techniques. The SDR is a multi-standard device and a flexible and economical approach for communication because it incorporates the newer technologies without considerable change of hardware.
This paper introduces a weighted genetic algorithm (GA) based clustering method for datasets with... more This paper introduces a weighted genetic algorithm (GA) based clustering method for datasets with differently scaled dimensions. Several types of synthetic two dimensional scatter data were clustered using the typical k-means clustering method. The weighted GA-based clustering method was developed to address the problem of clustering data with differently scaled (heteroscaled) dimensions. Cluster analysis results obtained from using this method was compared to the results produced from the application of the traditional k-means clustering. By introducing weights in the fitness evaluation component of the meta-heuristic search method, a more efficient clustering of heteroscaled data was produced. In real applications, this method can be used in cluster analyses of scatter data with significantly different scales in dimensions, such as kurtosis versus fatigue damage relationship scatter data.
... Ghazala Shaheen , Muhammad Usman Malik, Zohair Ihsan, Nadeem Daudpota Department of Computer ... more ... Ghazala Shaheen , Muhammad Usman Malik, Zohair Ihsan, Nadeem Daudpota Department of Computer Science COMSATS Institute of Information ... D. & Boukhatem N. "Cooperative Congestion Control Schemes in ATM Networks", IEEE Communications Magazine, Nov 1996 ...
In this paper, we present a method to navigate a mobile robot using a webcam. This method determi... more In this paper, we present a method to navigate a mobile robot using a webcam. This method determines the shortest path for the robot to transverse to its target location, while avoiding obstacles along the way. The environment is first captured as an image using a webcam. Image processing methods are then performed to identify the existence of obstacles within the environment. Using the Cell Decomposition method, locations with obstacles are identified and the corresponding cells are eliminated. From the remaining cells, the shortest path to the goal is identified. The program is written in MATLAB with the Image Processing toolbox. The proposed method does not make use of any other type of sensor other than the webcam.
Unsaturated polyester resins containing long chain fatty acids and styrene as cross-linking agent... more Unsaturated polyester resins containing long chain fatty acids and styrene as cross-linking agents are easily available in Pakistan. I have made use of these resins in the preparation of overprint varnish, ornaments, synthetic marble and other related substances. The octates of manganese, cobalt, calcium and lead along with peroxide were used for jelling and drying of the resins. The effects of metal driers, aluminium stearate, peroxides and unsaturated long chain fatty acids in the composition as mentioned in the experimental section were also studied. The merits and demerits developed in the end products resulting from the variation of these chemicals in the compositions were also noted at their respective places.
Abstract The study of time series behaviour refers to the analysis of certain unique attributes ... more Abstract The study of time series behaviour refers to the analysis of certain unique attributes that exist in the time series data. The presence of these attributes in the data series may influence the decision making process. These attributes are generally grouped into four main ...
Heritability, inter-relationship and path coefficient studies were performed in a 5 × 5 diallel c... more Heritability, inter-relationship and path coefficient studies were performed in a 5 × 5 diallel cross of wheat. Moderate to very high broad sense heritability was estimated for all the morphological characters except fertile tillers per plant. Plant height exhibited highest heritability value of ...
Six wheat varieties/lines and six derived F 2 hybrids were studied to ascertain and compare herit... more Six wheat varieties/lines and six derived F 2 hybrids were studied to ascertain and compare heritability and genetic advance for flag leaf osmotic pressure, flag leaf water potential, flag leaf venation, flag leaf area and flag leaf thickness. Most of these characters had high heritabilities and expected genetic advance. Prospects of genetic improvement for all the characters studied are evident. The most promising cross combinations are WL59xLU26S and WL60xLU26S. These traits therefore, deserve better attention in future breeding projects for evolving better wheat for stress environments.
The detection of abrupt changes refers to a time instant at which properties suddenly change, but... more The detection of abrupt changes refers to a time instant at which properties suddenly change, but before and after which properties are constant in some sense. CUSUM (Cumulative Sum) is a sequential analysis technique that is used in the detection of abrupt changes. The objective in this study is to apply CUSUM technique in analysing fatigue data for detection of abrupt changes. For the purpose of this study, a collection of nonstationary data that exhibits a random behavior was used. This random data was measured in the unit of microstrain on the lower suspension arm of a car. Experimentally, the data was collected for 60 seconds at a sampling rate of 500 Hz, which gave 30,000 discrete data points. By using CUSUM method, a CUSUM plot was constructed in monitoring the mean changes for fatigue data. Global signal statistical value indicated that the data were non Gaussian distribution in nature. The result of the study indicates that CUSUM method is only applicable for certain type of data with mixed high amplitude in a random background data.
The paper examines the relationship of economic and financial variables with behavior of stock re... more The paper examines the relationship of economic and financial variables with behavior of stock returns in ten industrial sectors of KSE using monthly data. An Arbitrage Pricing Model is estimated in which the risk premia vary in proportion to the conditional volatilities of the macroeconomic and financial innovations which follow an autoregressive specification and exhibit strong time-variation from month to month. To overcome the generated-regressor problem the methodology of Koutoulas and Kryzanowski (1996) has been followed with some modifications. Each model is estimated by using nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression technique. The study indicates that unanticipated realizations of economic and financial variables are significant determinants of movements in stock returns. The results also imply that the predictable volatility in economic and financial factors in general has an insignificant effect on risk premium.
This paper discusses real time implementation of a new software defined radio (SDR) for orthogona... more This paper discusses real time implementation of a new software defined radio (SDR) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The proposed SDR is implemented on a single PC, which does not include any external hardware and solely rely on the capabilities of the PC. A step by step comparison of the proposed SDR with the real world system for OFDM is presented and the errors encountered by the proposed SDR due to sampling offsets are also discussed. Since the proposed SDR does not include any external hardware, its portability is tremendous and upgradation is economical, and the approach can be extended to other communication techniques. The SDR is a multi-standard device and a flexible and economical approach for communication because it incorporates the newer technologies without considerable change of hardware.
This paper introduces a weighted genetic algorithm (GA) based clustering method for datasets with... more This paper introduces a weighted genetic algorithm (GA) based clustering method for datasets with differently scaled dimensions. Several types of synthetic two dimensional scatter data were clustered using the typical k-means clustering method. The weighted GA-based clustering method was developed to address the problem of clustering data with differently scaled (heteroscaled) dimensions. Cluster analysis results obtained from using this method was compared to the results produced from the application of the traditional k-means clustering. By introducing weights in the fitness evaluation component of the meta-heuristic search method, a more efficient clustering of heteroscaled data was produced. In real applications, this method can be used in cluster analyses of scatter data with significantly different scales in dimensions, such as kurtosis versus fatigue damage relationship scatter data.
... Ghazala Shaheen , Muhammad Usman Malik, Zohair Ihsan, Nadeem Daudpota Department of Computer ... more ... Ghazala Shaheen , Muhammad Usman Malik, Zohair Ihsan, Nadeem Daudpota Department of Computer Science COMSATS Institute of Information ... D. & Boukhatem N. "Cooperative Congestion Control Schemes in ATM Networks", IEEE Communications Magazine, Nov 1996 ...
In this paper, we present a method to navigate a mobile robot using a webcam. This method determi... more In this paper, we present a method to navigate a mobile robot using a webcam. This method determines the shortest path for the robot to transverse to its target location, while avoiding obstacles along the way. The environment is first captured as an image using a webcam. Image processing methods are then performed to identify the existence of obstacles within the environment. Using the Cell Decomposition method, locations with obstacles are identified and the corresponding cells are eliminated. From the remaining cells, the shortest path to the goal is identified. The program is written in MATLAB with the Image Processing toolbox. The proposed method does not make use of any other type of sensor other than the webcam.
Unsaturated polyester resins containing long chain fatty acids and styrene as cross-linking agent... more Unsaturated polyester resins containing long chain fatty acids and styrene as cross-linking agents are easily available in Pakistan. I have made use of these resins in the preparation of overprint varnish, ornaments, synthetic marble and other related substances. The octates of manganese, cobalt, calcium and lead along with peroxide were used for jelling and drying of the resins. The effects of metal driers, aluminium stearate, peroxides and unsaturated long chain fatty acids in the composition as mentioned in the experimental section were also studied. The merits and demerits developed in the end products resulting from the variation of these chemicals in the compositions were also noted at their respective places.
Abstract The study of time series behaviour refers to the analysis of certain unique attributes ... more Abstract The study of time series behaviour refers to the analysis of certain unique attributes that exist in the time series data. The presence of these attributes in the data series may influence the decision making process. These attributes are generally grouped into four main ...
Heritability, inter-relationship and path coefficient studies were performed in a 5 × 5 diallel c... more Heritability, inter-relationship and path coefficient studies were performed in a 5 × 5 diallel cross of wheat. Moderate to very high broad sense heritability was estimated for all the morphological characters except fertile tillers per plant. Plant height exhibited highest heritability value of ...
Six wheat varieties/lines and six derived F 2 hybrids were studied to ascertain and compare herit... more Six wheat varieties/lines and six derived F 2 hybrids were studied to ascertain and compare heritability and genetic advance for flag leaf osmotic pressure, flag leaf water potential, flag leaf venation, flag leaf area and flag leaf thickness. Most of these characters had high heritabilities and expected genetic advance. Prospects of genetic improvement for all the characters studied are evident. The most promising cross combinations are WL59xLU26S and WL60xLU26S. These traits therefore, deserve better attention in future breeding projects for evolving better wheat for stress environments.
The detection of abrupt changes refers to a time instant at which properties suddenly change, but... more The detection of abrupt changes refers to a time instant at which properties suddenly change, but before and after which properties are constant in some sense. CUSUM (Cumulative Sum) is a sequential analysis technique that is used in the detection of abrupt changes. The objective in this study is to apply CUSUM technique in analysing fatigue data for detection of abrupt changes. For the purpose of this study, a collection of nonstationary data that exhibits a random behavior was used. This random data was measured in the unit of microstrain on the lower suspension arm of a car. Experimentally, the data was collected for 60 seconds at a sampling rate of 500 Hz, which gave 30,000 discrete data points. By using CUSUM method, a CUSUM plot was constructed in monitoring the mean changes for fatigue data. Global signal statistical value indicated that the data were non Gaussian distribution in nature. The result of the study indicates that CUSUM method is only applicable for certain type of data with mixed high amplitude in a random background data.
The paper examines the relationship of economic and financial variables with behavior of stock re... more The paper examines the relationship of economic and financial variables with behavior of stock returns in ten industrial sectors of KSE using monthly data. An Arbitrage Pricing Model is estimated in which the risk premia vary in proportion to the conditional volatilities of the macroeconomic and financial innovations which follow an autoregressive specification and exhibit strong time-variation from month to month. To overcome the generated-regressor problem the methodology of Koutoulas and Kryzanowski (1996) has been followed with some modifications. Each model is estimated by using nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression technique. The study indicates that unanticipated realizations of economic and financial variables are significant determinants of movements in stock returns. The results also imply that the predictable volatility in economic and financial factors in general has an insignificant effect on risk premium.
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Papers by Muhammad Ihsan