Papers by Muhammad Ibrahim
The book comprises of five chapters, chapter one is the introduction of the book which includes a... more The book comprises of five chapters, chapter one is the introduction of the book which includes a brief description of the topic, problem background of the study, methodology, aim and objectives of the study, research questions and significance of carrying out the study. Chapter two dealt with literature survey of the related studies, chapter three discusses methods and materials used to conduct the study. Chapter four entail description of three-tier architectural design of hospital information system consisting of presentation, clinical and data access layer.The chapter also explored information strategy and conversion processes requires to migrate from a manual hospital –clinical processes to a computer based clinical information system. It also described some information systems that could be used in the healthcare settings. Chapter five is summary, conclusion, and recommendations. Similarly, the author provided a section of glossary where definitions and acronyms of Information...
Neural Computing and Applications
Nanofabrication, 2020
This study aims to formulate mucoadhesive vancomycin loaded thiolated chitosan (TCS) nanoparticle... more This study aims to formulate mucoadhesive vancomycin loaded thiolated chitosan (TCS) nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are mucoadhesive and enhance the retention of the drug at the ocular site. For this purpose, TCS loaded vancomycin nanoparticles were prepared by the ion-gelation method and were characterized for their size, shape, polydispersity index, mucoadhesion, cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory activity. The average size of the synthesized nanoparticles was found to be 288 nm with positive zeta potential. Moreover, 85% vancomycin was successfully encapsulated in TCS nanoparticles by using this method. A 2-fold increase in mucoadhesion was found as compared to non-thiolated vancomycin formulation (p < 0.05). Zone of inhibition of vancomycin loaded TCS was also significantly improved compared to non-thiolated chitosan nanoparticles and vancomycin alone. In-vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation via histopathology resulted in ocular healing. Based on the results, it is inferr...
Business and Economic Research, 2014
Economic system appears to be best if they provide according to what people want. The
Soil and Tillage Research, 2001
Traf®c on agricultural land, inappropriate tillage, and poor timing of ®eld operations cause subs... more Traf®c on agricultural land, inappropriate tillage, and poor timing of ®eld operations cause subsoil compaction, which decreases soil productivity and crop yields. A ®eld experiment was conducted during 1997±1998 and 1998±1999 on a sandy clay loam (®ne-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Haplargids, USDA; Luvic Yermosol, FAO) to study subsoil compaction effects on soil physical properties, and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Soil compaction was arti®cially created once at the start of the study. The 0.15 m top soil layer was manually removed with a spade. The exposed layer was compacted with a mechanical compactor to a bulk density of 1.93 Mg m À3. The topsoil was then again replaced above the compacted subsoil and levelled. Both compacted and control plots were hoed manually and levelled. This soil compaction treatment resulted in a 38% decrease in grain yield of wheat during 1997±1998 and 8% during 1998±1999. In contrast, straw yield decreased by up to 12% in 1997±1998 and was not affected in 1998±1999. The number of fertile tillers was signi®cantly lower during 1997±1998 in the compacted treatment than in control. However, plant height and 1000-grain weight were unaffected by compaction. In accord with bulk density, penetration resistance increased and total porosity and air-®lled porosity decreased signi®cantly due to subsoil compaction. Subsoil compaction reduced both the water and nutrient use ef®ciencies of wheat by about 38% in the ®rst year and 9% in the second year. Soil compaction also reduced fodder yield, and water and nutrient use ef®ciencies of sorghum by 22% in 1998 and 14% in 1999. After three crops, soil bulk density and penetration resistance decreased in the compacted zone, indicating the ameliorating effect of cropping on soil physical properties. The subsoil compaction effects on soil properties and yield, however, persisted for 2 years. Results showed that subsoil compaction adversely affected soil physical properties, which decreased yields as well as water and nutrient use ef®ciencies by crops. Therefore, appropriate measures such as periodic deep ploughing, controlled traf®c, conservation tillage, and incorporating of crops with deep tap root system in rotation cycle is necessary to minimize the risks of subsoil compaction.
Soil and Tillage Research, 2002
The effects of cropping systems and management practices on soil properties provide essential inf... more The effects of cropping systems and management practices on soil properties provide essential information for assessing sustainability and environmental impact. Tillage and fertilizer rates were evaluated for their effects on soil bulk density (BD), penetration resistance, soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration and availability of macronutrients on a sandy clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Haplargids, USDA; Luvic Yermosol, FAO) in a semi-arid region of Pakistan. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were double-cropped from 1996 to 1998. Tillage treatments were minimum till (MT), conventional till (CT), and deep till (DT). Low, medium and high fertilizer rates were applied to wheat and cotton. BD was affected neither by tillage nor fertilizer rates. Soil penetration resistance was lower for DT than CT and MT. Tillage methods affected soil P concentration but did not affect N and K concentrations. However, fertilizer application significantly increased soil P and K concentrations. Concentrations of N, P, K and SOC were greater in the plough layer than subsoil. Grain yield of wheat was significantly negatively correlated with penetration resistance and was positively correlated with soil P and K concentrations. Yield of cotton was significantly negatively correlated with soil BD. These data provide an experimental basis to re-evaluate recommendations for fertilizer rates and tillage methods for production of wheat and cotton in Punjab. Further, there is a strong need to establish long-term experiments to study agronomic and environmental effects of tillage methods, fertilizer rates, and cropping systems on productivity and environment quality.
Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 2003
ABSTRACT. Tillage methods and fertilizer application affect root de-velopment, and the yield and ... more ABSTRACT. Tillage methods and fertilizer application affect root de-velopment, and the yield and quality of crops. Effects of tillage and fer-tilizer rates on root length density (RLD) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and macronutrient content of ...
Journal of General Plant Pathology, 2011
Fifty wheat varieties along with Jupateco-73 and Morocco were studied for the expression of leaf ... more Fifty wheat varieties along with Jupateco-73 and Morocco were studied for the expression of leaf tip necrosis (LTN), a trait linked with the durable rust resistance gene pair Lr34/Yr18. LTN was frequent (i.e., C6) in nine replications of a field experiment over 3 years in 17 genotypes, and the varieties were considered positive for LTN. In molecular analyses of these varieties, having relative severity values up to 78 for yellow rust and 45 for leaf rust, the 150-bp Lr34/Yr18-linked allele was consistently amplified. Expression of LTN in six of nine replications is an appropriate threshold for predicting the presence of Lr34/Yr18 gene pair, and genotypes can be selected using this trait.
Experimental Agriculture, 2003
The residual effects of subsoil compaction (below 0.15 m depth) on soil properties, growth, yield... more The residual effects of subsoil compaction (below 0.15 m depth) on soil properties, growth, yields and nutrient uptake by irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum) and cotton (Gossipium hirsutum) are reported. The study was initiated during 1997 on a sandy clay loam soil in a semiarid region of Pakistan. Results showed that the adverse effects of subsoil compaction on bulk density, penetration resistance, total porosity and air-filled porosity of soil persisted for at least four years. In the third and fourth years after the imposition of treatments, compaction decreased yields of wheat by 12–18% and by 7% for cotton. The corresponding reductions in nutrient uptake by wheat were 11–16% for N, 11–15% for P and 5–10% for K. For cotton, the values were 9% for N, 3% for P and 7% for K. Subsoil compaction decreased nutrient use efficiency by 16% in wheat and 5% in cotton. The reductions in water use efficiency were estimated to be 11% in wheat and 7% in cotton. Wheat root length density was al...
Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2010
Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33:496517, 2010 Copyright C Taylor &amp;amp;amp; Francis Group, ... more Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33:496517, 2010 Copyright C Taylor &amp;amp;amp; Francis Group, LLC. ISSN: 0190-4167 print / 1532-4087 online DOI: 10.1080/01904160903506241 ... EVALUATION OF NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF PLANT SPECIES OF SOONE VALLEY IN PUNJAB, ...
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Papers by Muhammad Ibrahim