This project purposes to develop chitosan and sodium alginate-based hydrogel membranes loaded wit... more This project purposes to develop chitosan and sodium alginate-based hydrogel membranes loaded with curcumin through microwave-based physical cross-linking technique and its evaluation for wound healing potential. For the purpose, curcumin-loaded chitosan and sodium alginate membranes were developed using microwave at fixed frequency of 2450 MHz, power 350 W for 60 s, and tested for their physicochemical attributes like swelling, erosion, surface morphology, drug content, and in vitro drug release. The membranes were also subjected to tensile strength and vibrational and thermal analysis followed by testing in vivo on animals. The results indicated that microwave treatment significantly enhanced the swelling ability, reduced the erosion, and ensured smooth surface texture with optimal drug content. The drug was released in a slow fashion releasing total of 41 ± 4.2% within 24-h period with a higher tensile strength of 16.4 ± 5.3 Mpa. The vibrational analysis results revealed significant fluidization of hydrophilic domains and defluidization of hydrophobic domains which translated into a significant rise in the melting temperature and corresponding enthalpy which were found to be 285.2 ± 3.2°C and 4.89 ± 1.4 J/g. The in vivo testing revealed higher percent re-epithelialization (75 ± 2.3%) within 14 days of the treatment application in comparison to only gauze and other treatments applied, with higher extent of collagen deposition having well-defined epidermis and stratum corneum formation. The microwave-treated chitosan-sodium alginate hydrogel membranes loaded with curcumin may prove to be another alternative to treat skin injuries.
The objective of this study was to develop a gelatin-cyclodextrin hydrogel using glutaraldehyde a... more The objective of this study was to develop a gelatin-cyclodextrin hydrogel using glutaraldehyde as crosslinker containing Dexibuprofen, characterized by the mucoadhesive and controlled release of drug in the stomach and its in vitro characterization. All non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) cause peptic ulcer in chronic disease condition like rheumatoid arthritis. In conventional dosage form of NSAID's the drug is released at once with reduced duration of action. On other hands in hydrogels dosage form the drug is released slowly with prolongs the duration of action & minimal side effects. This also decreases the dosing frequency. Methods: Nine formulations were developed by varying the gelatincyclodextrin (Gel/CD) and glutaraldehyde. Swelling studies of hydrogels were performed at three different pH conditions (1.2, 6.5 and 7.4). The hydrogel samples were also analyzed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results: The developed hydrogel showed Maximal swelling and drug release at pH 1.2. The results also revealed the development of pH-dependent swelling and drug release pattern which advocates its feasibility to be used for site-specific, pH-dependent, and controlled drug release behavior. Conclusion: The developed hydrogels may prove to be a good plate-form for delivering drugs at a specific rate, at the specific site making the drug release pH responsive.
This study reports microwave assisted physically cross-linked sodium alginate and pectin film and... more This study reports microwave assisted physically cross-linked sodium alginate and pectin film and their testing in combination with modified chitosan-curcumin nanoparticles for skin tissue regeneration following 2nd degree burn wound. Film was formulated by solution casting method and physically cross-linked using microwave irradiation at frequency of 2450 MHz, power 750 Watt for different time intervals for optimization. The optimized formulation was analyzed for various physiochemical attributes. Afterwards, the optimized film and optimized modified chitosan-curcumin nanoparticles were tested in combination for skin regeneration potential following burn wound in vivo and skin samples extracted and tested for different attributes. The results indicated that the optimized film formulation (5 min microwave treatment) physicochemical attributes significantly enhanced addressing the properties required of a wound healing platform. The vibrational analysis indicated that the optimized film experienced significant rigidification of hydrophilic domains while the hydrophobic domains underwent significant fluidization which also resulted in significant increase in the transition temperatures and system enthalpies of both polymer moieties with microwave treatment. The combined film and nanoparticles application significantly increased protein content in the wounds which were evident from higher absorbance ratios of amide-I and amide-II (2.15 ± 0.001), significantly higher melting transition temperature and enthalpy (∆T = 167.2 ± 15.4 °C, ∆H = 510.7 ± 20.1 J/g) and higher tensile strength (14.65 ± 0.8 MPa) with significantly enhanced percent re-epithelization (99.9934 ± 2.56) in comparison to other treatments. The combined application of film and nanoparticles may prove to be a new novel treatment strategy for 2nd degree burn wound healing.
Physico-chemical based mechanistic insight into surfactant modulated sodium Carboxymethylcellulose film for skin tissue regeneration applications
Skin tissue regeneration scaffolds represent a promising field of research focused on formulation... more Skin tissue regeneration scaffolds represent a promising field of research focused on formulation and optimization of costeffective extracellular matrix based on natural polymers. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is one of the most widely studied and least expensive natural polymers for fabricating film formulations aiding in skin tissue regeneration process the following damage, but its hydrophilicity contributes to its failure to prevent loss of excessive moisture from wound, low adsorb-ability, less mechanical strength, and rapid erosion. This study aims to develop a surfactant modified sodium carboxymethylcellulose-based films addressing the needs for skin wound healing applications. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose films were developed with varying concentrations of tween 80 in the range of 0.05 to 0.5% w/w and subjected to various physicochemical characterization tests like adsorption, moisture uptake, erosion, water vapor transmission, and water vapor permeability rate, vibrational, thermal and morphological analysis. The results indicated that the formulation containing 0.3% w/w of tween 80 was able to form films with a significant-good adsorb-ability, reduced percent erosion and high tensile strength with the formation of "folds" in the film surface. The vibrational and thermal analysis revealed fluidization of hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic domains which was attributed to the development of new "bonding" between the polymer and surfactant and/or plasticizer moieties in the formulation which though didn't affect the transition temperature but significantly reduced the energy to induce transition which is envisaged to increase the elasticity of the film. This optimized combination of polymer and tween 80 may play an effective role in hastening skin regeneration process following damage. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose films with added 0.3% w/w tween 80 represent an ideal combination for the fabrication of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
Novel Curcumin-Encapsulated α-Tocopherol Nanoemulsion System and Its Potential Application for Wound Healing in Diabetic Animals
Objective. This project was aimed at formulating a novel nanoemulsion system and evaluating it fo... more Objective. This project was aimed at formulating a novel nanoemulsion system and evaluating it for open incision wound healing in diabetic animals. Methods. The nanoemulsions were characterized for droplet size and surface charge, drug content, antioxidant and antimicrobial profiling, and wound healing potential in diabetic animals. The skin samples excised were also analyzed for histology, mechanical strength, and vibrational and thermal analysis. Results. The optimized nanoemulsion (CR-NE-II) exhibited droplet size of26:76 ± 0:9 nm with negative surface charge (−10:86 ± 1:06 mV), was homogenously dispersed with drug content of68:05 ± 1:2%, released almost82:95 ± 2:2%of the drug within first 2 h of experiment with synergistic antioxidant (95 ± 2:1%) and synergistic antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial strains in comparison to blank nanoemulsion, and promoted significantly fast percent reepithelization (96.47%). The histological, vibrational, thermal, and strength analysis of selected skin samples depicted a uniform and even distribution of collagen fibers which translated into significant increase in strength of skin samples in comparison to the control group. Conclusions. The optimized nanoemulsion system significantly downregulated the oxidative stress, enhanced collagen deposition, and precluded bacterial contamination of wound, thus accelerating the skin tissue regeneration process.
This project purposes to develop chitosan and sodium alginate-based hydrogel membranes loaded wit... more This project purposes to develop chitosan and sodium alginate-based hydrogel membranes loaded with curcumin through microwave-based physical cross-linking technique and its evaluation for wound healing potential. For the purpose, curcumin-loaded chitosan and sodium alginate membranes were developed using microwave at fixed frequency of 2450 MHz, power 350 W for 60 s, and tested for their physicochemical attributes like swelling, erosion, surface morphology, drug content, and in vitro drug release. The membranes were also subjected to tensile strength and vibrational and thermal analysis followed by testing in vivo on animals. The results indicated that microwave treatment significantly enhanced the swelling ability, reduced the erosion, and ensured smooth surface texture with optimal drug content. The drug was released in a slow fashion releasing total of 41 ± 4.2% within 24-h period with a higher tensile strength of 16.4 ± 5.3 Mpa. The vibrational analysis results revealed significant fluidization of hydrophilic domains and defluidization of hydrophobic domains which translated into a significant rise in the melting temperature and corresponding enthalpy which were found to be 285.2 ± 3.2°C and 4.89 ± 1.4 J/g. The in vivo testing revealed higher percent re-epithelialization (75 ± 2.3%) within 14 days of the treatment application in comparison to only gauze and other treatments applied, with higher extent of collagen deposition having well-defined epidermis and stratum corneum formation. The microwave-treated chitosan-sodium alginate hydrogel membranes loaded with curcumin may prove to be another alternative to treat skin injuries.
The objective of this study was to develop a gelatin-cyclodextrin hydrogel using glutaraldehyde a... more The objective of this study was to develop a gelatin-cyclodextrin hydrogel using glutaraldehyde as crosslinker containing Dexibuprofen, characterized by the mucoadhesive and controlled release of drug in the stomach and its in vitro characterization. All non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) cause peptic ulcer in chronic disease condition like rheumatoid arthritis. In conventional dosage form of NSAID's the drug is released at once with reduced duration of action. On other hands in hydrogels dosage form the drug is released slowly with prolongs the duration of action & minimal side effects. This also decreases the dosing frequency. Methods: Nine formulations were developed by varying the gelatincyclodextrin (Gel/CD) and glutaraldehyde. Swelling studies of hydrogels were performed at three different pH conditions (1.2, 6.5 and 7.4). The hydrogel samples were also analyzed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results: The developed hydrogel showed Maximal swelling and drug release at pH 1.2. The results also revealed the development of pH-dependent swelling and drug release pattern which advocates its feasibility to be used for site-specific, pH-dependent, and controlled drug release behavior. Conclusion: The developed hydrogels may prove to be a good plate-form for delivering drugs at a specific rate, at the specific site making the drug release pH responsive.
This study reports microwave assisted physically cross-linked sodium alginate and pectin film and... more This study reports microwave assisted physically cross-linked sodium alginate and pectin film and their testing in combination with modified chitosan-curcumin nanoparticles for skin tissue regeneration following 2nd degree burn wound. Film was formulated by solution casting method and physically cross-linked using microwave irradiation at frequency of 2450 MHz, power 750 Watt for different time intervals for optimization. The optimized formulation was analyzed for various physiochemical attributes. Afterwards, the optimized film and optimized modified chitosan-curcumin nanoparticles were tested in combination for skin regeneration potential following burn wound in vivo and skin samples extracted and tested for different attributes. The results indicated that the optimized film formulation (5 min microwave treatment) physicochemical attributes significantly enhanced addressing the properties required of a wound healing platform. The vibrational analysis indicated that the optimized film experienced significant rigidification of hydrophilic domains while the hydrophobic domains underwent significant fluidization which also resulted in significant increase in the transition temperatures and system enthalpies of both polymer moieties with microwave treatment. The combined film and nanoparticles application significantly increased protein content in the wounds which were evident from higher absorbance ratios of amide-I and amide-II (2.15 ± 0.001), significantly higher melting transition temperature and enthalpy (∆T = 167.2 ± 15.4 °C, ∆H = 510.7 ± 20.1 J/g) and higher tensile strength (14.65 ± 0.8 MPa) with significantly enhanced percent re-epithelization (99.9934 ± 2.56) in comparison to other treatments. The combined application of film and nanoparticles may prove to be a new novel treatment strategy for 2nd degree burn wound healing.
Physico-chemical based mechanistic insight into surfactant modulated sodium Carboxymethylcellulose film for skin tissue regeneration applications
Skin tissue regeneration scaffolds represent a promising field of research focused on formulation... more Skin tissue regeneration scaffolds represent a promising field of research focused on formulation and optimization of costeffective extracellular matrix based on natural polymers. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is one of the most widely studied and least expensive natural polymers for fabricating film formulations aiding in skin tissue regeneration process the following damage, but its hydrophilicity contributes to its failure to prevent loss of excessive moisture from wound, low adsorb-ability, less mechanical strength, and rapid erosion. This study aims to develop a surfactant modified sodium carboxymethylcellulose-based films addressing the needs for skin wound healing applications. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose films were developed with varying concentrations of tween 80 in the range of 0.05 to 0.5% w/w and subjected to various physicochemical characterization tests like adsorption, moisture uptake, erosion, water vapor transmission, and water vapor permeability rate, vibrational, thermal and morphological analysis. The results indicated that the formulation containing 0.3% w/w of tween 80 was able to form films with a significant-good adsorb-ability, reduced percent erosion and high tensile strength with the formation of "folds" in the film surface. The vibrational and thermal analysis revealed fluidization of hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic domains which was attributed to the development of new "bonding" between the polymer and surfactant and/or plasticizer moieties in the formulation which though didn't affect the transition temperature but significantly reduced the energy to induce transition which is envisaged to increase the elasticity of the film. This optimized combination of polymer and tween 80 may play an effective role in hastening skin regeneration process following damage. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose films with added 0.3% w/w tween 80 represent an ideal combination for the fabrication of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
Novel Curcumin-Encapsulated α-Tocopherol Nanoemulsion System and Its Potential Application for Wound Healing in Diabetic Animals
Objective. This project was aimed at formulating a novel nanoemulsion system and evaluating it fo... more Objective. This project was aimed at formulating a novel nanoemulsion system and evaluating it for open incision wound healing in diabetic animals. Methods. The nanoemulsions were characterized for droplet size and surface charge, drug content, antioxidant and antimicrobial profiling, and wound healing potential in diabetic animals. The skin samples excised were also analyzed for histology, mechanical strength, and vibrational and thermal analysis. Results. The optimized nanoemulsion (CR-NE-II) exhibited droplet size of26:76 ± 0:9 nm with negative surface charge (−10:86 ± 1:06 mV), was homogenously dispersed with drug content of68:05 ± 1:2%, released almost82:95 ± 2:2%of the drug within first 2 h of experiment with synergistic antioxidant (95 ± 2:1%) and synergistic antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial strains in comparison to blank nanoemulsion, and promoted significantly fast percent reepithelization (96.47%). The histological, vibrational, thermal, and strength analysis of selected skin samples depicted a uniform and even distribution of collagen fibers which translated into significant increase in strength of skin samples in comparison to the control group. Conclusions. The optimized nanoemulsion system significantly downregulated the oxidative stress, enhanced collagen deposition, and precluded bacterial contamination of wound, thus accelerating the skin tissue regeneration process.
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