Papers by Mr. Nasar Equbal
Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2019
The selection as working fluid of the optimal commercial oil to be used as lubricant in a carbon ... more The selection as working fluid of the optimal commercial oil to be used as lubricant in a carbon dioxide (CO2) refrigeration system is not yet solved, although POE and PAG oils give acceptable results. The oil structure and the thermodynamic activity of the oil refrigerant mixture allow for proper lubricant selection. Then at our laboratory, a comprehensive analysis on the solubility of CO2 in certain industrial POE oils and their precursors is ongoing, and several tests have been carried out so far. Application of the CO2 as a refrigerant in air conditioning of vehicle requires development of an applicable lubricant for quick rotation of the compressor. Phase behaviour of the different lubricants that is synthetic in nature, when comes in contact with CO2 forms a basis for developing a carbon-dioxide cooling circuit. Moreover, the influence of carbon-dioxide on the viscosity of oil is crucial for evaluation of the lubricant. These evaluated data of binary mixtures have been calculated and measured at temperatures ranging between 5°C and 100°C under a pressure up to 150 bars. The phase behaviour is qualitatively observed which takes place in the high-pressure view cell and complete content of the high-pressure view cell is monitored. The phase of equilibrium has been measured in an autoclave based static-analytical method. Lubricant's viscosity which is saturated with carbon-dioxide has been calculated and measured with the integrated quartz viscometer. Carbon-dioxide with the phase behaviour of oils can be sub grouped into three different systems: systems with open miscibility gaps, binary systems with closed miscibility gaps, and the systems that show a barotropic phenomenon. Oils which show barotropic phenomenon coming in contact with compressed CO2 are not advisable and are not used as lubricants, but the oils with limited or completed miscibility with the carbon-dioxide may be used as lubricants. The awareness of phase behaviour and resulting viscosity of a gas-saturated lubricant allow an individual for evaluation of the applicability of lubricants in the car climatization systems. An analysis on the solubility of CO2 in industrial POE lubricants with specific ISO normal viscosity is described here on the basis of measurements conducted at 283 K and 343 K temperatures. In view of the development of thermodynamic models able to predict the properties of the oil refrigerant mixture, the results are discussed and compared with the solubility of precursors.
Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, May 1, 2019
Biofuel is considered one of the most promising alternative fuels to petrol fuels (biodiesel, bio... more Biofuel is considered one of the most promising alternative fuels to petrol fuels (biodiesel, bioethanol). The objective of the work is to study the characteristics of the distribution of particle size, the reaction characteristics of nanoparticles on the catalyst and the characteristics of exhaust emissions when the diesel engine is operating on biofuelblended diesel fuels using a common rail direct injection (CRDI). In this analysis, an ECE (Economic Commission Europe) R49 test and a European Stationary Cycle (ESC) test examined the engine output, emission characteristics and particle size distribution of a CRDI diesel engine that was fitted with a warm-up catalytic converter (WCC) or catalyzed particulate filter (CPF). Under a biofuel-blended diesel fuel, the engine output was close to that under D100 fuel, and the high fuel consumption was due to the decreased calorific value resulting from biofuel mixing. The use of a biodiesel-diesel blend fuel decreased the overall emissions of hydrocarbons (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) but increased emissions of nitrogen oxide (NOx) due to the increased fuel oxygen content.
Global Sci-Tech, 2016
As the global warming is increasing human comfortable temperature is going away. For human comfor... more As the global warming is increasing human comfortable temperature is going away. For human comfort, temperature is 25°C and relative humidity is 55% should be maintain for maintaining qualities of air, fresh air is supplied and extract heat from system and expelled it to the surrounding. In case of dealing with large amount of heat most probably centralized air-condition is used. To circulating and conditioning (Humidity, Temperature and filtration) the air, Air Handling Unit is used. In this article we are discussing about the air-handling unit
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Papers by Mr. Nasar Equbal