Single-cross pearl millet hybrids are widely grown in India, but this cultivar type has not been ... more Single-cross pearl millet hybrids are widely grown in India, but this cultivar type has not been adopted in Africa. Hybrids from India have proven to be highly susceptible to downy mildew disease in Africa, the continent where the disease originated. We investigated an alternative strategy of growing topcross hybrids where both the parents are of African origin and both are only partially inbred. We investigated root characteristics – length, diameter, area, volume and dry weight – under drought stress and well-watered controlled conditions in genotypes that included potential parents of topcross hybrids. Several, including population Civarex 06_05, had better developed roots under drought while also having good roots under more favourable conditions. Some of these genotypes were backrossed to a male-sterile line based on the A4 cytoplasm to produce male-sterile populations with stable male sterility. Civarex 06_05 had good combining ability when used as a female parent and produced...
Context and Purpose In a context of recent introduction of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ti... more Context and Purpose In a context of recent introduction of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick species in West Africa, the purpose of the authors is to estimate incidence density of cattle babesiosis either caused by Babesia bigemina or Babesia bovis, and cattle anaplasmosis. Incidence density represents how quickly a disease or a condition is occurring amongst a group of individuals at risk. Methods The longitudinal and prospective study design took place in south, centre, east, west and north of Côte d’Ivoire. Cattle have been followed for 12 months. At the end of each month, each animal has been RT-PCR tested for new infection by Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, and PCR–RFLP tested for new infection by Anaplasma marginale. Results Findings show for the study area that incidence densities of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale infections in Côte d’Ivoire are, respectively, 15.3 new infections [95% CI 13.1–17.88] per 100 cattle, 32.2 new infections [95% CI ...
Fascioliasis, caused by an infection with liver flukes of the genus Fasciola, is an important dis... more Fascioliasis, caused by an infection with liver flukes of the genus Fasciola, is an important disease of livestock in most parts of the world. However, little is known about the distribution of fascioliasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We report results of a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014 in the district des Savanes in the northern part of Côte d’Ivoire. We obtained 275 livers from bovine suspected with fascioliasis and 51 unsuspected livers from 24 slaughterhouses. Livers were dissected using a standard operating procedure and all Fasciola gigantica flukes were removed from the tissues of the liver and the biliary ducts. We found F. gigantica in 125 livers from bovines suspected with fascioliasis (45.5%) in 10 departments of the district des Savanes. Among the unsuspected livers, five were positive for F. gigantica (9.8%). The distribution of fascioliasis showed considerable spatial heterogeneity, both at regional (ranging from 18.0% to 52.3%) and departmental level (ranging fro...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) dissemination occurred from December 2019 and quickly spread ... more Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) dissemination occurred from December 2019 and quickly spread to all countries. Infected patients with COVID-19 have had a wide range of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe illness. The most mortality was observed in patients with underlying disease and over 45 years. World statistics have shown that the COVID-19 outbreak is most expanded in Middle Eastern, West Asian, European, North, and South American countries, and is least expanded in African countries. Therefore, the aim of the paper was the evaluation of six African countries including Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Guinea, Togo, and Djibouti to find why this disease is least expanded in African countries. Study was conducted by Questioner for countries health organizers to define their different aspect exposure and fight with COVID-19 including epidemiology, clinical aspects of the disease, case definitions, diagnosis laboratory confirmation, and referral of cases by the portal of entry, case m...
Rabies is endemic in Côte d'Ivoire and was identified in January 2017 as a priority zoonosis by a... more Rabies is endemic in Côte d'Ivoire and was identified in January 2017 as a priority zoonosis by all stakeholders in public health. A well-designed integrated national rabies control is essential to attain the objective of zero human deaths from dog rabies by 2030. The current study describes the complementary elements of dog bite risk factors and the dog population estimate that are relevant for planning sustainable interventions. We conducted a transverse survey in 8′004 households in the departments of San Pedro (4′002) and Bouaké (4′002), covering both rural and urban areas. The doghousehold ratio was estimated at one dog for three households (0.33) or one dog for 20 people (0.05). The owned canine population on a national level was estimated at 1′400'654 dogs (range 1′276'331 to 1′535'681). The main dog bite risk factors were dog ownership, being male, and living in urban San Pedro Department. The results lay a foundation for public engagement and further steps for mass vaccination of the household dog population to reach vaccination coverage of at least 80%. Stakeholders further recommend raising awareness of dog owners, reinforcing knowledge in school children and young boys, and behavior changes towards domestic animals.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2019
Dans la plupart des pays africains, le manioc constitue une source d'énergie accessible et beauco... more Dans la plupart des pays africains, le manioc constitue une source d'énergie accessible et beaucoup consommé frais ou sous forme de mets confectionnés. L'objectif de cette étude est de contribuer à l'amélioration de la qualité sanitaire des aliments de grande consommation comme le manioc en Côte d'Ivoire. Ainsi, 52 souches de Bacillus isolés à partir d'échantillons de manioc frais ont été caractérisées à l'aide des techniques combinées d'identification morphologiques et biochimiques. Sur la base des critères morphologiques et biochimiques, les souches suspectées ont été réparties en espèces de Bacillus cereus (55,8%), Bacillus brevis (17,3%), Bacillus subtilis (13,5%), Bacillus coagulans (9,6%) et Bacillus spp (3,8%). La prédominance de Bacillus cereus interpelle, car cette espèce est souvent impliquée dans les cas de toxiinfections alimentaires. Toutefois, les espèces comme Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis et Bacillus brevis offrent des prestations assez intéressantes: Bacillus subtilis représente un moyen de lutte biologique contre les maladies fongiques des plantes et est utilisé comme starter dans la production de plusieurs aliments condiments africains, Bacillus coagulans est un véritable probiotique, Bacillus brevis produit un antibiotique, la thyrothricine qui soulage les maux de gorge.
Background: Abdominal pregnancy is defined as the partial or total insertion of the embryo into t... more Background: Abdominal pregnancy is defined as the partial or total insertion of the embryo into the abdominal cavity. It is rare, and can evolve towards the full term if it is not recognized in the early pregnancy. It carries a high risk of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. Case presentation: We report a case of a 22 year-old gravida IV, para II with an asymptomatic and undiagnosed abdominal pregnancy presumed full term, in a context of health centers under-equipment. She had attended 5 routine antenatal care, but had not performed any ultrasound scan. She had been transferred from a medical center to the Hospital of Ouahigouya (Burkina Faso) for bowel sub-obstruction and intrauterine fetal death, with failure of labor induction. On admission, the hypothesis of uterine rupture or abdominal pregnancy with antepartum fetal demise was considered. A laparotomy was then performed, where an abdominal pregnancy was discovered, and a dead term baby weighing 3300 g delivered. The placenta which was implanted into the ruptured isthmus of the left fallopian tube was removed by salpingectomy. Postoperative follow-up was uneventful. Conclusion: This case report exposes the necessity for the practitioner to think about the possibility of abdominal pregnancy in his clinical and sonographic practice, irrespective of the gestational age, mainly in contexts where there is under-equipment of the health centers.
Brucellosis is one of the most widespread bacterial zoonotic diseases in the world, affecting bot... more Brucellosis is one of the most widespread bacterial zoonotic diseases in the world, affecting both humans and domestic and wild animals. Identification and biotyping of field strains of Brucella are of key importance for a better knowledge of the epidemiology of brucellosis, for identifying appropriate antigens, for managing disease outbreaks and for setting up efficient preventive and control programmes. Such data are required both at national and regional level to assess potential threats for public health. Highly discriminative genotyping methods such as the multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) allow the comparison and assessment of genetic relatedness between field strains of Brucella within the same geographical area. In this study, MLVA biotyping data retrieved from the literature using a systematic review were compared using a clustering analysis and the Hunter-Gaston diversity index (HGDI). Thus, the analysis of the 42 MLVA genotyping results found in the literature on West Africa [i.e., from Ivory Coast (1), Niger (1), Nigeria (34), The Gambia (3), and Togo (3)] did not allow a complete assessment of the actual diversity among field strains of Brucella. However, it provided some preliminary indications on the coexistence of 25 distinct genotypes of Brucella abortus biovar 3 in this region with 19 genotypes from Nigeria, three from Togo and one from Ivory Coast, The Gambia, and Niger. The strong and urgent need for more sustainable molecular data on prevailing strains of Brucella in this sub-region of Africa and also on all susceptible species including humans is therefore highlighted. This remains a necessary stage to allow a comprehensive understanding of the relatedness between field strains of Brucella and the epidemiology of brucellosis within West Africa countries.
Resume Objectif Evaluer la qualite de la prescription des medicaments essentiels generiques dans ... more Resume Objectif Evaluer la qualite de la prescription des medicaments essentiels generiques dans un centre de sante reference du Mali. Materiel et methode Il s’agit d’une etude transversale et descriptive qui s’est deroulee de mars 2008 a decembre 2008. L’echantillon etait constitue de 300 ordonnances delivrees lors des consultations externes. Les parametres etudies ont ete les motifs de consultation, les diagnostics retenus, les medicaments prescrits, les renseignements sur la formation des prescripteurs, les normes et le schema therapeutique. Resultats Sur les 300 ordonnances prescrites, il y avait 1036 medicaments. Le groupe pharmacologique le plus prescrit etait les anti-infectieux, suivi respectivement des antalgiques antipyretiques et des antipaludiques. Le nombre moyen de medicaments par ordonnance etait de 3,4. La majeure partie des medicaments etait prescrite en generique soit dans 70,27 % des cas, 192 ordonnances, soit 64 % des ordonnances etaient prescrites par les medecins. Le nombre moyen de medicaments de marque par ordonnance etait 1,03. Le pourcentage d’ordonnance qui contenait au moins un medicament de marque etait de 62,33 %. Environ 57,9 % des prescripteurs avaient cite l’efficacite comme le facteur qui influence plus le choix d’un medicament, suivi du cout avec 31,6 % et de la disponibilite avec 10,5 %. Le cout moyen de l’ordonnance etait de 4400 FCFA (soit environ sept euros). Conclusion Les medicament de marque continuent a etre largement prescrits dans la commune rurale de San. Nous recommandons une prescription exclusive des medicaments essentiels en DCI et un recyclage des prescripteurs.
École pratique des hautes études, Section des sciences religieuses, 1999
Sanogo Moussa. Le système des classes d'âge et l'organisation des rituels dans la société... more Sanogo Moussa. Le système des classes d'âge et l'organisation des rituels dans la société initiatique du Koma. In: École pratique des hautes études, Section des sciences religieuses. Annuaire. Tome 108, 1999-2000. 1999. pp. 451-455
École pratique des hautes études, Section des sciences religieuses, 1981
Sanogo Moussa. Les rites funéraires en pays Worodougou (région de Séguéla) . In: École pratique d... more Sanogo Moussa. Les rites funéraires en pays Worodougou (région de Séguéla) . In: École pratique des hautes études, Section des sciences religieuses. Annuaire. Tome 90, 1981-1982. 1981. pp. 487-489
Bovine brucellosis is an endemic infectious disease which can impact cattle productivity and welf... more Bovine brucellosis is an endemic infectious disease which can impact cattle productivity and welfare negatively, as well as human health. Sufficient knowledge on its epidemiology, particularly on species and biotypes of Brucella at national and/or regional scale are important to set up and implement efficient control measures against brucellosis in a "One health" perspective. The main objective of this review was to investigate available literature on strains of Brucella in order to provide a state of art-knowledge on species and biovars reported in cattle from West Africa. A literature search was conducted to identify relevant data on species and biovars of Brucella in cattle from Western African countries. This search included studies presenting bacteriological and/or molecular results of identification and typing, relied on international classification methods with no time limit and no language restrictions. Studies reporting results of identification at genus level only were not considered for this review. This review revealed that Brucella abortus was the most prevalent species in cattle from West Africa, in line with host preference for Brucellae. So far, biovars 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and intermediate biovar 3/6 of B. abortus were reported in cattle in the region. Among these strains, biovars 3, recently identified in The Gambia and Ivory Coast, was the most commonly isolated. Brucella melitensis and/or B. suis have not been mentioned yet in cattle in this part of Africa. The public health significance of prevailing strains is discussed and a regional collaborative control program of brucellosis is suggested.
Serological results obtained from 907 serum samples collected from unvaccinated cattle of at leas... more Serological results obtained from 907 serum samples collected from unvaccinated cattle of at least 6 months of age in the savannah-forest region of Ivory Coast were used to investigate risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis seropositivity. Serum samples were tested using the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Using a parallel interpretation, RBT and iELISA results showed that 10.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.4, 12.4) of the cattle had antibodies against Brucella in our study area. The logistic regression analysis indicated that brucellosis seropositivity was associated with age and herd size. Cattle above 5 years of age were found to have a higher chance of being seropositive (odd ratio (OR) = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.3, 6.4) compared to cattle under 3 years of age. Similarly, the odd of brucellosis seropositivity for herds with more than 100 cattle was 3.3 (95% CI: 1.2, 8.9) times higher compared to those with less than 50 cattle.
Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. is a persistent threat to pearl millet [Cenchrus americanus (L.)... more Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. is a persistent threat to pearl millet [Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone, comb. nov.] production, especially in West Africa. This study aimed at evaluating the response of a diversified pearl millet genepool to five cycles of recurrent selection targeting Striga resistance and panicle yield, and to a lesser extent downy mildew [Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) J. Schroet.] resistance. Two-hundred full-sib families (FS) representing the C 5 selection cycle were evaluated together with the genepool parental landraces, experimental varieties derived from previous cycles and local checks in Striga-infested fields at Sadoré (Niger) and Cinzana (Mali). Substantial and mostly significant selection progress could be documented. The accumulated percentage gain from selection amounted to 51%/1% lower Striga infestation (measured by area under Striga number progress curve, ASNPC), 46%/62% lower downy mildew incidence, and 49%/31% higher panicle yield of the C 5-FS compared to the mean of the genepool parents at Sadoré/Cinzana, respectively. Experimental varieties selected from previous cycles also revealed lower ASNPC and mostly higher yield compared to genepool parents at their selection sites. Significant genetic variation among the C 5-FS and operative heritabilities of 76% (Cinzana), 84% (Sadoré) and 34% (combined across locations) for ASNPC will enable continued selection gain for Striga resistance. High genotype × environment interaction variances for all target traits suggest that different experimental varieties need to be extracted from the genepool for different sites. The genepool-derived varieties will be further validated on-farm and are expected to contribute to integrated Striga control in pearl millet in West Africa.
Serology is the most convenient method for detecting brucellosis but the efficient use of such te... more Serology is the most convenient method for detecting brucellosis but the efficient use of such tests in disease control requires evaluation of diagnostic performance and discriminative ability. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and an indirect ELISA (iELISA) in diagnosing brucellosis in 995 serum samples collected from cattle in the Ivory Coast between 2005 and 2009. A Bayesian approach was used to evaluate the two tests by estimating their sensitivities and specificities. The correlation-adjusted sensitivity of the iELISA was estimated to be 96.1% (credibility interval [CrI], 92.7-99.8), whereas that of the RBT was 54.9% (CrI, 23.5-95.1). High correlation-adjusted specificities were found for both tests (95.0%; [CrI, 91.1-99.6] for the iELISA and 97.7%; [CrI, 95.3-99.4] for the RBT, respectively). The true prevalence of brucellosis was estimated from the serum samples to be 4.6% (95%; [CrI, 0.6-9.5]). The level of agreement between the two tests was evaluated using indices of agreement (n = 995). Good agreement was found for negative results (96.6%; confidence interval [CI], 95.7-97.4), a finding supported by an estimated significant correlation of 0.37 (95%; CI, 0.01-0.73) within the sera testing negative. Agreement was lower for sera testing positive (52.2% CI: 41.9-62.5). The findings highlight the importance of using these two tests in combination as part of any brucellosis control programme.
Single-cross pearl millet hybrids are widely grown in India, but this cultivar type has not been ... more Single-cross pearl millet hybrids are widely grown in India, but this cultivar type has not been adopted in Africa. Hybrids from India have proven to be highly susceptible to downy mildew disease in Africa, the continent where the disease originated. We investigated an alternative strategy of growing topcross hybrids where both the parents are of African origin and both are only partially inbred. We investigated root characteristics – length, diameter, area, volume and dry weight – under drought stress and well-watered controlled conditions in genotypes that included potential parents of topcross hybrids. Several, including population Civarex 06_05, had better developed roots under drought while also having good roots under more favourable conditions. Some of these genotypes were backrossed to a male-sterile line based on the A4 cytoplasm to produce male-sterile populations with stable male sterility. Civarex 06_05 had good combining ability when used as a female parent and produced...
Context and Purpose In a context of recent introduction of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ti... more Context and Purpose In a context of recent introduction of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick species in West Africa, the purpose of the authors is to estimate incidence density of cattle babesiosis either caused by Babesia bigemina or Babesia bovis, and cattle anaplasmosis. Incidence density represents how quickly a disease or a condition is occurring amongst a group of individuals at risk. Methods The longitudinal and prospective study design took place in south, centre, east, west and north of Côte d’Ivoire. Cattle have been followed for 12 months. At the end of each month, each animal has been RT-PCR tested for new infection by Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, and PCR–RFLP tested for new infection by Anaplasma marginale. Results Findings show for the study area that incidence densities of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale infections in Côte d’Ivoire are, respectively, 15.3 new infections [95% CI 13.1–17.88] per 100 cattle, 32.2 new infections [95% CI ...
Fascioliasis, caused by an infection with liver flukes of the genus Fasciola, is an important dis... more Fascioliasis, caused by an infection with liver flukes of the genus Fasciola, is an important disease of livestock in most parts of the world. However, little is known about the distribution of fascioliasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We report results of a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014 in the district des Savanes in the northern part of Côte d’Ivoire. We obtained 275 livers from bovine suspected with fascioliasis and 51 unsuspected livers from 24 slaughterhouses. Livers were dissected using a standard operating procedure and all Fasciola gigantica flukes were removed from the tissues of the liver and the biliary ducts. We found F. gigantica in 125 livers from bovines suspected with fascioliasis (45.5%) in 10 departments of the district des Savanes. Among the unsuspected livers, five were positive for F. gigantica (9.8%). The distribution of fascioliasis showed considerable spatial heterogeneity, both at regional (ranging from 18.0% to 52.3%) and departmental level (ranging fro...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) dissemination occurred from December 2019 and quickly spread ... more Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) dissemination occurred from December 2019 and quickly spread to all countries. Infected patients with COVID-19 have had a wide range of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe illness. The most mortality was observed in patients with underlying disease and over 45 years. World statistics have shown that the COVID-19 outbreak is most expanded in Middle Eastern, West Asian, European, North, and South American countries, and is least expanded in African countries. Therefore, the aim of the paper was the evaluation of six African countries including Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Guinea, Togo, and Djibouti to find why this disease is least expanded in African countries. Study was conducted by Questioner for countries health organizers to define their different aspect exposure and fight with COVID-19 including epidemiology, clinical aspects of the disease, case definitions, diagnosis laboratory confirmation, and referral of cases by the portal of entry, case m...
Rabies is endemic in Côte d'Ivoire and was identified in January 2017 as a priority zoonosis by a... more Rabies is endemic in Côte d'Ivoire and was identified in January 2017 as a priority zoonosis by all stakeholders in public health. A well-designed integrated national rabies control is essential to attain the objective of zero human deaths from dog rabies by 2030. The current study describes the complementary elements of dog bite risk factors and the dog population estimate that are relevant for planning sustainable interventions. We conducted a transverse survey in 8′004 households in the departments of San Pedro (4′002) and Bouaké (4′002), covering both rural and urban areas. The doghousehold ratio was estimated at one dog for three households (0.33) or one dog for 20 people (0.05). The owned canine population on a national level was estimated at 1′400'654 dogs (range 1′276'331 to 1′535'681). The main dog bite risk factors were dog ownership, being male, and living in urban San Pedro Department. The results lay a foundation for public engagement and further steps for mass vaccination of the household dog population to reach vaccination coverage of at least 80%. Stakeholders further recommend raising awareness of dog owners, reinforcing knowledge in school children and young boys, and behavior changes towards domestic animals.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2019
Dans la plupart des pays africains, le manioc constitue une source d'énergie accessible et beauco... more Dans la plupart des pays africains, le manioc constitue une source d'énergie accessible et beaucoup consommé frais ou sous forme de mets confectionnés. L'objectif de cette étude est de contribuer à l'amélioration de la qualité sanitaire des aliments de grande consommation comme le manioc en Côte d'Ivoire. Ainsi, 52 souches de Bacillus isolés à partir d'échantillons de manioc frais ont été caractérisées à l'aide des techniques combinées d'identification morphologiques et biochimiques. Sur la base des critères morphologiques et biochimiques, les souches suspectées ont été réparties en espèces de Bacillus cereus (55,8%), Bacillus brevis (17,3%), Bacillus subtilis (13,5%), Bacillus coagulans (9,6%) et Bacillus spp (3,8%). La prédominance de Bacillus cereus interpelle, car cette espèce est souvent impliquée dans les cas de toxiinfections alimentaires. Toutefois, les espèces comme Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis et Bacillus brevis offrent des prestations assez intéressantes: Bacillus subtilis représente un moyen de lutte biologique contre les maladies fongiques des plantes et est utilisé comme starter dans la production de plusieurs aliments condiments africains, Bacillus coagulans est un véritable probiotique, Bacillus brevis produit un antibiotique, la thyrothricine qui soulage les maux de gorge.
Background: Abdominal pregnancy is defined as the partial or total insertion of the embryo into t... more Background: Abdominal pregnancy is defined as the partial or total insertion of the embryo into the abdominal cavity. It is rare, and can evolve towards the full term if it is not recognized in the early pregnancy. It carries a high risk of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. Case presentation: We report a case of a 22 year-old gravida IV, para II with an asymptomatic and undiagnosed abdominal pregnancy presumed full term, in a context of health centers under-equipment. She had attended 5 routine antenatal care, but had not performed any ultrasound scan. She had been transferred from a medical center to the Hospital of Ouahigouya (Burkina Faso) for bowel sub-obstruction and intrauterine fetal death, with failure of labor induction. On admission, the hypothesis of uterine rupture or abdominal pregnancy with antepartum fetal demise was considered. A laparotomy was then performed, where an abdominal pregnancy was discovered, and a dead term baby weighing 3300 g delivered. The placenta which was implanted into the ruptured isthmus of the left fallopian tube was removed by salpingectomy. Postoperative follow-up was uneventful. Conclusion: This case report exposes the necessity for the practitioner to think about the possibility of abdominal pregnancy in his clinical and sonographic practice, irrespective of the gestational age, mainly in contexts where there is under-equipment of the health centers.
Brucellosis is one of the most widespread bacterial zoonotic diseases in the world, affecting bot... more Brucellosis is one of the most widespread bacterial zoonotic diseases in the world, affecting both humans and domestic and wild animals. Identification and biotyping of field strains of Brucella are of key importance for a better knowledge of the epidemiology of brucellosis, for identifying appropriate antigens, for managing disease outbreaks and for setting up efficient preventive and control programmes. Such data are required both at national and regional level to assess potential threats for public health. Highly discriminative genotyping methods such as the multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) allow the comparison and assessment of genetic relatedness between field strains of Brucella within the same geographical area. In this study, MLVA biotyping data retrieved from the literature using a systematic review were compared using a clustering analysis and the Hunter-Gaston diversity index (HGDI). Thus, the analysis of the 42 MLVA genotyping results found in the literature on West Africa [i.e., from Ivory Coast (1), Niger (1), Nigeria (34), The Gambia (3), and Togo (3)] did not allow a complete assessment of the actual diversity among field strains of Brucella. However, it provided some preliminary indications on the coexistence of 25 distinct genotypes of Brucella abortus biovar 3 in this region with 19 genotypes from Nigeria, three from Togo and one from Ivory Coast, The Gambia, and Niger. The strong and urgent need for more sustainable molecular data on prevailing strains of Brucella in this sub-region of Africa and also on all susceptible species including humans is therefore highlighted. This remains a necessary stage to allow a comprehensive understanding of the relatedness between field strains of Brucella and the epidemiology of brucellosis within West Africa countries.
Resume Objectif Evaluer la qualite de la prescription des medicaments essentiels generiques dans ... more Resume Objectif Evaluer la qualite de la prescription des medicaments essentiels generiques dans un centre de sante reference du Mali. Materiel et methode Il s’agit d’une etude transversale et descriptive qui s’est deroulee de mars 2008 a decembre 2008. L’echantillon etait constitue de 300 ordonnances delivrees lors des consultations externes. Les parametres etudies ont ete les motifs de consultation, les diagnostics retenus, les medicaments prescrits, les renseignements sur la formation des prescripteurs, les normes et le schema therapeutique. Resultats Sur les 300 ordonnances prescrites, il y avait 1036 medicaments. Le groupe pharmacologique le plus prescrit etait les anti-infectieux, suivi respectivement des antalgiques antipyretiques et des antipaludiques. Le nombre moyen de medicaments par ordonnance etait de 3,4. La majeure partie des medicaments etait prescrite en generique soit dans 70,27 % des cas, 192 ordonnances, soit 64 % des ordonnances etaient prescrites par les medecins. Le nombre moyen de medicaments de marque par ordonnance etait 1,03. Le pourcentage d’ordonnance qui contenait au moins un medicament de marque etait de 62,33 %. Environ 57,9 % des prescripteurs avaient cite l’efficacite comme le facteur qui influence plus le choix d’un medicament, suivi du cout avec 31,6 % et de la disponibilite avec 10,5 %. Le cout moyen de l’ordonnance etait de 4400 FCFA (soit environ sept euros). Conclusion Les medicament de marque continuent a etre largement prescrits dans la commune rurale de San. Nous recommandons une prescription exclusive des medicaments essentiels en DCI et un recyclage des prescripteurs.
École pratique des hautes études, Section des sciences religieuses, 1999
Sanogo Moussa. Le système des classes d'âge et l'organisation des rituels dans la société... more Sanogo Moussa. Le système des classes d'âge et l'organisation des rituels dans la société initiatique du Koma. In: École pratique des hautes études, Section des sciences religieuses. Annuaire. Tome 108, 1999-2000. 1999. pp. 451-455
École pratique des hautes études, Section des sciences religieuses, 1981
Sanogo Moussa. Les rites funéraires en pays Worodougou (région de Séguéla) . In: École pratique d... more Sanogo Moussa. Les rites funéraires en pays Worodougou (région de Séguéla) . In: École pratique des hautes études, Section des sciences religieuses. Annuaire. Tome 90, 1981-1982. 1981. pp. 487-489
Bovine brucellosis is an endemic infectious disease which can impact cattle productivity and welf... more Bovine brucellosis is an endemic infectious disease which can impact cattle productivity and welfare negatively, as well as human health. Sufficient knowledge on its epidemiology, particularly on species and biotypes of Brucella at national and/or regional scale are important to set up and implement efficient control measures against brucellosis in a "One health" perspective. The main objective of this review was to investigate available literature on strains of Brucella in order to provide a state of art-knowledge on species and biovars reported in cattle from West Africa. A literature search was conducted to identify relevant data on species and biovars of Brucella in cattle from Western African countries. This search included studies presenting bacteriological and/or molecular results of identification and typing, relied on international classification methods with no time limit and no language restrictions. Studies reporting results of identification at genus level only were not considered for this review. This review revealed that Brucella abortus was the most prevalent species in cattle from West Africa, in line with host preference for Brucellae. So far, biovars 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and intermediate biovar 3/6 of B. abortus were reported in cattle in the region. Among these strains, biovars 3, recently identified in The Gambia and Ivory Coast, was the most commonly isolated. Brucella melitensis and/or B. suis have not been mentioned yet in cattle in this part of Africa. The public health significance of prevailing strains is discussed and a regional collaborative control program of brucellosis is suggested.
Serological results obtained from 907 serum samples collected from unvaccinated cattle of at leas... more Serological results obtained from 907 serum samples collected from unvaccinated cattle of at least 6 months of age in the savannah-forest region of Ivory Coast were used to investigate risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis seropositivity. Serum samples were tested using the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Using a parallel interpretation, RBT and iELISA results showed that 10.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.4, 12.4) of the cattle had antibodies against Brucella in our study area. The logistic regression analysis indicated that brucellosis seropositivity was associated with age and herd size. Cattle above 5 years of age were found to have a higher chance of being seropositive (odd ratio (OR) = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.3, 6.4) compared to cattle under 3 years of age. Similarly, the odd of brucellosis seropositivity for herds with more than 100 cattle was 3.3 (95% CI: 1.2, 8.9) times higher compared to those with less than 50 cattle.
Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. is a persistent threat to pearl millet [Cenchrus americanus (L.)... more Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. is a persistent threat to pearl millet [Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone, comb. nov.] production, especially in West Africa. This study aimed at evaluating the response of a diversified pearl millet genepool to five cycles of recurrent selection targeting Striga resistance and panicle yield, and to a lesser extent downy mildew [Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) J. Schroet.] resistance. Two-hundred full-sib families (FS) representing the C 5 selection cycle were evaluated together with the genepool parental landraces, experimental varieties derived from previous cycles and local checks in Striga-infested fields at Sadoré (Niger) and Cinzana (Mali). Substantial and mostly significant selection progress could be documented. The accumulated percentage gain from selection amounted to 51%/1% lower Striga infestation (measured by area under Striga number progress curve, ASNPC), 46%/62% lower downy mildew incidence, and 49%/31% higher panicle yield of the C 5-FS compared to the mean of the genepool parents at Sadoré/Cinzana, respectively. Experimental varieties selected from previous cycles also revealed lower ASNPC and mostly higher yield compared to genepool parents at their selection sites. Significant genetic variation among the C 5-FS and operative heritabilities of 76% (Cinzana), 84% (Sadoré) and 34% (combined across locations) for ASNPC will enable continued selection gain for Striga resistance. High genotype × environment interaction variances for all target traits suggest that different experimental varieties need to be extracted from the genepool for different sites. The genepool-derived varieties will be further validated on-farm and are expected to contribute to integrated Striga control in pearl millet in West Africa.
Serology is the most convenient method for detecting brucellosis but the efficient use of such te... more Serology is the most convenient method for detecting brucellosis but the efficient use of such tests in disease control requires evaluation of diagnostic performance and discriminative ability. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and an indirect ELISA (iELISA) in diagnosing brucellosis in 995 serum samples collected from cattle in the Ivory Coast between 2005 and 2009. A Bayesian approach was used to evaluate the two tests by estimating their sensitivities and specificities. The correlation-adjusted sensitivity of the iELISA was estimated to be 96.1% (credibility interval [CrI], 92.7-99.8), whereas that of the RBT was 54.9% (CrI, 23.5-95.1). High correlation-adjusted specificities were found for both tests (95.0%; [CrI, 91.1-99.6] for the iELISA and 97.7%; [CrI, 95.3-99.4] for the RBT, respectively). The true prevalence of brucellosis was estimated from the serum samples to be 4.6% (95%; [CrI, 0.6-9.5]). The level of agreement between the two tests was evaluated using indices of agreement (n = 995). Good agreement was found for negative results (96.6%; confidence interval [CI], 95.7-97.4), a finding supported by an estimated significant correlation of 0.37 (95%; CI, 0.01-0.73) within the sera testing negative. Agreement was lower for sera testing positive (52.2% CI: 41.9-62.5). The findings highlight the importance of using these two tests in combination as part of any brucellosis control programme.
Uploads
Papers by Moussa Sanogo