Objective: Available literature reveals that usage of Maternal Health Care Services (MHCSs), incl... more Objective: Available literature reveals that usage of Maternal Health Care Services (MHCSs), including antenatal care (ANC), has been decreased significantly in the developing countries due to Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the COVID-19 related factors on the MHCSs utilization in Bangladeshi women are yet to be examined. Therefore, this study examines the effect of COVID-19 on the use of ANC services among rural communities in Bangladesh.Method: A community-based qualitative study was conducted from May 01, 2021, to July 20, 2021, among selected pregnant women residing in eight villages of the Kushtia District, Bangladesh. A total of ten focus group discussions (FGDs) was conducted. Open Code 4.0 software was used to transcribe, translate, and analyze the data thematically. Results: Findings suggest that the measures taken by the government against the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly decreased the optimum usage of ANC services. The need to shift the role of ...
European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2021
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of chest physiotherapy along with early mobil... more The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of chest physiotherapy along with early mobility after abdominal surgery. The study was investigating the effect of chest physiotherapy along with early mobility and only chest physiotherapy after major abdominal surgeries on respiratory function, length of hospital stays, pain intensity, oxygen saturation level and status of functional independency (FIM). Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental study where sixty patients with Lower abdominal surgery conveniently selected from the post-operative unit of the tertiary level specialized hospitals in Dhaka and simple random sampling was used for differentiating the groups. Thirty patients in chest physiotherapy group (control) and thirty in chest physiotherapy along with early mobility group (Experimental). It was measured the respiratory function, length of hospital stays, pain intensity, oxygen saturation level and status of functional independence. Results: Regarding this study t...
Background: Tibolone is a synthetic hormone relplacemert therpy prepration with estrogenic, proge... more Background: Tibolone is a synthetic hormone relplacemert therpy prepration with estrogenic, progestogenic and androgenic tissue selective mechanism of action. It has advantages over traditional preparations of estrogen and progesterone considering the risks and adverse effects. Objective: To evaluate the extent of effectiveness and adverse effects of Tibolone. Method: This clinical trial was done in Khulna Medical College Hospital between January to December 2019. Postmenopusal women were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Alternate participant was included in two different group. Participants of group A was treated with Tibolone for 6 months and participants of group B was treated with placebo for 6 months. Each participant was followed up after 3 and 6 months. Four categories of postmenopausal symptoms (hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disturbance and mood swinging) were evaluated. Participants were monitored for any adverse effects. Severity of postmenopausal symptoms ...
The study aimed for phytochemical screening and to evaluate the cytotoxic, thrombolytic and anthe... more The study aimed for phytochemical screening and to evaluate the cytotoxic, thrombolytic and anthelmintic activities of methanol extract of the leaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.). The cytotoxic activity of crude extract was determined using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and LC50 values of the sample was 11.246 ± 0.65 μg/ml whereas for standard vincristine sulphate it was 8.50 ± 0.16μg/ml, act as a positive control. The extract showed 17.17 ±3.42% clot lytic activity as compared to standard streptokinase’s (30.45% ± 2.67%). The anthelmintic activity was done by using Tubifex tubifex with three concentrations viz.,2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml of the extract was studied which was mainly thoughtful about the finding of time of paralysis and time of death of the worms. The gradual increase in a dose exhibited a gradual increase in the activity. The extract exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at highest concentration of 10 mg/ml as compared with levamisole (1 mg/ml) was performed as ...
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to a whole spectrum of diseases including oste... more Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to a whole spectrum of diseases including osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and immune disorders. Though Bangladesh is low latitude country, vitamin D Deficiency is serious and wide spread problem in Bangladesh. Physicians of Bangladesh are more vulnerable to low vitamin D status due to long indoor work hours and lack of sunlight exposure in both government & private institute. So, the aim of this study to evaluate vitamin D status among the physicians working around the Bangladesh. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study where we enrolled 1112 doctors from 9 different areas of Bangladesh from May 2018 to June 2019. A Blood sample was collected from all participants to measure Serum 25(OH)D and various patient data such as age, gender, BMI, physical activity level during leisure time, use of vitamins and medications, sunlight exposure time, tea/coffee drinking, smoking, H/O comorbidities etc. was coll...
A number of plant-derived drugs have been prescribed for treating atherothrombotic disorders such... more A number of plant-derived drugs have been prescribed for treating atherothrombotic disorders such as myocardial or cerebral infarction. Therefore, this study investigated the individual and combined antithrombotic effects of six Asian plants on individuals with various BMIs. Venous blood drawn from healthy volunteers was allowed to form clots and treated with six organic fractions of Ophiorrhiza harrisiana Heyne, Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale, Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk, Syzygium operculatum L., Lantana camara L., and Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. using the clot-lysis method. The weight of the clot before and after treatment provided the percentage of clot lysis. Variations in clot lysis in different BMI groups were assessed. A. ilicifolius induced the most thrombolytic activity, whereas L. camara showed slightly lower thrombolytic activity. The maximum clot-lysis activity was primarily observed in different fractions of O. harrisana, H. cordifolia, E. alba, S. operculatum, and A. ilicifolius. However, chloroform fractions of all plants except O. harrisana and L. camara showed maximum activity in individual plants. O. harrisana, H. cordifolia, E. alba, S. operculatum, L. camara, and A. ilicifolius showed the highest significant (P < 0.5 and P < 0.001) clotlysis activity viz., 46.60±0.79% (ethyl acetate), 55.40±1.023% (chloroform), 48.86±1.35% (CCl 4), 44.89±1.76% (chloroform), 29.17±1.12% (ethanol), and 56.318±1.64% (chloroform). Obtained results were verified by ligandreceptor interaction through in silico approach. In conclusion, H. cordifolia, E. alba, and A. ilicifolius demonstrated promising thrombolytic effects; therefore, it is recommended that they be studied further for their therapeutic potential.
Bischofia javanica (Blume), an edible wild plant, has both prospective nutraceutical and therapeu... more Bischofia javanica (Blume), an edible wild plant, has both prospective nutraceutical and therapeutic properties. Here, we intended to explore the pharmacological potentials of the methanol extract of B. javanica (MEBJ) through integrated approaches. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of important phytoconstituents which were found to be safe during cytotoxicity analysis. The sedative potential of MEBJ (200 and 400 mg/kg) was determined by employing open field, hole cross, and thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time tests, where a significant reduction of the locomotor performance and an enhancement in the duration of sleeping have been observed, respectively. In addition, mice treated with MEBJ exhibited superior exploration during both elevated plus maze and hole board tests. In parallel, anti-diabetic potency was investigated via alpha-amylase inhibitory assay, where a dose-response increase in the percentage of inhibition has been marked. A similar response, such as an increased percentage of clot lysis, was observed during the thrombolytic test. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed with the identified compounds, demonstrated strong binding affinities to the target receptors of the experiments as mentioned above. Also, ADME/T and toxicological parameters verified the drug-like properties of the identified compounds. Collectively, these results indicate bioactivity of Bischofia javanica, which can be a potential candidate in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
BackgroundAlbizia richardianabelongs Fabaceae family which different parts like fruits, flowers, ... more BackgroundAlbizia richardianabelongs Fabaceae family which different parts like fruits, flowers, barks, and roots are used medicinally. The study reports the in vitro anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract ofA. richardianastem and its different fractions.MethodThe methanolic extract ofA. richardianastem (MEAR) extracted with n-hexane (HXFAR), carbon tetrachloride (CTFAR), chloroform (CFAR), and aqueous (AQFAR) and subjected for DPPH scavenging activity and total phenol content (TPC). The cytotoxic activity evaluated by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, while the disk diffusion method used for the antimicrobial study. The anti-inflammatory and thrombolytic activities of the extracts evaluated by the hypotonic solution induced hemolysis, heat-induced hemolysis and human blood clot lysis, respectively.ResultsAll the extracts exhibited excellent antioxidant activity in the DPPH scavenging assay and maximum total phenol content obser...
Actinodaphne angustifolia Nees (Family: Lauraceae) is commonly used in folk medicine against urin... more Actinodaphne angustifolia Nees (Family: Lauraceae) is commonly used in folk medicine against urinary disorder and diabetes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, and antidiarrheal activities of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) fraction of leaves of A. angustifolia (CTFAA) in different experimental models. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using qualitative and quantitative assays, while antidiarrheal effects assessed with castor oil-induced diarrheal models in mice. The clot lysis and brine shrimp lethality bioassay were used to investigate the thrombolytic and cytotoxic activities, respectively. CTFAA showed antioxidant effects in all qualitative and quantitative procedures. The fraction produced dose-dependent and significant (P<0.05 and P<0.01) activities in castor oil-induced diarrheal models. Moreover, CTFAA significantly (P<0.05) demonstrated a 15.29% clot lysis effect in the thrombolytic test, and the brine shrimp...
Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. prostrata is one of the most frequently used ethnomedicinal plants by the... more Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. prostrata is one of the most frequently used ethnomedicinal plants by the indigenous communities of Bangladesh. This study was designed to investigate the antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic and antibacterial activities of the ethanol extract of O. rugosa leaves (EEOR). The leaves were extracted with ethanol and subjected to in vivo antidiarrheal screening using the castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal transit models. Anti-inflammatory efficacy was evaluated using the histamine-induced paw edema test. In parallel, in vitro anthelmintic and antibacterial activities were evaluated using the aquatic worm and disc diffusion assays respectively. In all three diarrheal models, EEOR (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) showed obvious inhibition of diarrheal stool frequency, reduction of the volume and weight of the intestinal contents, and significant inhibition of intestinal motility. Also, EEOR manifested dose-dependent anti-inflammatory...
We have previously shown that 8 weeks' treatment with phenylbutyrate (PBA) (500mgx2/day) with... more We have previously shown that 8 weeks' treatment with phenylbutyrate (PBA) (500mgx2/day) with or without vitamin D (vitD) (5000 IU/day) as host-directed therapy (HDT) accelerated clinical recovery, sputum culture conversion and increased expression of cathelicidin LL-37 by immune cells in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). In this study we further aimed to examine whether HDT with PBA and vitD promoted clinically beneficial immunomodulation to improve treatment outcomes in TB patients. Cytokine concentration was measured in supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients (n = 31/group). Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (GADD34 and XBP1spl) and human beta-defensin-1 (HBD1) gene expression were studied in monocyte-derived-macrophages (MDM) (n = 18/group) from PBMC of patients. Autophagy in MDM (n = 6/group) was evaluated using LC3 expression by confocal microscopy. A significant decline in the concen...
Various forms of cancer are rising all over the world, requiring newer therapy. The quest of anti... more Various forms of cancer are rising all over the world, requiring newer therapy. The quest of anticancer drugs both from natural and synthetic sources is the demand of time. The present study was to investigate the cytotoxicity & thrombolytic activity of methanolic extracts Macaranga denticulata bark. An in vitro thrombolytic model was used to evaluate the clot lysis effect of different extracts of M. denticulata along with Streptokinase as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. Plant was evaluated for cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality bioassay comparing with standard cytotoxic drug vincristine sulphate. The cytotoxic activity of methanolic extracts of M. denticulata bark was evaluated by Brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay result was (LC50=57.25 µg/ml) compared with standard vincristine sulphate (LC50=0.512 µg/ml). It has significant thrombolytic activity (31.59%) compared to standard streptokinase (70%).
Present study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro complexation nature and strength of complex whic... more Present study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro complexation nature and strength of complex which may be formed due to interaction between Montelukast Sodium and Amlodipine Besylate. The interaction of Montelukast Sodium and Amlodipine Besylate has been studied in aqueous systems at a fixed temperature (37 0 C) at both gastric pH (pH 1.0 and pH 3.0) and intestinal pH (pH 6.5 and pH 6.8) by using some physical methods as spectral observation, Job's method of continuous variation, Ardon's method. From spectrophotometric study, Montelukast Sodium and Amlodipine Besylate give different spectra when Montelukast Sodium mixed with Amlodipine Besylate in 1:1 ratio the intensity of the spectra of Montelukast Sodium change remarkably due to interaction. The jobs plot was obtained by plotting absorbance difference against the mole fraction of the each drug at pH 1.0, pH 3.0, pH 6.5 and pH 6.8. Montelukast Sodium strong 1:1 complex with Amlodipine Besylate and lower spectra indicate the formation of 1:1 complexes of Montelukast Sodium with Amlodipine Besylate. These may indicate strong kinetics of complexation between Montelukast Sodium with Amlodipine Besylate. The value of stability constant for the complexation of Montelukast Sodium with Amlodipine Besylate at pH 1.0, pH 3.0, pH 6.5 and pH 6.8 were obtained from the spectral data using Ardon's plot. The value of stability constant for the drug-drug system at pH pH 1.0, pH 3.0, pH 6.5 and pH 6.8 are 1.9412, 2.0323, 2.0952 and 2.2203 respectively. At pH 6.8 it is found that Montelukast Sodium form relatively stable complex with Amlodipine Besylate (stability constant 2.2203) is high in comparison to pH 1. It can therefore be concluded that a careful consideration is needed during concurrent administration of Montelukast Sodium with Amlodipine Besylate.
Development of new tuberculosis (TB) drugs and alternative treatment strategies are urgently requ... more Development of new tuberculosis (TB) drugs and alternative treatment strategies are urgently required to control the global spread of TB. Previous results have shown that vitamin D3 (vitD3) and 4-phenyl butyrate (PBA) are potent inducers of the host defense peptide LL-37 that possess anti-mycobacterial effects. To examine if oral adjunctive therapy with 5,000IU vitD3 or 2x500 mg PBA or PBA+vitD3 to standard chemotherapy would lead to enhanced recovery in sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients. Adult TB patients (n = 288) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in Bangladesh. Primary endpoints included proportions of patients with a negative sputum culture at week 4 and reduction in clinical symptoms at week 8. Clinical assessments and sputum smear microscopy were performed weekly up to week 4, fortnightly up to week 12 and at week 24; TB culture was performed at week 0, 4 and 8; concentrations of LL-37 in cells, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(O...
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is now an emerging epidemic in developing countries inc... more Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is now an emerging epidemic in developing countries including Bangladesh. Younger people are being affected here more and more. Young individuals with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may have unique presentation, risk factor, angiographic profile and outcome which may have an influence on the preventive strategies. This study is an attempt to investigate the same. Methods: Young patients (aged d” 40 yrs) with AMI admitted to the coronary care unit of Chittagong Medical College Hospital over a period of one year were included in the study. Assessments of the patients were done with clinical history, physical examination and systemic evaluation. Location and types (STEMI, NSTEMI) of myocardial infarction were determined by ECG and serum troponin- 1 assay. Blood for glucose and lipid profile was drawn within 24 hours of admission. High sensitivity testing for C-reactive protein (hs CRP) was done in all patients. Coronary angiography was done ...
Background: The response rates and duration of peginterferon alpha (PEG-IFN-a) and ribavirin comb... more Background: The response rates and duration of peginterferon alpha (PEG-IFN-a) and ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4, the prevalent genotype in the Middle East and Africa, are poorly documented. Aims: To compare the efficacy and safety of 24, 36, or 48 weeks of PEG-IFN-a-2b and ribavirin therapy in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4. Methods: In this prospective, randomised, double blind study, 287 patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 were randomly assigned to PEG-IFN-a-2b (1.5 mg/kg) once weekly plus daily ribavirin (1000-1200 mg) for 24 weeks (group A, n = 95), 36 weeks (group B, n = 96), or 48 weeks (group C, n = 96) and followed for 48 weeks after completion of treatment. Early viral kinetics and histopathological evaluation of pre-and post treatment liver biopsies were performed. The primary end point was viral clearance 48 weeks after completion of treatment. Results: Sustained virological response was achieved in 29%, 66%, and 69% of patients treated with PEG-IFN-a-2b and ribavirin for 24, 36, and 48 weeks, respectively, by intention to treat analysis. No statistically significant difference in sustained virological response rates was detected between 36 and 48 weeks of therapy (p = 0.3). Subjects with sustained virological response showed greater antiviral efficacy (e) and rapid viral load decline from baseline to treatment week 4 compared with non-responders and improvement in liver histology. The incidence of adverse events was higher in the group treated for 48 weeks. Conclusion: PEG-IFN-a-2b and ribavirin for 36 or 48 weeks was more effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 than treatment for 24 weeks. Thirty six week therapy was well tolerated and produced sustained virological and histological response rates similar to the 48 week regimen.
Objective: Available literature reveals that usage of Maternal Health Care Services (MHCSs), incl... more Objective: Available literature reveals that usage of Maternal Health Care Services (MHCSs), including antenatal care (ANC), has been decreased significantly in the developing countries due to Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the COVID-19 related factors on the MHCSs utilization in Bangladeshi women are yet to be examined. Therefore, this study examines the effect of COVID-19 on the use of ANC services among rural communities in Bangladesh.Method: A community-based qualitative study was conducted from May 01, 2021, to July 20, 2021, among selected pregnant women residing in eight villages of the Kushtia District, Bangladesh. A total of ten focus group discussions (FGDs) was conducted. Open Code 4.0 software was used to transcribe, translate, and analyze the data thematically. Results: Findings suggest that the measures taken by the government against the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly decreased the optimum usage of ANC services. The need to shift the role of ...
European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2021
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of chest physiotherapy along with early mobil... more The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of chest physiotherapy along with early mobility after abdominal surgery. The study was investigating the effect of chest physiotherapy along with early mobility and only chest physiotherapy after major abdominal surgeries on respiratory function, length of hospital stays, pain intensity, oxygen saturation level and status of functional independency (FIM). Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental study where sixty patients with Lower abdominal surgery conveniently selected from the post-operative unit of the tertiary level specialized hospitals in Dhaka and simple random sampling was used for differentiating the groups. Thirty patients in chest physiotherapy group (control) and thirty in chest physiotherapy along with early mobility group (Experimental). It was measured the respiratory function, length of hospital stays, pain intensity, oxygen saturation level and status of functional independence. Results: Regarding this study t...
Background: Tibolone is a synthetic hormone relplacemert therpy prepration with estrogenic, proge... more Background: Tibolone is a synthetic hormone relplacemert therpy prepration with estrogenic, progestogenic and androgenic tissue selective mechanism of action. It has advantages over traditional preparations of estrogen and progesterone considering the risks and adverse effects. Objective: To evaluate the extent of effectiveness and adverse effects of Tibolone. Method: This clinical trial was done in Khulna Medical College Hospital between January to December 2019. Postmenopusal women were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Alternate participant was included in two different group. Participants of group A was treated with Tibolone for 6 months and participants of group B was treated with placebo for 6 months. Each participant was followed up after 3 and 6 months. Four categories of postmenopausal symptoms (hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disturbance and mood swinging) were evaluated. Participants were monitored for any adverse effects. Severity of postmenopausal symptoms ...
The study aimed for phytochemical screening and to evaluate the cytotoxic, thrombolytic and anthe... more The study aimed for phytochemical screening and to evaluate the cytotoxic, thrombolytic and anthelmintic activities of methanol extract of the leaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.). The cytotoxic activity of crude extract was determined using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and LC50 values of the sample was 11.246 ± 0.65 μg/ml whereas for standard vincristine sulphate it was 8.50 ± 0.16μg/ml, act as a positive control. The extract showed 17.17 ±3.42% clot lytic activity as compared to standard streptokinase’s (30.45% ± 2.67%). The anthelmintic activity was done by using Tubifex tubifex with three concentrations viz.,2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml of the extract was studied which was mainly thoughtful about the finding of time of paralysis and time of death of the worms. The gradual increase in a dose exhibited a gradual increase in the activity. The extract exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at highest concentration of 10 mg/ml as compared with levamisole (1 mg/ml) was performed as ...
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to a whole spectrum of diseases including oste... more Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to a whole spectrum of diseases including osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and immune disorders. Though Bangladesh is low latitude country, vitamin D Deficiency is serious and wide spread problem in Bangladesh. Physicians of Bangladesh are more vulnerable to low vitamin D status due to long indoor work hours and lack of sunlight exposure in both government & private institute. So, the aim of this study to evaluate vitamin D status among the physicians working around the Bangladesh. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study where we enrolled 1112 doctors from 9 different areas of Bangladesh from May 2018 to June 2019. A Blood sample was collected from all participants to measure Serum 25(OH)D and various patient data such as age, gender, BMI, physical activity level during leisure time, use of vitamins and medications, sunlight exposure time, tea/coffee drinking, smoking, H/O comorbidities etc. was coll...
A number of plant-derived drugs have been prescribed for treating atherothrombotic disorders such... more A number of plant-derived drugs have been prescribed for treating atherothrombotic disorders such as myocardial or cerebral infarction. Therefore, this study investigated the individual and combined antithrombotic effects of six Asian plants on individuals with various BMIs. Venous blood drawn from healthy volunteers was allowed to form clots and treated with six organic fractions of Ophiorrhiza harrisiana Heyne, Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale, Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk, Syzygium operculatum L., Lantana camara L., and Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. using the clot-lysis method. The weight of the clot before and after treatment provided the percentage of clot lysis. Variations in clot lysis in different BMI groups were assessed. A. ilicifolius induced the most thrombolytic activity, whereas L. camara showed slightly lower thrombolytic activity. The maximum clot-lysis activity was primarily observed in different fractions of O. harrisana, H. cordifolia, E. alba, S. operculatum, and A. ilicifolius. However, chloroform fractions of all plants except O. harrisana and L. camara showed maximum activity in individual plants. O. harrisana, H. cordifolia, E. alba, S. operculatum, L. camara, and A. ilicifolius showed the highest significant (P < 0.5 and P < 0.001) clotlysis activity viz., 46.60±0.79% (ethyl acetate), 55.40±1.023% (chloroform), 48.86±1.35% (CCl 4), 44.89±1.76% (chloroform), 29.17±1.12% (ethanol), and 56.318±1.64% (chloroform). Obtained results were verified by ligandreceptor interaction through in silico approach. In conclusion, H. cordifolia, E. alba, and A. ilicifolius demonstrated promising thrombolytic effects; therefore, it is recommended that they be studied further for their therapeutic potential.
Bischofia javanica (Blume), an edible wild plant, has both prospective nutraceutical and therapeu... more Bischofia javanica (Blume), an edible wild plant, has both prospective nutraceutical and therapeutic properties. Here, we intended to explore the pharmacological potentials of the methanol extract of B. javanica (MEBJ) through integrated approaches. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of important phytoconstituents which were found to be safe during cytotoxicity analysis. The sedative potential of MEBJ (200 and 400 mg/kg) was determined by employing open field, hole cross, and thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time tests, where a significant reduction of the locomotor performance and an enhancement in the duration of sleeping have been observed, respectively. In addition, mice treated with MEBJ exhibited superior exploration during both elevated plus maze and hole board tests. In parallel, anti-diabetic potency was investigated via alpha-amylase inhibitory assay, where a dose-response increase in the percentage of inhibition has been marked. A similar response, such as an increased percentage of clot lysis, was observed during the thrombolytic test. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed with the identified compounds, demonstrated strong binding affinities to the target receptors of the experiments as mentioned above. Also, ADME/T and toxicological parameters verified the drug-like properties of the identified compounds. Collectively, these results indicate bioactivity of Bischofia javanica, which can be a potential candidate in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
BackgroundAlbizia richardianabelongs Fabaceae family which different parts like fruits, flowers, ... more BackgroundAlbizia richardianabelongs Fabaceae family which different parts like fruits, flowers, barks, and roots are used medicinally. The study reports the in vitro anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract ofA. richardianastem and its different fractions.MethodThe methanolic extract ofA. richardianastem (MEAR) extracted with n-hexane (HXFAR), carbon tetrachloride (CTFAR), chloroform (CFAR), and aqueous (AQFAR) and subjected for DPPH scavenging activity and total phenol content (TPC). The cytotoxic activity evaluated by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, while the disk diffusion method used for the antimicrobial study. The anti-inflammatory and thrombolytic activities of the extracts evaluated by the hypotonic solution induced hemolysis, heat-induced hemolysis and human blood clot lysis, respectively.ResultsAll the extracts exhibited excellent antioxidant activity in the DPPH scavenging assay and maximum total phenol content obser...
Actinodaphne angustifolia Nees (Family: Lauraceae) is commonly used in folk medicine against urin... more Actinodaphne angustifolia Nees (Family: Lauraceae) is commonly used in folk medicine against urinary disorder and diabetes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, and antidiarrheal activities of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) fraction of leaves of A. angustifolia (CTFAA) in different experimental models. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using qualitative and quantitative assays, while antidiarrheal effects assessed with castor oil-induced diarrheal models in mice. The clot lysis and brine shrimp lethality bioassay were used to investigate the thrombolytic and cytotoxic activities, respectively. CTFAA showed antioxidant effects in all qualitative and quantitative procedures. The fraction produced dose-dependent and significant (P<0.05 and P<0.01) activities in castor oil-induced diarrheal models. Moreover, CTFAA significantly (P<0.05) demonstrated a 15.29% clot lysis effect in the thrombolytic test, and the brine shrimp...
Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. prostrata is one of the most frequently used ethnomedicinal plants by the... more Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. prostrata is one of the most frequently used ethnomedicinal plants by the indigenous communities of Bangladesh. This study was designed to investigate the antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic and antibacterial activities of the ethanol extract of O. rugosa leaves (EEOR). The leaves were extracted with ethanol and subjected to in vivo antidiarrheal screening using the castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal transit models. Anti-inflammatory efficacy was evaluated using the histamine-induced paw edema test. In parallel, in vitro anthelmintic and antibacterial activities were evaluated using the aquatic worm and disc diffusion assays respectively. In all three diarrheal models, EEOR (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) showed obvious inhibition of diarrheal stool frequency, reduction of the volume and weight of the intestinal contents, and significant inhibition of intestinal motility. Also, EEOR manifested dose-dependent anti-inflammatory...
We have previously shown that 8 weeks' treatment with phenylbutyrate (PBA) (500mgx2/day) with... more We have previously shown that 8 weeks' treatment with phenylbutyrate (PBA) (500mgx2/day) with or without vitamin D (vitD) (5000 IU/day) as host-directed therapy (HDT) accelerated clinical recovery, sputum culture conversion and increased expression of cathelicidin LL-37 by immune cells in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). In this study we further aimed to examine whether HDT with PBA and vitD promoted clinically beneficial immunomodulation to improve treatment outcomes in TB patients. Cytokine concentration was measured in supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients (n = 31/group). Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (GADD34 and XBP1spl) and human beta-defensin-1 (HBD1) gene expression were studied in monocyte-derived-macrophages (MDM) (n = 18/group) from PBMC of patients. Autophagy in MDM (n = 6/group) was evaluated using LC3 expression by confocal microscopy. A significant decline in the concen...
Various forms of cancer are rising all over the world, requiring newer therapy. The quest of anti... more Various forms of cancer are rising all over the world, requiring newer therapy. The quest of anticancer drugs both from natural and synthetic sources is the demand of time. The present study was to investigate the cytotoxicity & thrombolytic activity of methanolic extracts Macaranga denticulata bark. An in vitro thrombolytic model was used to evaluate the clot lysis effect of different extracts of M. denticulata along with Streptokinase as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. Plant was evaluated for cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality bioassay comparing with standard cytotoxic drug vincristine sulphate. The cytotoxic activity of methanolic extracts of M. denticulata bark was evaluated by Brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay result was (LC50=57.25 µg/ml) compared with standard vincristine sulphate (LC50=0.512 µg/ml). It has significant thrombolytic activity (31.59%) compared to standard streptokinase (70%).
Present study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro complexation nature and strength of complex whic... more Present study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro complexation nature and strength of complex which may be formed due to interaction between Montelukast Sodium and Amlodipine Besylate. The interaction of Montelukast Sodium and Amlodipine Besylate has been studied in aqueous systems at a fixed temperature (37 0 C) at both gastric pH (pH 1.0 and pH 3.0) and intestinal pH (pH 6.5 and pH 6.8) by using some physical methods as spectral observation, Job's method of continuous variation, Ardon's method. From spectrophotometric study, Montelukast Sodium and Amlodipine Besylate give different spectra when Montelukast Sodium mixed with Amlodipine Besylate in 1:1 ratio the intensity of the spectra of Montelukast Sodium change remarkably due to interaction. The jobs plot was obtained by plotting absorbance difference against the mole fraction of the each drug at pH 1.0, pH 3.0, pH 6.5 and pH 6.8. Montelukast Sodium strong 1:1 complex with Amlodipine Besylate and lower spectra indicate the formation of 1:1 complexes of Montelukast Sodium with Amlodipine Besylate. These may indicate strong kinetics of complexation between Montelukast Sodium with Amlodipine Besylate. The value of stability constant for the complexation of Montelukast Sodium with Amlodipine Besylate at pH 1.0, pH 3.0, pH 6.5 and pH 6.8 were obtained from the spectral data using Ardon's plot. The value of stability constant for the drug-drug system at pH pH 1.0, pH 3.0, pH 6.5 and pH 6.8 are 1.9412, 2.0323, 2.0952 and 2.2203 respectively. At pH 6.8 it is found that Montelukast Sodium form relatively stable complex with Amlodipine Besylate (stability constant 2.2203) is high in comparison to pH 1. It can therefore be concluded that a careful consideration is needed during concurrent administration of Montelukast Sodium with Amlodipine Besylate.
Development of new tuberculosis (TB) drugs and alternative treatment strategies are urgently requ... more Development of new tuberculosis (TB) drugs and alternative treatment strategies are urgently required to control the global spread of TB. Previous results have shown that vitamin D3 (vitD3) and 4-phenyl butyrate (PBA) are potent inducers of the host defense peptide LL-37 that possess anti-mycobacterial effects. To examine if oral adjunctive therapy with 5,000IU vitD3 or 2x500 mg PBA or PBA+vitD3 to standard chemotherapy would lead to enhanced recovery in sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients. Adult TB patients (n = 288) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in Bangladesh. Primary endpoints included proportions of patients with a negative sputum culture at week 4 and reduction in clinical symptoms at week 8. Clinical assessments and sputum smear microscopy were performed weekly up to week 4, fortnightly up to week 12 and at week 24; TB culture was performed at week 0, 4 and 8; concentrations of LL-37 in cells, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(O...
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is now an emerging epidemic in developing countries inc... more Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is now an emerging epidemic in developing countries including Bangladesh. Younger people are being affected here more and more. Young individuals with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may have unique presentation, risk factor, angiographic profile and outcome which may have an influence on the preventive strategies. This study is an attempt to investigate the same. Methods: Young patients (aged d” 40 yrs) with AMI admitted to the coronary care unit of Chittagong Medical College Hospital over a period of one year were included in the study. Assessments of the patients were done with clinical history, physical examination and systemic evaluation. Location and types (STEMI, NSTEMI) of myocardial infarction were determined by ECG and serum troponin- 1 assay. Blood for glucose and lipid profile was drawn within 24 hours of admission. High sensitivity testing for C-reactive protein (hs CRP) was done in all patients. Coronary angiography was done ...
Background: The response rates and duration of peginterferon alpha (PEG-IFN-a) and ribavirin comb... more Background: The response rates and duration of peginterferon alpha (PEG-IFN-a) and ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4, the prevalent genotype in the Middle East and Africa, are poorly documented. Aims: To compare the efficacy and safety of 24, 36, or 48 weeks of PEG-IFN-a-2b and ribavirin therapy in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4. Methods: In this prospective, randomised, double blind study, 287 patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 were randomly assigned to PEG-IFN-a-2b (1.5 mg/kg) once weekly plus daily ribavirin (1000-1200 mg) for 24 weeks (group A, n = 95), 36 weeks (group B, n = 96), or 48 weeks (group C, n = 96) and followed for 48 weeks after completion of treatment. Early viral kinetics and histopathological evaluation of pre-and post treatment liver biopsies were performed. The primary end point was viral clearance 48 weeks after completion of treatment. Results: Sustained virological response was achieved in 29%, 66%, and 69% of patients treated with PEG-IFN-a-2b and ribavirin for 24, 36, and 48 weeks, respectively, by intention to treat analysis. No statistically significant difference in sustained virological response rates was detected between 36 and 48 weeks of therapy (p = 0.3). Subjects with sustained virological response showed greater antiviral efficacy (e) and rapid viral load decline from baseline to treatment week 4 compared with non-responders and improvement in liver histology. The incidence of adverse events was higher in the group treated for 48 weeks. Conclusion: PEG-IFN-a-2b and ribavirin for 36 or 48 weeks was more effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 than treatment for 24 weeks. Thirty six week therapy was well tolerated and produced sustained virological and histological response rates similar to the 48 week regimen.
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