Papers by Roberto Morales Rosales
Revista Iberoamericana de Cirugía de la Mano, 2014
Objetivo: El propósito del presente trabajo fue evaluar el nivel de evidencia científica de artíc... more Objetivo: El propósito del presente trabajo fue evaluar el nivel de evidencia científica de artículos de investigación clínica publicados en las Revista Ineroamericana de Cirugía de la Mano (RICMA) y compararlo con las revistas Europea (JHSE) y Americana (JHSA).Material y método: Un total de 932 trabajos de investigación clínicos publicados entre 2005 y 2009 (RICMA 60, JHSE, JHSA 461 y 411) fueron revisados. Dos observadores independientes clasificaron el nivel de evidencia basado en la Clasificación Internacional de Oxford, siendo 5 el nivel más bajo y 1 el nivel más alto de evidencia científica. Las frecuencias observadas de nivel de evidencia para cada revista científica fueron comparadas con las frecuencias esperadas mediante un test de chi- cuadrado (X2) para variables categóricas con un nivel de significancia del 0.05.Resultados: Más del 80% de los trabajos publicados en la RICMA y el JHSE , y el 67.6% en el JHSA presentaron un nivel IV de evidencia. Trabajos de nivel I o II n...
Revista Iberoamericana de Cirugía de la Mano, 2014
El propósito del presente trabajo es presentar la evolución histórica del uso del tratamiento ort... more El propósito del presente trabajo es presentar la evolución histórica del uso del tratamiento ortésico en la patología de la mano, introducir la figura de Harold E Kleinert y su tratamiento primario de las lesiones de los tendones flexores en la zona II de la mano como principio de la “Teoría del Control de la Cicatrización” que sienta las bases biológicas y biomecánicas del tratamiento y fisioterapia postoperatoria de las patologías más frecuentes de la mano: fracturas, mano catastrófica, mano extrínseca post-traumática, mano reumática, etc.
Revista Iberoamericana de Cirugía de la Mano, 2008
El propósito del presente trabajo es describir las pasos principales en el desarrollo de un traba... more El propósito del presente trabajo es describir las pasos principales en el desarrollo de un trabajo de investigación clínica en cirugía de la mano, con el objetivo de establecer una guía para aquellos investigadores y cirujanos de mano interesados en el campo de la valoración de resultados. Así se aborda: la importancia de los antecedentes en la generación de la pregunta de investigación y los objetivos en función de los diferentes tipos de trabajos de investigación clínica (el porqué); el material y método (el cómo), introduciendo los principales apartados que debe incluir, como son la definición de la población estudio, diseño clínico, instrumentos y mediciones, y análisis estadístico; la descripción de los resultados (lo descubierto); para finalizar con la discusión de los mismos (la interpretación de los resultados).
Rev Guatemalteca Cir, Dec 1, 1993
Rev Guatemalteca Cir, Apr 1, 1993
Revista Iberoamericana de Cirugía de la Mano, 2015
El propósito de esta revisión era presentar las bases bilógicas y fisiopatológicas de la formació... more El propósito de esta revisión era presentar las bases bilógicas y fisiopatológicas de la formación de neuromas como causa de los síndromes dolorosos regional (SDRC) tipo II y el uso de la monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria en el tratamiento de los SDRC tipo II secundarios a neuromas en continuidad y en nervios adheridos en cicatrices tras cirugías previas.
INTRODUCTION: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is thought to be due to compression of the median nerv... more INTRODUCTION: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is thought to be due to compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. It is known that carpal tunnel pressures are elevated in wrist postures of flexion and extension and in those patients with CTS. Classic symptoms of CTS include night waking with pain, tingling, and numbness. These classic symptoms stimulated our interest in the relationship of sleep to the development of CTS. METHOD: We reviewed the literature surrounding the epidemiology of CTS and the literature regarding sleep disturbances. Through careful distillation of these studies and a process of reasoning, we have developed a hypothesis for a causal mechanism of CTS. RESULTS: Epidemiologically, it has been shown that CTS is associated with age, gender, increased body mass index (BMI), diabetes, pregnancy, and is more common in some populations. The same associations noted above for CTS are strongly associated with sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances due to age, gende...
We discuss the use of multiple exchange rates to ration foreign exchange in developing countries,... more We discuss the use of multiple exchange rates to ration foreign exchange in developing countries, focusing on the case where there is an officially set exchange rate and a second parallel rate that is freely determined by the market. We assume the Central Bank determines the proportions of imports (exports) that can be purchased (must be sold) at the official rate, with the remainder being settled at the parallel rate. By changing these proportions to different sectors and/or commodities a multiple exchange rate system (MERS) emerges. We study the properties of such MERS in the context of a computable general equilibrium model and evaluate how different methods of allocating proportions for sectors and commodities affect output, employment and the real wage. An empirical application of the model to the case of El Salvador shows that the choice of rationing methods to allocate foreign exchange is of central importance; the same balance of payments outcome can be associated with very different changes in the real wage, employment and GNP.
2012 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications, 2012
The design of power line communication (PLC) systems for vehicles, i.e., vehicular power line com... more The design of power line communication (PLC) systems for vehicles, i.e., vehicular power line communication (VPLC), is a challenging task as propagation conditions are harsh and devices need to be low cost and highly integrated (to have minimal overhead on vehicle's cost and weight). One particular challenge, which is common to many PLC application scenarios, is the temporal and spatial variation of the input impedance. In this paper, we investigate on this issue and, based on previous studies and measurements on access impedances for a PLC network in a car, we discuss the design of adaptive impedance matching circuits for VPLC. This includes a study on frequency range of operation, suggestions for impedance matching circuits, and proposing a circuit structure. In particular, since inductors are an integral part of matching circuitry and given that over the typical frequency range of operation for VPLC their integration is challenging, if not impractical, we advocate the use of active inductors in matching circuits. As compared to passive inductors, they occupy a smaller on-chip size and their inductance is adjustable. We also propose an active inductor structure that provides a wide range of inductance values which are suitable for VPLC applications.
2012 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications, 2012
In today's electric and conventional combustion engine vehicles, data communication between e... more In today's electric and conventional combustion engine vehicles, data communication between electronic control units is accomplished by sending communication signals over dedicated wires. The space requirement, weight, and installation costs for these wires can become significant, especially in electric vehicles (EVs) of the future, which are highly sophisticated electronic systems. The concept of reusing existing electricity wires, which are needed to power electronic components, for data communication, i.e., vehicular power line communications (V-PLC), is thus a promising means to reduce the amount of dedicated wiring and/or establish redundant communication buses especially for EVs. Previous work on V-PLC has mostly focused on combustion engine vehicles. In this paper, we present the methodology and results from a measurement campaign with the goal of characterizing the transmission conditions for V-PLC in a hybrid EV (HEV). Emphasis is given to the choice of measurement points (potential nodes of a V-PLC network) and the proper design of adapters for measurement equipment. The results presented here focus on channel transfer function and access impedance.
2011 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications, 2011
... Power Line Communications Nima Taherinejad, Roberto Rosales, Shahriar Mirabbasi and Lutz Lamp... more ... Power Line Communications Nima Taherinejad, Roberto Rosales, Shahriar Mirabbasi and Lutz Lampe ECE Dep., University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada {nimat, robertor, shahriar, lampe}@ece.ubc.ca ... 443448, October 2008. [13] M. Mohammadi, L. Lampe, M. Lok ...
HAND, 2007
IntroductionCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is thought to be due to compression of the median nerve ... more IntroductionCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is thought to be due to compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. It is known that carpal tunnel pressures are elevated in wrist postures of flexion and extension and in those patients with CTS. Classic symptoms of CTS include night waking with pain, tingling, and numbness. These classic symptoms stimulated our interest in the relationship of sleep to the development of CTS.MethodWe reviewed the literature surrounding the epidemiology of CTS and the literature regarding sleep disturbances. Through careful distillation of these studies and a process of reasoning, we have developed a hypothesis for a causal mechanism of CTS.ResultsEpidemiologically, it has been shown that CTS is associated with age, gender, increased body mass index (BMI), diabetes, pregnancy, and is more common in some populations. The same associations noted above for CTS are strongly associated with sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances due to age, gender, BMI, ...
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2014
Background: Although arthroscopy of upper extremity joints was initially a diagnostic tool, it is... more Background: Although arthroscopy of upper extremity joints was initially a diagnostic tool, it is increasingly used for therapeutic interventions. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for assessing treatment efficacy. We aimed to review the literature for intervention RCTs involving wrist and shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: We performed a systematic review for RCTs in which at least one arm was an intervention performed through wrist arthroscopy or shoulder arthroscopy. PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to December 2012. Two researchers reviewed each article and recorded the condition treated, randomization method, number of randomized participants, time of randomization, outcomes measures, blinding, and description of dropouts and withdrawals. We used the modified Jadad scale that considers the randomization method, blinding, and dropouts/withdrawals; score 0 (lowest quality) to 5 (highest quality). The scores for the wrist and shoulder RCTs were compared with the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The first references to both wrist and shoulder arthroscopy appeared in the late 1970s. The search found 4 wrist arthroscopy intervention RCTs (Kienböck's disease, dorsal wrist ganglia, volar wrist ganglia, and distal radius fracture; first 3 compared arthroscopic with open surgery). The median number of participants was 45. The search found 50 shoulder arthroscopy intervention RCTs (rotator cuff tears 22, instability 14, impingement 9, and other conditions 5). Of these, 31 compared different arthroscopic treatments, 12 compared arthroscopic with open treatment, and 7 compared arthroscopic with nonoperative treatment. The median number of participants was 60. The median modified Jadad score for the wrist RCTs was 0.5 (range 0-1) and for the shoulder RCTs 3.0 (range 0-5) (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Despite the increasing use of wrist arthroscopy in the treatment of various wrist disorders the efficacy of arthroscopically performed wrist interventions has been studied in only 4 randomized studies compared to 50 randomized studies of significantly higher quality assessing interventions performed through shoulder arthroscopy.
Hand Surgery, 1996
Because the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is a weight-bearing joint, surgical procedures treatin... more Because the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is a weight-bearing joint, surgical procedures treating DRUJ instability must be evaluated accordingly. Biomechanically, such procedures can be viewed from two approaches: One that preserves DRUJ biomechanics, which includes Groups A (intracapsular anatomical reconstruction) and B (ulnar shortening alone); and another that radically alters DRUJ biomechanics, which includes Groups C (tendon sling) and D (resection of ulnar head). This study compared the results of these two approaches. Sixty-four patients having DRUJ surgery between 1984 and 1993 met the inclusion criteria of painful dorsal dynamic DRUJ instability, no DRUJ arthrosis, and no ulnocarpal impingement. However, only 25 returned for follow-up examination (Group A, 14 patients; B, 3; C, 2; D, 6). Grip strength, instability, pain, ROM, and satisfaction were scored. The total scores of Groups A and B combined were significantly better than those of Groups C and D combined. Scores fo...
Introducción. La adopción de un sistema de tipo de cambio múltiple(STCM) es un fenómeno ampliamen... more Introducción. La adopción de un sistema de tipo de cambio múltiple(STCM) es un fenómeno ampliamente observado en los países menos desarrollados(PMD). Puede implementarse un STCM para proporcionar proteción, recaudar ingresos o promover las exportaciones(véase Bhagwati y Krueger, 1973). También un STCM puede funcionar como sustituto de un sistema de impuestos y subsidios diferenciales que trate de ajustar los precios relativos de acuerdo con los costos marginales(Streeten, 1987). El estudio de los tipos de cambio múltiples se ha expandido rápidamente en los recién pasados años. Se han dedicado algunos esfuerzos al análisis de las economías donde son importantes las afluencias autónomas de capital...
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Papers by Roberto Morales Rosales