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Monika Verma

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Monika Verma is a PhD student at the Institute of Social Research and Cultural Studies, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan (R.O.C.). She holds a master’s degree in Defence and Stretegic Studies from the University of Allahabad.Address: Hsinchu City, Taiwan (R.O.C.

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Papers by Monika Verma

The Securitization of Migration: An Indian Stance on the Securitization of Migration

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021

Migration is an intrinsic part of human life. People often move, because of wars, territorial con... more Migration is an intrinsic part of human life. People often move, because of wars, territorial conflicts, or socio-political suffering, compelled to sacrifice lives, family, relationships, accommodation, language, and community to pursue a better life. The connection between people's mobility and insecurity is not a recent phenomenon. But the inclusion of forced migration in the securitization of migration is relatively a new phenomenon. In the twentieth century, the influx of large-scale immigration from Bangladesh to India, especially in Assam, has become a significant problem. And it had substantial socio-political implications that led the country to contemplate the issue of securitization of migration. The influx of large-scale immigration from Bangladesh to India was an outcome of communal riots, religious strife, socio-political discord, and the British policy of divide and rule after, and before, India's independence. The securitization of migration and the politics of security reinforce the idea of the divisions between 'us' and 'them,' depicting 'others' as a tool for enhancing the community's bond. This essay explicitly examines the link between security and forced migration, taking an example of 'illegal immigrants' from Bangladesh to India. Does the securitization of migration have helped to solve the problem of 'illegal migration' in India? This paper attempts to answer that question.

Rohingya Children in India: Access to Education and the Quest for a Better Future

International Center for Cultural Studies , 2023

This article endeavors to illuminate the educational challenges faced by Rohingya children living... more This article endeavors to illuminate the educational challenges faced by Rohingya children living as refugees in India and their aspirations for a brighter future. The Rohingya community, displaced from Myanmar due to persecution, has sought refuge in various countries, including India, where children encounter various barriers to accessing quality education. This study employs a qualitative approach to explore the nuanced factors affecting Rohingya children's educational opportunities. The article delves into issues such as limited access to formal schooling, language barriers, and the impact of socioeconomic conditions on their learning experiences. Additionally, the study investigates the role of community initiatives and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in shaping educational prospects for Rohingya children. By shedding light on these dynamics, the article aims to contribute insights that can inform targeted interventions and policy improvements to ensure inclusive and equitable access to education for Rohingya children, thereby fostering their quest for a better and more promising future.

The Plight of Rohingya Refugees in India: Living in Denial

Asia Review, 2023

The immigration of Rohingyas to India was recorded in the 90s after the legal exclusion from Myan... more The immigration of Rohingyas to India was recorded in the 90s after the legal exclusion from Myanmar's 1982 citizenship law, but due to their small numbers, they remained unknown until 2012 (Basavapatna, 2018). There was a steady increase in the number of Rohingyas who migrated to India in the years following 2000, which signified the beginning of a significant immigration trend. Furthermore, it increased in 2012 after 'the 2012 Rakhine State riots', an ethnic violence in western Myanmar (Tan, 2017). Moreover, it became a political problem when one of the major political

The Rohingya Crisis: An overview of the Psychosocial Challenges of the Rohingyas in Exile

Conflict, Justice, Decolonization: Critical Studies of Inter-Asian Societies, 2022

The conflict between Burmese Buddhists and Rohingyas remains a very contentious and ongoing pheno... more The conflict between Burmese Buddhists and Rohingyas remains a very contentious and ongoing phenomenon. In this article, the author examines how violence and confrontation in the Rakhine state affect the lives and livelihoods of the Rohingya people before and after the migration. It attempts to understand the experiences of the Rohingya people living in India and Bangladesh to understand persecution-related trauma, mental health disorders, or even the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The paper argues that the persecution experienced by the Rohingyas in Myanmar has left trauma in the lives of those living in exile.

The Securitization of Migration: An Indian Stance on the Securitization of Migration

Institute of Social Research and Cultural Studies, 2021

Migration is an intrinsic part of human life. People often move, because of wars, territorial con... more Migration is an intrinsic part of human life. People often move, because of wars, territorial conflicts, or socio-political suffering, compelled to sacrifice lives, family, relationships, accommodation, language, and community to pursue a better life. The connection between people's mobility and insecurity is not a recent phenomenon. But the inclusion of forced migration in the securitization of migration is relatively a new phenomenon. In the twentieth century, the influx of large-scale immigration from Bangladesh to India, especially in Assam, has become a significant problem. And it had substantial socio-political implications that led the country to contemplate the issue of securitization of migration. The influx of large-scale immigration from Bangladesh to India was an outcome of communal riots, religious strife, socio-political discord, and the British policy of divide and rule after, and before, India's independence. The securitization of migration and the politics of security reinforce the idea of the divisions between 'us' and 'them,' depicting 'others' as a tool for enhancing the community's bond. This essay explicitly examines the link between security and forced migration, taking an example of 'illegal immigrants' from Bangladesh to India. Does the securitization of migration have helped to solve the problem of 'illegal migration' in India? This paper attempts to answer that question.

The Issue of Land Acquisition/Grabbing-Induced Displacement in Myanmar: The Exacerbation of the Lives of Rohingyas

International Center for Cultural Studies Working Paper Series ICCS, 2021

The violence against Rohingyas has intensified over the past several years in Myanmar, especially... more The violence against Rohingyas has intensified over the past several years in Myanmar, especially since 1948. In the relentless humanitarian catastrophe triggered by the massacres, riots, and mass displacement, socio-political factors always appeared in the front-line, but what is sometimes missed or rarely acknowledged are the economic aspects behind Rohingyas' narration of expulsion. The crisis of Rohingyas in Myanmar not only has social (ethnic and religious) and political aspects. It also, deep down, has economic aspects, such as land acquisition laws and economic development, as contributing factors to forced displacement. Land acquisitions and subsequent land disputes/conflicts are among the significant contested, complicated and disturbing problems in today's Myanmar's shifting socio-political and economic environment. Keeping in view the laws and economic development, this paper considers the issue of land acquisition or grabbing-induced displacement in Myanmar. It examines laws on land questions in Myanmar that failed to achieve the desired goals and somehow became a medium to facilitate land acquisition in the state. It also highlights the economic development boom to increase foreign direct investment in the country, leading to land conflicts and land acquisitions in the State. Finally, the paper would like to shed light on how the land laws and land disputes/conflicts of land acquisition/grabbing-induced displacement impacts Rohingyas' lives in Myanmar and force them to leave their country.

Trepidations and Ramifications of COVID-19: Rohingya Refugees in India

International Center for Cultural Studies, National Chiao Tung University, 2020

Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019: The Pernicious Outcomes of the Altering Equation of Citizenship in India

International Center for Cultural Studies, National Chiao Tung University, 2021

Citizenship has been a vital issue in addressing societal alteration over the past few years.

Struggle for Life and Liberty: Rohingyas in India

International Center for Cultural Studies, National Chiao Tung University, 2019

Rohingyas are the most persecuted ethnic minority in the world stated by the United Nations.[1] T... more Rohingyas are the most persecuted ethnic minority in the world stated by the United Nations.[1] They are a group of Burmese Muslim people from Rakhine state in Myanmar situated on the western coast of Myanmar adjacent to the Bay of Bengal in the Indian ocean. In Myanmar, they are seen as "illegal immigrants" by the Buddhist and other communities. Rohingyas have continuously faced persecution, discrimination, mistreatment, massacre, and statelessness over the past four decades. Facing ethnic cleansing in Myanmar,[2] Rohingyas have ed to various countries in the world. This article analyzes Rohingyas' struggle for life and liberty in India from both humanitarian and legal perspectives. Finally, it examines the causes of resentment against the refugees in India.

The Securitization of Migration: An Indian Stance on the Securitization of Migration

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021

Migration is an intrinsic part of human life. People often move, because of wars, territorial con... more Migration is an intrinsic part of human life. People often move, because of wars, territorial conflicts, or socio-political suffering, compelled to sacrifice lives, family, relationships, accommodation, language, and community to pursue a better life. The connection between people's mobility and insecurity is not a recent phenomenon. But the inclusion of forced migration in the securitization of migration is relatively a new phenomenon. In the twentieth century, the influx of large-scale immigration from Bangladesh to India, especially in Assam, has become a significant problem. And it had substantial socio-political implications that led the country to contemplate the issue of securitization of migration. The influx of large-scale immigration from Bangladesh to India was an outcome of communal riots, religious strife, socio-political discord, and the British policy of divide and rule after, and before, India's independence. The securitization of migration and the politics of security reinforce the idea of the divisions between 'us' and 'them,' depicting 'others' as a tool for enhancing the community's bond. This essay explicitly examines the link between security and forced migration, taking an example of 'illegal immigrants' from Bangladesh to India. Does the securitization of migration have helped to solve the problem of 'illegal migration' in India? This paper attempts to answer that question.

Rohingya Children in India: Access to Education and the Quest for a Better Future

International Center for Cultural Studies , 2023

This article endeavors to illuminate the educational challenges faced by Rohingya children living... more This article endeavors to illuminate the educational challenges faced by Rohingya children living as refugees in India and their aspirations for a brighter future. The Rohingya community, displaced from Myanmar due to persecution, has sought refuge in various countries, including India, where children encounter various barriers to accessing quality education. This study employs a qualitative approach to explore the nuanced factors affecting Rohingya children's educational opportunities. The article delves into issues such as limited access to formal schooling, language barriers, and the impact of socioeconomic conditions on their learning experiences. Additionally, the study investigates the role of community initiatives and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in shaping educational prospects for Rohingya children. By shedding light on these dynamics, the article aims to contribute insights that can inform targeted interventions and policy improvements to ensure inclusive and equitable access to education for Rohingya children, thereby fostering their quest for a better and more promising future.

The Plight of Rohingya Refugees in India: Living in Denial

Asia Review, 2023

The immigration of Rohingyas to India was recorded in the 90s after the legal exclusion from Myan... more The immigration of Rohingyas to India was recorded in the 90s after the legal exclusion from Myanmar's 1982 citizenship law, but due to their small numbers, they remained unknown until 2012 (Basavapatna, 2018). There was a steady increase in the number of Rohingyas who migrated to India in the years following 2000, which signified the beginning of a significant immigration trend. Furthermore, it increased in 2012 after 'the 2012 Rakhine State riots', an ethnic violence in western Myanmar (Tan, 2017). Moreover, it became a political problem when one of the major political

The Rohingya Crisis: An overview of the Psychosocial Challenges of the Rohingyas in Exile

Conflict, Justice, Decolonization: Critical Studies of Inter-Asian Societies, 2022

The conflict between Burmese Buddhists and Rohingyas remains a very contentious and ongoing pheno... more The conflict between Burmese Buddhists and Rohingyas remains a very contentious and ongoing phenomenon. In this article, the author examines how violence and confrontation in the Rakhine state affect the lives and livelihoods of the Rohingya people before and after the migration. It attempts to understand the experiences of the Rohingya people living in India and Bangladesh to understand persecution-related trauma, mental health disorders, or even the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The paper argues that the persecution experienced by the Rohingyas in Myanmar has left trauma in the lives of those living in exile.

The Securitization of Migration: An Indian Stance on the Securitization of Migration

Institute of Social Research and Cultural Studies, 2021

Migration is an intrinsic part of human life. People often move, because of wars, territorial con... more Migration is an intrinsic part of human life. People often move, because of wars, territorial conflicts, or socio-political suffering, compelled to sacrifice lives, family, relationships, accommodation, language, and community to pursue a better life. The connection between people's mobility and insecurity is not a recent phenomenon. But the inclusion of forced migration in the securitization of migration is relatively a new phenomenon. In the twentieth century, the influx of large-scale immigration from Bangladesh to India, especially in Assam, has become a significant problem. And it had substantial socio-political implications that led the country to contemplate the issue of securitization of migration. The influx of large-scale immigration from Bangladesh to India was an outcome of communal riots, religious strife, socio-political discord, and the British policy of divide and rule after, and before, India's independence. The securitization of migration and the politics of security reinforce the idea of the divisions between 'us' and 'them,' depicting 'others' as a tool for enhancing the community's bond. This essay explicitly examines the link between security and forced migration, taking an example of 'illegal immigrants' from Bangladesh to India. Does the securitization of migration have helped to solve the problem of 'illegal migration' in India? This paper attempts to answer that question.

The Issue of Land Acquisition/Grabbing-Induced Displacement in Myanmar: The Exacerbation of the Lives of Rohingyas

International Center for Cultural Studies Working Paper Series ICCS, 2021

The violence against Rohingyas has intensified over the past several years in Myanmar, especially... more The violence against Rohingyas has intensified over the past several years in Myanmar, especially since 1948. In the relentless humanitarian catastrophe triggered by the massacres, riots, and mass displacement, socio-political factors always appeared in the front-line, but what is sometimes missed or rarely acknowledged are the economic aspects behind Rohingyas' narration of expulsion. The crisis of Rohingyas in Myanmar not only has social (ethnic and religious) and political aspects. It also, deep down, has economic aspects, such as land acquisition laws and economic development, as contributing factors to forced displacement. Land acquisitions and subsequent land disputes/conflicts are among the significant contested, complicated and disturbing problems in today's Myanmar's shifting socio-political and economic environment. Keeping in view the laws and economic development, this paper considers the issue of land acquisition or grabbing-induced displacement in Myanmar. It examines laws on land questions in Myanmar that failed to achieve the desired goals and somehow became a medium to facilitate land acquisition in the state. It also highlights the economic development boom to increase foreign direct investment in the country, leading to land conflicts and land acquisitions in the State. Finally, the paper would like to shed light on how the land laws and land disputes/conflicts of land acquisition/grabbing-induced displacement impacts Rohingyas' lives in Myanmar and force them to leave their country.

Trepidations and Ramifications of COVID-19: Rohingya Refugees in India

International Center for Cultural Studies, National Chiao Tung University, 2020

Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019: The Pernicious Outcomes of the Altering Equation of Citizenship in India

International Center for Cultural Studies, National Chiao Tung University, 2021

Citizenship has been a vital issue in addressing societal alteration over the past few years.

Struggle for Life and Liberty: Rohingyas in India

International Center for Cultural Studies, National Chiao Tung University, 2019

Rohingyas are the most persecuted ethnic minority in the world stated by the United Nations.[1] T... more Rohingyas are the most persecuted ethnic minority in the world stated by the United Nations.[1] They are a group of Burmese Muslim people from Rakhine state in Myanmar situated on the western coast of Myanmar adjacent to the Bay of Bengal in the Indian ocean. In Myanmar, they are seen as "illegal immigrants" by the Buddhist and other communities. Rohingyas have continuously faced persecution, discrimination, mistreatment, massacre, and statelessness over the past four decades. Facing ethnic cleansing in Myanmar,[2] Rohingyas have ed to various countries in the world. This article analyzes Rohingyas' struggle for life and liberty in India from both humanitarian and legal perspectives. Finally, it examines the causes of resentment against the refugees in India.