Papers by Monika Magdziak-Tokłowicz
Journal of KONES, 2017
Abstract The internal combustion engine should be rated for the thermal loads that come from diff... more Abstract The internal combustion engine should be rated for the thermal loads that come from different sources. Thermal analysis is important both for design purposes and for evaluating the conditions of its use. Very good results are obtained by a combination of non-invasive measurement techniques, such as research using infrared thermal imaging techniques [3, 11]. The purpose of the study was to determine the engine thermal load by evaluating the average temperature on the outside surface of the engine at many of its points for two selected motorcycle engines with similar displacement capacities. For many reasons, such as ecology, durability, engine strength and thermal performance when heating and cooling are critical. To accomplish this task, a thermographic technique for indirect evaluation has been used, thus creating the possibility of measuring the temperature in a dynamic manner. These are accurate measurements and most importantly do not interfere with the construction of the object under investigation. The engine was tested during operation according to external and load characteristics. As a result of the work, graphs of temperature curves of heating and cooling of the tested engines were compiled. The article presents a methodology for measuring the temperature fields of outer surface engines. The collected material will be used in the future for studying the equable load on the cylinders, and as accurately as possible determine the conditions of movement such as power, revolutions, flow rates, temperatures and pressures.
Journal of KONES, 2015
Ecology problems are addressed in all areas of engineering. Gasification is widely used methodolo... more Ecology problems are addressed in all areas of engineering. Gasification is widely used methodology, which allows to power vehicles and fuel generators via alternative fuel. The more it seems important to address the issues of gasification in the group of scientists dealing with machines. In article authors present results of methodology in effectivity of gasification graduation. The base of experiment is the complimentary reactor, which was made for gasification of different materials. Gases that are achieved on the output of the system are used to supply combustion engines. In article, expect mentioned methodology, authors present reactor build and measurement (including complimentary software) system, mounted on system. The new energy supplies are still discovered. At the same time, researchers on good know substances are in progress. In article, authors are presented one of the methods of gasification reactor effectivity. Authors' reactor has a burning chamber, and outlet circuit. Presented methodology was relayed on E-E system with software part. System is contained a few thermocouples with multiplexing ADC card for acquisition of data. All parts are presented in an article. An article is a result of progressing grant in DEMONSTRATOR+ program (no. WND-DEM-1-527/001).
Journal of KONES, 2015
Mining machinery and equipment belong to the group of special machines working in extreme conditi... more Mining machinery and equipment belong to the group of special machines working in extreme conditions. Mining machines are used in difficult conditions such as limited supplies of fresh air, heat from the rock, in places with high humidity and heavy dust. In other specifics related to the extraction process is brine, harmful compounds such as sulphur dioxide, or rock debris raining down. The machines are operated in continuous mode, the clock. Working in mining conditions machines are exposed to frequent breakdowns and malfunctions. Identifying of failure diesel engines can be cumbersome in these conditions and time-consuming, leading to longer downtime, thereby reducing operating efficiency and increased cost. Therefore, in the paper was a review and analysis methods for the diagnosis of internal combustion diesel engines used in machines built and used to power machines in underground mining. On the basis of diagnostic testing was performed analysis of cases occurring malfunctions and failures.
Journal of KONES, 2015
Synthetic gas (syngas) produced form waste organic matter may be used as a fuel for internal comb... more Synthetic gas (syngas) produced form waste organic matter may be used as a fuel for internal combustion engines. Possibilities of syngas application as an independent IC engine energy carrier are limited. Designed system of energy conversion from waste to electricity is expected to produce gas consists mainly carbon monoxide, methane, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Based on theoretical study and own research, as the main factors which impact on floating syngas composition the quality of input substance, process temperature and gasifying medium application were identified. The fluctuation of syngas composition contributes important challenge in aspect of energetic efficiency and mechanical durability of generator system. The researches were provided on research test bed, which enables pressure distribution measurement in the combustion chamber (for various mixture of synthetic gases) and correction of ignition timing. The results of the researches indicate that proper correction of the ignition advance allows syngas mixtures combustion in wide range of their composition.
Journal of KONES, 2011
The paper presents the results of tests carried out on two spark-ignition engines: 1.4BZ 90CV CD ... more The paper presents the results of tests carried out on two spark-ignition engines: 1.4BZ 90CV CD and 1.4BZ 120CV CD installed in new Fiat Bravo (model 198, version 54A) motor cars. The latter engine model (120CV) was equipped with a supercharging system. The research consisted in comparing engine vibrations measured in specific and representative points. In order to determine the vertical component vibrations, the measurements were performed via a mirror. A PSV-400 laser Doppler vibrometer made by Polytec was used to measure vibration velocities. The vibrometric system directly measures two quantities: displacement and velocity. In the investigated case, vibration velocity is the variable which supplies better diagnostic information. Vibrations were measured for the car standing on its wheels and for the car jacked up to reduce the influence of the car vibration damping systems on the measurement results. The latter are presented in the form of comparative diagrams. Moreover, the fast Fourier transform was used to determine the frequency distribution. Prior to that signal was subjected to conditioning operations using parametric windowing and filtering. Interesting conclusions emerge from the obtained results and on their basis the effect of the drive unit on the behaviour of the car body can be assessed for different engine types and rotational speeds. It is shown that the way in which the engine is mounted affects the vibrations of the car.
Journal of KONES, 2015
A major problem in the combustion diesel engines is the different distribution of the mixture of ... more A major problem in the combustion diesel engines is the different distribution of the mixture of air and fuel and also temperatures inside the combustion chamber. It helps the formation of points of the high and low oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber of the engine. In areas with a high concentration of oxygen, the combustion process produces very harmful NO x , and in places with low oxygen concentration, as a result of incomplete fuel combustion particles are created in the form of soot. This not regular distribution of the mixture of air and fuel and temperatures in the combustion chamber affect the limited maximum engine power and efficiency at his every operating cycle. One method for improving the combustion process is feeding into the engine air with high relative humidity. The study was conducted on a chassis dynamometer at the Department of Vehicles Engineering Wroclaw University of Technology. For the purposes of the study determined the external characteristics, including maximum engine power and maximum engine torque at different air relative humidity and quite similar air temperature. Analysis of the results of research shows that high air relative humidity has a positive effect on the work parameters of the diesel engine.
Journal of KONES, 2015
Fast development of technology over the last decades has contributed to the adverse effects that ... more Fast development of technology over the last decades has contributed to the adverse effects that may affect human health (both physical and mental). Such negative effects may include noise and vibration. These phenomena are accompanied by most of the technological processes. Need for more efficient and productive processes is causing rising trend in intensifying of these phenomena. It is unavoidable to increase efficiency without increasing the operating speed of machinery and equipment. The main goal of this paper is to carry out NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) analysis of engines; compression-ignition engine (diesel) and spark-ignition engine (gasoline) equipped in the same type of vehicle. But purpose is laying on presented methodology, not results of researches (but of course it will be presented too) which often (mainly) is made for failure detections. This paper will also cover influence of the engine mounting on generated acoustic vibrations followed by comparative NVH analysis of states occurring in diesel and gasoline engine. Scope of the work: a) theoretical introduction, b) presentation of vibration measurement (using LDV: Laser Doppler Vibrometry), c) NVH analysis in two types of engines, d) comparison of results, e) conclusions.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
The present paper presents a study whose objective is to determine the indicated parameters of an... more The present paper presents a study whose objective is to determine the indicated parameters of an spark-ignition engine and external mixture formation when running on methane and gasoline. The experiments were carried out using optimum adjusting parameters for engine operation on methane and gasoline fuels. The parameters measured and determined are: indicated specific fuel consumption, indicated mean effective pressure, indicated power, indicated efficiency, friction mean effective pressure and etc. over the entire engine speed range. An analysis of the obtained results is made, comparing the obtained indicated parameters at the operation of internal combustion engines with alternative fuel - methane and traditional fuel - gasoline.
Sensors, 2022
Presently, most passive safety tests are performed with a precisely specified seat position and c... more Presently, most passive safety tests are performed with a precisely specified seat position and carefully seated ATD (anthropomorphic test device) dummies. Facing the development of autonomous vehicles, as well as the need for safety verification during crashes with various seat positions such research is even more urgently needed. Apart from the numerical environment, the existing testing equipment is not validated to perform such an investigation. For example, ATDs are not validated for nonstandard seatback positions, and the most accurate method of such research is volunteer tests. The study presented here was performed on a sled test rig utilizing a 50cc Hybrid III dummy according to a full factorial experiment. In addition, input factors were selected in order to verify a safe test condition for surrogate testing. The measured value was head acceleration, which was used for calculation of a head injury criterion. What was found was an optimal seat angle −117°—at which the head ...
Journal of KONES, 2017
The internal combustion engine should be rated for the thermal loads that come from different sou... more The internal combustion engine should be rated for the thermal loads that come from different sources. Thermal analysis is important both for design purposes and for evaluating the conditions of its use. Very good results are obtained by a combination of non-invasive measurement techniques, such as research using infrared thermal imaging techniques [3, 11]. The purpose of the study was to determine the engine thermal load by evaluating the average temperature on the outside surface of the engine at many of its points for two selected motorcycle engines with similar displacement capacities. For many reasons, such as ecology, durability, engine strength and thermal performance when heating and cooling are critical. To accomplish this task, a thermographic technique for indirect evaluation has been used, thus creating the possibility of measuring the temperature in a dynamic manner. These are accurate measurements and most importantly do not interfere with the construction of the objec...
Journal of KONES, 2016
Vibrations have become an important factor of vehicles. Vibration tests help identify, and then t... more Vibrations have become an important factor of vehicles. Vibration tests help identify, and then tune the automotive vehicle to improve the structural strength. Due to the increasing development of vehicles and machines and their widespread use. Increased research-using vibrations due to their low or zero interference with the vehicle under test. Vibration testing is often carried out using Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV), a device that is used for contactless measurement of vibration on the surface. The laser beam is directed from the device to the surface of interest, and the amplitude and frequency of vibration are extracted from the Doppler shift frequency of the reflected laser beam due to the movement surface. High values of vibration transmitted from the engine, and the way significantly affect the body of the vehicle and the driver. Article presents results of research carried out on vehicles powered by three different engines and rpm. Tests were carried out on an engine dynam...
Journal of KONES, 2011
The paper presents the results of tests carried out on two spark-ignition engines: 1.4BZ 90CV CD ... more The paper presents the results of tests carried out on two spark-ignition engines: 1.4BZ 90CV CD and 1.4BZ 120CV CD installed in new Fiat Bravo (model 198, version 54A) motor cars. The latter engine model (120CV) was equipped with a supercharging system. The research consisted in comparing engine vibrations measured in specific and representative points. In order to determine the vertical component vibrations, the measurements were performed via a mirror. A PSV-400 laser Doppler vibrometer made by Polytec was used to measure vibration velocities. The vibrometric system directly measures two quantities: displacement and velocity. In the investigated case, vibration velocity is the variable which supplies better diagnostic information. Vibrations were measured for the car standing on its wheels and for the car jacked up to reduce the influence of the car vibration damping systems on the measurement results. The latter are presented in the form of comparative diagrams. Moreover, the fa...
Journal of KONES, 2015
A major problem in the combustion diesel engines is the different distribution of the mixture of ... more A major problem in the combustion diesel engines is the different distribution of the mixture of air and fuel and also temperatures inside the combustion chamber. It helps the formation of points of the high and low oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber of the engine. In areas with a high concentration of oxygen, the combustion process produces very harmful NOx, and in places with low oxygen concentration, as a result of incomplete fuel combustion particles are created in the form of soot. This not regular distribution of the mixture of air and fuel and temperatures in the combustion chamber affect the limited maximum engine power and efficiency at his every operating cycle. One method for improving the combustion process is feeding into the engine air with high relative humidity. The study was conducted on a chassis dynamometer at the Department of Vehicles Engineering Wroclaw University of Technology. For the purposes of the study determined the external characteristics, ...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021
The present paper presents a study whose objective is to determine the performance parameters of ... more The present paper presents a study whose objective is to determine the performance parameters of an external mixture formation and spark-ignition engine when running on methane fuel. The experiments were carried out using optimum adjusting parameters for engine operation on methane and gasoline fuels. The parameters measured and determined are: brake specific fuel consumption, mean effective pressure, brake power, thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency and etc. over the entire engine speed range. An analysis of the obtained results is made, comparing the obtained effective parameters at the operation of internal combustion engines with alternative fuel - methane and traditional fuel - gasoline.
SAE Technical Paper Series, 2020
I t is widely believed that fuel components of spark-ignition engines are mainly light alcohols. ... more I t is widely believed that fuel components of spark-ignition engines are mainly light alcohols. In order to change this state of affairs, it was assumed that it is possible to create fuel mixtures with heavy alcohols or light and heavy alcohols together, obtaining in latter case alternative ternary fuels. The hypothesis was adopted that such a fuel blend may contain any proportion of individual components. The truth of the hypothesis was demonstrated by preparing a number of mixtures of isooctane with ethyl and butyl alcohol, which were homogeneous and did not stratify even after prolonged storage. The research methodology adopted in this study is based on the assumption that composition of ternary fuels should be consistent with the relevant design of experiment, while assessment of the impact of composition on engine parameters should be made by operating a multi-equation mathematical model, and each of these equations, as a sub-model, must be statistically verified. Boundary conditions of the mathematical model were determined based on research on a real object. Fuel mixtures were based on the Simplex design of experiment. Forcing factors in this plan were volume shares of fuel components. In total, 11 mixtures were prepared and tested, on basis of which it was possible to forecast many engine operating parameters. Adopting appropriate compromises , it can be indicated that most advantageous mixture in terms of all analyzed parameters will be one in which the composition will contain about 80% v/v of isooctane supplemented with ethanol and butanol in a wide proportion.
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2015
Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport, 2015
Synthetic gas (syngas) produced form waste organic matter may be used as a fuel for internal comb... more Synthetic gas (syngas) produced form waste organic matter may be used as a fuel for internal combustion engines. Possibilities of syngas application as an independent IC engine energy carrier are limited. Designed system of energy conversion from waste to electricity is expected to produce gas consists mainly carbon monoxide, methane, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Based on theoretical study and own research, as the main factors which impact on floating syngas composition the quality of input substance, process temperature and gasifying medium application were identified. The fluctuation of syngas composition contributes important challenge in aspect of energetic efficiency and mechanical durability of generator system. The researches were provided on research test bed, which enables pressure distribution measurement in the combustion chamber (for various mixture of synthetic gases) and correction of ignition timing. The results of the researches indicate that proper correction of the ignition advance allows syngas mixtures combustion in wide range of their composition.
Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport, 2015
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Papers by Monika Magdziak-Tokłowicz