Papers by Noor Khairin Mohd
In view of the emerging importance of non-toxic and green corrosion inhibitors to replace chromat... more In view of the emerging importance of non-toxic and green corrosion inhibitors to replace chromate (CrO42-), molybdenate (MoO3-), nitrate (NO2-) and silicate (SiO44-)in protecting metallic surfaces in acid pickling for metal processing industry, acidified oil wells and boiler cleaning process; researchers have recently focused on organic corrosion inhibitors. Schiff bases are amongst the molecules of choice that are able to exhibit corrosion inhibitory activities and have been predominantly investigated as corrosion inhibitors for numerous metals in various acidic media. The lone pair electrons and π-electrons at imine bond may interact with d-orbital of metal through electron donation and forms a layer. This layer protects the metal surface from being attacked by corrosive species. The objectives of this study are firstly to synthesize Schiff base hydrazones (SBHs) from palmitichydrazide and various aldehydes; and secondly to investigate inhibitive activities of those SBHs on mild ...
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2016
Most power transformers used petroleum-based oil or so-called mineral oil as insulation. Power tr... more Most power transformers used petroleum-based oil or so-called mineral oil as insulation. Power transformer oil functions not only as electrical insulation and cooling medium but also to suppress corona and arcing. Over the years, power transformer oil has been widely used because of its high dielectric field strength, low dielectric losses, and long-term performance. However, petroleum-based power transformer oil is non-biodegradable and non-renewable. A serious spill could contaminate soil and water. As a non-renewable source, depletion of the source will further increase the price. These have encouraged researchers to look for alternative power transformer oil for better sustainability. Palm-based oil has been seen as a potential substitute, because, it is environmentally friendly, biodegradable and renewable. However, a lot of studies need to be carried out before it can be used as alternative power transformer oil commercially. Thus, this work has been carried out to investigate...
Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2021
Abstract Three hydrophobic-tailed imine compounds containing linear alkyl, branched alkyl and phe... more Abstract Three hydrophobic-tailed imine compounds containing linear alkyl, branched alkyl and phenyl groups adjacent to the imine bond namely N-propylidenehexadecanehydrazide (PHH-L), N'-(2,2-dimethylpropylidene)hexadecanehydrazide (DMPHH-B) and N-phenylpropionalidene hexadecanehydrazide (PPHH-A), respectively were successfully synthesized with good yields and high purity. Inhibition properties were evaluated with the corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution by electrochemical measurements and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX). Potentiodynamic polarization measurement indicates that the synthesized inhibitors were effective mixed-type inhibitors and adsorbed on the carbon steel surface following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with the free energy of adsorption, ΔG o ads values ranging from −37.9 kJ mol−1 to −39.5 kJ mol−1 by mixed absorption involving both physisorption and chemisorption. Impedance spectroscopic analysis revealed that the inhibitors reduced the corrosion process by a charge-transfer process. SEM-EDX analysis revealed that the corrosion damage of the carbon steel surface was reduced in the presence of the inhibitors containing linear alkyl (PHH-L) and phenyl (PPHH-A) groups. In contrast, DMPHH-B, a compound with a branched alkyl group increased corrosion damage.
Journal of Oil Palm Research, 2020
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018
Biolubricants are gaining popularity and acceptance globally due to their sustainable and environ... more Biolubricants are gaining popularity and acceptance globally due to their sustainable and environmentally friendly properties; being derived from feedstocks from vegetable oils. Indeed, the potential for biolubricants to eventually replace conventional lubricants is currently viewed in the literature as a real possibility. This study will provide valuable information pertaining to the formulation of biolubricants, by assessing and evidencing the tribological performances of various types of biolubricant base stocks and their related additives. This study begins with a presentation of the basic tribological parameters in lubrication. Following that, the criteria for the molecular structure of biolubricant base stocks for high tribological performance are discussed, based both on the tabulation of the friction coefficient and on the measurement of wear scar from experimental studies. The biolubricant base stocks under review in this study include vegetable oils (VO), epoxidized VO, ring-opened products from epoxidized VO, estolides, and polyol esters. This review also discusses recent advances in ecofriendly tribological additives such as plant-derived compounds and polymers, particulate and layered materials, and ionic liquids. The performance and various applications of these additives are also reviewed.
The 2nd IEEE Conference on Power Engineering and Renewable Energy (ICPERE) 2014, 2014
The world's energy requirement has been dominated by petroleum-based oil for centuries in man... more The world's energy requirement has been dominated by petroleum-based oil for centuries in many application fields, including transportation, household, and electricity. Mineral oil as one of petroleum-based product; an important insulating material in power system has been used more than 150 years. Mineral oil application in power system equipment can be potentially hazardous to the environment especially when there are any incidents during operational time like transformer explosion, which may cause a spill of oil to the soil or water stream. Due to the concerns about the reducing petroleum resources and the environmental issues, the alternative insulating oil with biodegradable characteristics has been attracted lots of attentions for a couple of decades. The purpose of this research work is to investigate the partial discharge characteristics of palm-based oil, namely palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) as biodegradable oil for power transformer oil application. The characteristics then compared to other biodegradable oil, namely soybean-based oil and commercially available mineral oil for further analysis. The effect of electrical stress and ageing time on the oil samples were performed in this work. The results revealed that the partial discharge characteristics of PFAE are similar with commercially mineral oil. Particularly, PD magnitudes of PFAE are slightly lower than those of mineral oil samples during the ageing time. Therefore, PFAE has a good potential to be used as power transformer oil in electrical power system application.
2014 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 2014
Transformer oil is commonly used in electrical insulation, cooling and lubrication of sliding com... more Transformer oil is commonly used in electrical insulation, cooling and lubrication of sliding components. There are many factors that negatively affect the electrical insulation properties of power transformers in its operation. Due to the increasing need to replace the petroleum-based mineral oil, there is an interest in replacing the oil with biodegradable vegetative-based oil. The properties of alternative oils that can be used to replace the existing mineral oil are described. Firstly, the vegetable oil was analyzed using computational simulation to investigate the dielectric characteristic and compared to the existing mineral oil. Then, a comparative experimental study concerning the ageing of vegetative-based oil, namely palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) and FR3 by comparing them with the commercially available mineral oil was conducted. Several important properties such as breakdown voltage, the dielectric dissipation factor (tan d) and the capacitance of PFAE and FR3 oils have been measured. Varying ageing time have been applied during experimental process. Based on the experimental results, both oils show higher breakdown voltage compared to the mineral oil. In addition, both of the vegetative-based oils have lower value of dielectric dissipation factor and higher value of capacitance. Therefore, both oils are good insulating oils for transformer applications.
Jurnal Teknologi, 2013
This paper describes the properties of refined, bleached, deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) as having t... more This paper describes the properties of refined, bleached, deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) as having the potential to be used as insulating liquid. There are several important properties such as electrical breakdown, dielectric dissipation factor, specific gravity, flash point, viscosity and pour point of RBDPO that was measured and compared to commercial mineral oil which is largely in current use as insulating liquid in power transformers. Experimental results of the electrical properties revealed that the average breakdown voltage of the RBDPO sample, without the addition of water at room temperature, is 13.368 kV. The result also revealed that due to effect of water, the breakdown voltage is lower than that of commercial mineral oil (Hyrax). However, the flash point and the pour point of RBDPO is very high compared to mineral oil thus giving it advantageous possibility to be used safely as insulating liquid. The results showed that RBDPO is greatly influenced by water, causing the br...
Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2021
The physico‐chemical and electrical insulating properties of certain palm oil products, including... more The physico‐chemical and electrical insulating properties of certain palm oil products, including triglyceride oils, fatty acids, fatty esters, and glycerol were evaluated for use in oil‐immersed transformers. The studied triglyceride oils have excellent kinematic viscosity values: 30.25–40.49 mm2 s−1 at 40°C, 6.46–8.34 mm2 s−1 at 100°C; flash point: 278–320°C; moisture content: 16–175 mg kg−1 and dielectrical breakdown voltage: 29.1–40.9 kV. Fatty acids and fatty esters have relatively lower kinematic viscosity and flash point values than triglyceride oils. The type of hydrocarbon chain, hydrocarbon chain length and molecular size were shown to have substantial effects on the physico‐chemical and electrical properties of the studied oils. The drying process imposed on refined‐bleached‐deodorized palm olein (RBD POo) has reduced the moisture from 400 mg kg−1 to 100 mg kg−1 and improved the dielectrical strength from 31.1 kV to 76.8 kV. Blending of RBD POo with fatty acids or fatty esters has improved the kinematic viscosity of RBD POo and offers even higher flash and fire points than mineral oil. This study showed that palm oil and palm oil products have strong potential to serve as coolants and may be safer for use in oil‐filled transformers as compared to mineral oil.
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Papers by Noor Khairin Mohd