The International Arab Journal of Information Technology
Various studies use numerous probabilistic methods to establish a cause-effect relationship betwe... more Various studies use numerous probabilistic methods to establish a cause-effect relationship between a drug and a disease. However, only a limited number of machine learning studies on establishing cause-effect relationships can be found on the internet. In this study, we explore machine learning approaches for interpreting large quantities of multivariate patient-based laboratory data for establishing cause-effect relationships for critically ill patients. We adopt principal component analysis as a primary method to capture daily patient changes after a medical intervention so that the causal relationship between the medical treatments and the outcomes can be established. Model validity and stability are evaluated using bootstrap testing. The model exhibits an acceptable significance level with a two-tailed test. Moreover, results show that the approach provides promising results in interpreting large quantities of patient data and establishing cause-effect relationships for making ...
The pastoralists of Gujii have faced numerous risks, with their pastoralism system facing serious... more The pastoralists of Gujii have faced numerous risks, with their pastoralism system facing serious challenges. With the technically inconsistent and timely unmanaged interventions, several pastoral households are facing unreserved challenges. As a result, the future of pastoralists appears to be in great danger. The objective of this study is to investigate the ongoing challenges of Gujii pastoralism, as well as the fate of pastoralists in southern Ethiopia who are suffering from unrelenting drought. Ethiopian Meteorological Agency provided monthly rainfall and temperature data from 1986 to 2016. A household survey was conducted with 340 household heads randomly chosen from the study area to examine the challenges of the pastoralists have been facing. Moreover, a key informant interview and a focus group discussion were employed to collect qualitative data. Each watershed unit held one round of focus group discussions, with an average of 7-10 participants. The coefficient of variatio...
Indigenous weather forecasting (IWF) is practised by various communities around the world. Access... more Indigenous weather forecasting (IWF) is practised by various communities around the world. Access to meteorological weather forecasting is limited in eastern Africa’s pastoral regions. As a result, pastoralists frequently rely on indigenous weather forecasting indicators. This paper investigates the use of IWF in drought forecasting among Gujii pastoralists in southern Ethiopia. To collect data, household surveys, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews were used. Furthermore, meteorological data were used to determine the frequency of drought events in the area. A comparison was made between IWF and data from the Ethiopian National Metrological Service Agency to ensure consistency of the results of IWF and climatic data. For quantitative data analysis, descriptive statistics was used, while hermeneutic and narrative analyses were used for qualitative data analysis. Pastoralists have used a variety of weather forecasting indicators, such as reading livestock intestines...
Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Medical doctors of today are challenged with increasingly large volumes of high-dimensional, hete... more Medical doctors of today are challenged with increasingly large volumes of high-dimensional, heterogeneous and unstructured data from various sources that pose significant challenges for manual analysis. However, this unstructured data is mainly vital for decision making but there exists shortage of intelligent tools to extract the hidden knowledge. In view of these facts, application of machine learning methods in healthcare is a growing phenomenon. This paper explores machine learning approaches for interpreting large quantities of continuously acquired, multivariate patient based laboratory data, in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. The research hypothesizes that principal component analysis (PCA) can be able to capture the changes in the outcomes of applying medical interventions. We adopted PCA as a main method, to observe and capture the daily changes for intensive care unit patients. The approach will be able to inform the physicians, which laboratory tests are exhibiting v...
Objective: Chest X-rays are the most commonly performed diagnostic examinations. An artificial in... more Objective: Chest X-rays are the most commonly performed diagnostic examinations. An artificial intelligence (AI) system that evaluates the images fast and accurately help reducing workflow and management of the patients. An automated assistant may reduce the time of interpretation in daily practice. We aim to investigate whether radiology residents consider the recommendations of an AI system for their final decisions, and to assess the diagnostic performances of the residents and the AI system. Methods: Posteroanterior (PA) chest X-rays with confirmed diagnosis were evaluated by 10 radiology residents. After interpretation, the residents checked the evaluations of the AI Algorithm and made their final decisions. Diagnostic performances of the residents without AI and after checking the AI results were compared. Results: Residents’ diagnostic performance for all radiological findings had a mean sensitivity of 37.9% (vs 39.8% with AI support), a mean specificity of 93.9% (vs 93.9% wi...
Background: Drought Indices has an important role to assess drought over the surfaces of the Eart... more Background: Drought Indices has an important role to assess drought over the surfaces of the Earth. Drought is one of the most complex and severe catastrophes in the study area that causes damage in different ways. The main objective of this study is to assess the spatiotemporal variation of meteorological drought using Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDIst) and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in Boricha District. The study used the long-term gridded rainfall and temperature data in six stations covering the period of (1985-2016). The spatial distribution of drought was mapped using ArcGIS 10.3 spatial analysis tool and interpolated using Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) method.Results: The spatiotemporal variation of meteorological drought was analyzed by using both SPI and RDIst at seasonal and annual timescale. In spring season two extreme droughts were observed in station-2 and 3 with the same SPI value of (-2.26). During summer season in station-3 extreme drought was detected...
International Journal of Earth Science and Geophysics, 2020
Rainfall variability adversely impacts crop production and imposes a major constraint on farming ... more Rainfall variability adversely impacts crop production and imposes a major constraint on farming planning, mostly under rain fed conditions across developing countries. Rainfall variability from season to season greatly affects soil water availability to crops, and thus poses crop production risks to agriculture which is a major economic activity in Gubalafto District, Ethiopia. It was observed that farmers tend to rely on their accumulated experience about weather conditions in the schedule of their farm operations. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the impact of rainfall variability on teff production and farmers perception in Gubalafto district, Ethiopia. The Primary data were obtained through questionnaire administration and field observations among the farmers in Gubalafto district. Stratified random sampling technique was employed in the selection of sample size and a total of 203 farmers were randomly selected for the study. The secondary data was obtained from National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia (daily rainfall between 1984 and 2018) and Teff yield was collected from North Wollo Agricultural Office (2010-2018). Coefficient of variation, standardized anomaly index (SAI), precipitation concentration index (PCI) were used to evaluate rainfall and Teff yield variability. Sen's slope estimator and Mann-Kendall's test were used to determine the magnitude and trends of changes, respectively. The analysis revealed that rainfall in the district is highly variable both in space and time for the last years. The coefficient of variation showed that seasonal rainfall distribution is highly variable than annual time scale. The rainfall trends showed decreasing non-significantly in both belg and bega season while increasing non-significantly in both annual and kiremt time scale over the study area. Significant correlations exist between amount of rainfall and Teff production. Hence small changes in amount and distribution of seasonal rainfall causes significant negative impacts on Teff production that varies from reduced yield to the total loss of the crop. The result of the regression analysis shows rainfall characteristics contributed 86% in explaining the variations in the yield of Teff per hectare in the study area. Both farmers' perceptions and meteorological data show that rainfall is much more unreliable in the study area. Most farmers reported that Teff yield is a decreasing pattern over time due to shortage of rainfall, frequent irregularity of rainfall and other factors. Therefore, specific adaptation strategies are needed for the study area to cope with the risks, sustain farming and improve food security.
Drought is one of the habitually happening catastrophes threatening millions of pastoralists in E... more Drought is one of the habitually happening catastrophes threatening millions of pastoralists in Ethiopia. This study was carried out to investigate trends and spatiotemporal patterns of meteorological drought in semiarid areas of southern Ethiopia. Monthly-based gridded rainfall data for 30 years between 1986 and 2016 were obtained from the Ethiopian Meteorological Agency. Nonparametric Mann–Kendall (MK) test along with Sen’s slope estimator was employed to investigate the drought trends. Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) was used to detect the drought patterns, and the Ordinary Kriging method was employed to interpolate drought severity characteristics. The result indicates that under all timescale, drought events have shown an increasing trend with varying magnitude and intensity. The drought magnitudes for the small rainy months range from − 11.15 in November to − 11.76 in September, while it ranges from − 10.08 in April to − 11.38 in March (major rainy) month. The seasonal rainfall tends to show a plodding decline across the watershed which is the manifestation of spatially varying drought severity, frequency, and intensity in the watershed. Both annual and seasonal distributions of drought were varying spatiotemporally. A drought of varying magnitude, intensity, and severity identified across the watershed resulted due to spatiotemporally varying rainfall. Moderate and severe drought incidents occur more frequently as compared to the other drought category. Variability in the intensity and frequency of drought events has significantly impacted pastoralists’ livelihoods. Therefore, strengthening the coping capacity of pastoralists requires an immediate paradigm shift from reactive types of intervention to proactive measures.
An attempt has been made to assess the nature of peace, religion and society in Ethiopia, to exam... more An attempt has been made to assess the nature of peace, religion and society in Ethiopia, to examine the conflict emerging trends in the post 1991 Ethiopia and its implications for national integration and to identify the underlying causes, actors, and consequences of the conflict. Adopting ethnographic design, the study could secure substantial data through, key informant interview and focus group discussions with key stakeholders. Apart from this, the study was substantiated by critical document analysis. The study indicated that an official policy change has been observed in terms of interference, dichotomization and accusations for alleged radicalizing activities of Ethiopian Muslims. While this is considered as eroding the basic features and foundations of the constitution, it has its own implication on the ideology of secular state model .Although the policy of containing Islam has been started earlier, the regime has moved to replace, shape, and educate the ordinary Muslims a...
Now a days, land degradation has emerged as a significant threat to the promotion of green econom... more Now a days, land degradation has emerged as a significant threat to the promotion of green economy, wellbeing of the ecology and ensuring food security. To counteract such a problem, Scaling up SLM technologies is a drastic solution. It is with this grand theme that this study was conducted in Tehuledere Woreda in three surrounding districts (Amumo, Kundimeda and Messal) taking the vulnerability of the area in to consideration. It shade light at identifying the factors hindering the adoption of SLM technologies and, the role of SLM technologies to ensure food security, and assessing the causes of food security in the context of SLM in the study area. The data used were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources include structured questionnaire survey and focus group discussion methods. A total of 193 households were interviewed and their responses were interpreted. Scientific reports and conference proceedings were used to support the primary data. Descrip...
The economic and social transformations of South Korea since 1960 are one of the biggest success ... more The economic and social transformations of South Korea since 1960 are one of the biggest success stories in the history of development. In just a few decades, South Korea transformed itself from an agricultural society to an industrialized nation exporting high-technology products within the same time gap, it could dramatically and successfully transformed itself from aid effectiveness to development effectiveness. Though, just like many developing countries, authoritarian rule was a norm in Korea, more than two decades of authoritarian rule South Korea changed relatively peacefully to a democratic society in 1987.In the face economic stagnation and enormous development problems: Poverty, inequality, a low life expectancy, illiteracy, and poor service delivery, Ethiopia is trying its best to transform itself to standard in which its citizens in every stage will be beneficiary. It can get valuable insights for its journey towards sustainable development. Accordingly, Ethiopia needs t...
90% of future population growth will be accounted for by the large cities in the developing count... more 90% of future population growth will be accounted for by the large cities in the developing countries out of which Africa has experienced the highest urban growth during the last two decades at 3.5% per year and this rate of growth is expected to hold into 2050. Although the rate of urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa is slower (32.8%) compared to North Africa (47.8%), the situation is still worrisome in its consequences. The results of the various studies on urbanization indicated that migration and other related changes are the sources in developing countries. The fast rate of urbanization in developing world is attributed to rural–urban migration, economic growth and development, technological change, and rapid population growth.
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2017
This paper examines the dynamics of food supply per capita and undernourishment in Sub-Saharan Af... more This paper examines the dynamics of food supply per capita and undernourishment in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for a panel of 42 countries. The dataset was constructed from the FAO and the World Bank global databases for four rounds in five-year intervals. Ordinal measures of national food supply status were generated from daily calorie supply per capita of SSA countries. Regional and inter-temporal dynamics of food supply status (very low, low, medium), transition rates, and the associated forces underpinning this dynamic process were analyzed and stylized by parametric and nonparametric measures. Economic and socio-demographic factors and regional heterogeneities determining the dynamics of food supply situation in SSA were identified by random-effects ordered probit model. The empirical findings indicate that the food supply level of SSA countries was enhanced by agricultural production and industrial value added, as a proxy for structural transformation. However, it was adversely a...
Background: Climate change and variability has been significantly affecting the Ethiopian agricul... more Background: Climate change and variability has been significantly affecting the Ethiopian agricultural production and thereby smallholder farmers livelihoods. The level of vulnerability varied across agro-ecological zones (AEZs). Identification of difference in the level of vulnerability of a system is important in selecting appropriate and effective adaption options to climate change. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the level of vulnerability of agricultural communities to climate change and variability at micro-scale level in five agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of south Wollo, north east highlands of Ethiopia. Data was collected from a representative of 502 sample households from five AEZs through multi stage random sampling methods. Focus group discussion and key informant interviews were also carried out to supplement and substantiate the quantitative data. The indicator based approach was used to empirically calculate vulnerability. Principal Component Analysis (P...
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2017
The paper argues that adequate consultation and public wide dialogues at the grass root level are... more The paper argues that adequate consultation and public wide dialogues at the grass root level are the two potential entry points in times of development interventions. This will foster peace among the nearby people and led a foundation for the subsequent development. The study was undertaken to examine whether the agro-pastoral communities of South Omo zone were jeopardized as a result of the Omo Kuraz Sugar development project or not. It also targeted whether there was adequate consultation with the local people at the earliest days of the project. Adopting Ethnographic design, the study accompanied by primary data collected through participant observation, focus group discussion and key informant interview indicated that there were attempts to consult the indigenous people, though not adequate. It also indicated that despite the absence of compensation for the local displaced people due to their mobile life, the people were not endangered as a result of the project. This project, ...
This paper focuses mainly on assessing the food security-agriculture-climate change nexus and pro... more This paper focuses mainly on assessing the food security-agriculture-climate change nexus and provides multidisciplinary scientific assessment and recommendations for sustainable agro ecological solutions in the quest of humanity to sustainable development. While agriculture tend to support the overwhelming majority of the population in every part of Africa in general and in Ethiopia in particular, climate change in itself will very likely affect four key dimensions of the food security including availability, accessibility, utilization and sustainability of the food, due to close linkage between food and water security and climate change. The impacts of climate change and increases in climate variability on agricultural systems and natural-resource-dependent households, as well as on food security and the future vulnerability of already hungry people in Ethiopia and of course in most of the developing countries in Africa, are highlighted in the paper. It is also worth mentioning th...
Introduction Pastoralism is a specialised form of natural resource management, adapted to ecosyst... more Introduction Pastoralism is a specialised form of natural resource management, adapted to ecosystems defined as marginal, characterised by a limited, variable and unpredictable agro-ecological resource endowment. These can vary from African dry lands to central Asian steppes to European mountains, to Andean plateaux. In order to make use of these territories, pastoralists critically rely on mobile livestock rearing; this is the factor that distinguishes them from other rural communities. Pastoralism is thus not only an economic activity aimed at animal production, but a while livelihood systems and a lifestyle in its own.
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2017
There is a growing concern among national governments to include Civic education in their curricu... more There is a growing concern among national governments to include Civic education in their curriculums. This is because Civic education plays an indispensable role in creating awareness among the citizens about their rights and responsibilities. Ethiopia too, commencing its transition to democracy has taken significant steps to do so. In this regard, one of the significant departures of the EPRDF government from its predecessors in terms of curriculum reform is the inclusion of Civic education in tertiary education. The study shed light to assess the role of Civic education in shaping students attitude in terms of appropriate service provision, good governance, tolerance of diversity and others. Using sample respondents of 201 students randomly selected from the three universities, namely Arba Minch, Wolayta Sodo and Hawassa universities, generalizations were deduced. The facts drawn from both the qualitative and quantitative surveys indicated that Civic education is playing a crucia...
The International Arab Journal of Information Technology
Various studies use numerous probabilistic methods to establish a cause-effect relationship betwe... more Various studies use numerous probabilistic methods to establish a cause-effect relationship between a drug and a disease. However, only a limited number of machine learning studies on establishing cause-effect relationships can be found on the internet. In this study, we explore machine learning approaches for interpreting large quantities of multivariate patient-based laboratory data for establishing cause-effect relationships for critically ill patients. We adopt principal component analysis as a primary method to capture daily patient changes after a medical intervention so that the causal relationship between the medical treatments and the outcomes can be established. Model validity and stability are evaluated using bootstrap testing. The model exhibits an acceptable significance level with a two-tailed test. Moreover, results show that the approach provides promising results in interpreting large quantities of patient data and establishing cause-effect relationships for making ...
The pastoralists of Gujii have faced numerous risks, with their pastoralism system facing serious... more The pastoralists of Gujii have faced numerous risks, with their pastoralism system facing serious challenges. With the technically inconsistent and timely unmanaged interventions, several pastoral households are facing unreserved challenges. As a result, the future of pastoralists appears to be in great danger. The objective of this study is to investigate the ongoing challenges of Gujii pastoralism, as well as the fate of pastoralists in southern Ethiopia who are suffering from unrelenting drought. Ethiopian Meteorological Agency provided monthly rainfall and temperature data from 1986 to 2016. A household survey was conducted with 340 household heads randomly chosen from the study area to examine the challenges of the pastoralists have been facing. Moreover, a key informant interview and a focus group discussion were employed to collect qualitative data. Each watershed unit held one round of focus group discussions, with an average of 7-10 participants. The coefficient of variatio...
Indigenous weather forecasting (IWF) is practised by various communities around the world. Access... more Indigenous weather forecasting (IWF) is practised by various communities around the world. Access to meteorological weather forecasting is limited in eastern Africa’s pastoral regions. As a result, pastoralists frequently rely on indigenous weather forecasting indicators. This paper investigates the use of IWF in drought forecasting among Gujii pastoralists in southern Ethiopia. To collect data, household surveys, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews were used. Furthermore, meteorological data were used to determine the frequency of drought events in the area. A comparison was made between IWF and data from the Ethiopian National Metrological Service Agency to ensure consistency of the results of IWF and climatic data. For quantitative data analysis, descriptive statistics was used, while hermeneutic and narrative analyses were used for qualitative data analysis. Pastoralists have used a variety of weather forecasting indicators, such as reading livestock intestines...
Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Medical doctors of today are challenged with increasingly large volumes of high-dimensional, hete... more Medical doctors of today are challenged with increasingly large volumes of high-dimensional, heterogeneous and unstructured data from various sources that pose significant challenges for manual analysis. However, this unstructured data is mainly vital for decision making but there exists shortage of intelligent tools to extract the hidden knowledge. In view of these facts, application of machine learning methods in healthcare is a growing phenomenon. This paper explores machine learning approaches for interpreting large quantities of continuously acquired, multivariate patient based laboratory data, in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. The research hypothesizes that principal component analysis (PCA) can be able to capture the changes in the outcomes of applying medical interventions. We adopted PCA as a main method, to observe and capture the daily changes for intensive care unit patients. The approach will be able to inform the physicians, which laboratory tests are exhibiting v...
Objective: Chest X-rays are the most commonly performed diagnostic examinations. An artificial in... more Objective: Chest X-rays are the most commonly performed diagnostic examinations. An artificial intelligence (AI) system that evaluates the images fast and accurately help reducing workflow and management of the patients. An automated assistant may reduce the time of interpretation in daily practice. We aim to investigate whether radiology residents consider the recommendations of an AI system for their final decisions, and to assess the diagnostic performances of the residents and the AI system. Methods: Posteroanterior (PA) chest X-rays with confirmed diagnosis were evaluated by 10 radiology residents. After interpretation, the residents checked the evaluations of the AI Algorithm and made their final decisions. Diagnostic performances of the residents without AI and after checking the AI results were compared. Results: Residents’ diagnostic performance for all radiological findings had a mean sensitivity of 37.9% (vs 39.8% with AI support), a mean specificity of 93.9% (vs 93.9% wi...
Background: Drought Indices has an important role to assess drought over the surfaces of the Eart... more Background: Drought Indices has an important role to assess drought over the surfaces of the Earth. Drought is one of the most complex and severe catastrophes in the study area that causes damage in different ways. The main objective of this study is to assess the spatiotemporal variation of meteorological drought using Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDIst) and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in Boricha District. The study used the long-term gridded rainfall and temperature data in six stations covering the period of (1985-2016). The spatial distribution of drought was mapped using ArcGIS 10.3 spatial analysis tool and interpolated using Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) method.Results: The spatiotemporal variation of meteorological drought was analyzed by using both SPI and RDIst at seasonal and annual timescale. In spring season two extreme droughts were observed in station-2 and 3 with the same SPI value of (-2.26). During summer season in station-3 extreme drought was detected...
International Journal of Earth Science and Geophysics, 2020
Rainfall variability adversely impacts crop production and imposes a major constraint on farming ... more Rainfall variability adversely impacts crop production and imposes a major constraint on farming planning, mostly under rain fed conditions across developing countries. Rainfall variability from season to season greatly affects soil water availability to crops, and thus poses crop production risks to agriculture which is a major economic activity in Gubalafto District, Ethiopia. It was observed that farmers tend to rely on their accumulated experience about weather conditions in the schedule of their farm operations. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the impact of rainfall variability on teff production and farmers perception in Gubalafto district, Ethiopia. The Primary data were obtained through questionnaire administration and field observations among the farmers in Gubalafto district. Stratified random sampling technique was employed in the selection of sample size and a total of 203 farmers were randomly selected for the study. The secondary data was obtained from National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia (daily rainfall between 1984 and 2018) and Teff yield was collected from North Wollo Agricultural Office (2010-2018). Coefficient of variation, standardized anomaly index (SAI), precipitation concentration index (PCI) were used to evaluate rainfall and Teff yield variability. Sen's slope estimator and Mann-Kendall's test were used to determine the magnitude and trends of changes, respectively. The analysis revealed that rainfall in the district is highly variable both in space and time for the last years. The coefficient of variation showed that seasonal rainfall distribution is highly variable than annual time scale. The rainfall trends showed decreasing non-significantly in both belg and bega season while increasing non-significantly in both annual and kiremt time scale over the study area. Significant correlations exist between amount of rainfall and Teff production. Hence small changes in amount and distribution of seasonal rainfall causes significant negative impacts on Teff production that varies from reduced yield to the total loss of the crop. The result of the regression analysis shows rainfall characteristics contributed 86% in explaining the variations in the yield of Teff per hectare in the study area. Both farmers' perceptions and meteorological data show that rainfall is much more unreliable in the study area. Most farmers reported that Teff yield is a decreasing pattern over time due to shortage of rainfall, frequent irregularity of rainfall and other factors. Therefore, specific adaptation strategies are needed for the study area to cope with the risks, sustain farming and improve food security.
Drought is one of the habitually happening catastrophes threatening millions of pastoralists in E... more Drought is one of the habitually happening catastrophes threatening millions of pastoralists in Ethiopia. This study was carried out to investigate trends and spatiotemporal patterns of meteorological drought in semiarid areas of southern Ethiopia. Monthly-based gridded rainfall data for 30 years between 1986 and 2016 were obtained from the Ethiopian Meteorological Agency. Nonparametric Mann–Kendall (MK) test along with Sen’s slope estimator was employed to investigate the drought trends. Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) was used to detect the drought patterns, and the Ordinary Kriging method was employed to interpolate drought severity characteristics. The result indicates that under all timescale, drought events have shown an increasing trend with varying magnitude and intensity. The drought magnitudes for the small rainy months range from − 11.15 in November to − 11.76 in September, while it ranges from − 10.08 in April to − 11.38 in March (major rainy) month. The seasonal rainfall tends to show a plodding decline across the watershed which is the manifestation of spatially varying drought severity, frequency, and intensity in the watershed. Both annual and seasonal distributions of drought were varying spatiotemporally. A drought of varying magnitude, intensity, and severity identified across the watershed resulted due to spatiotemporally varying rainfall. Moderate and severe drought incidents occur more frequently as compared to the other drought category. Variability in the intensity and frequency of drought events has significantly impacted pastoralists’ livelihoods. Therefore, strengthening the coping capacity of pastoralists requires an immediate paradigm shift from reactive types of intervention to proactive measures.
An attempt has been made to assess the nature of peace, religion and society in Ethiopia, to exam... more An attempt has been made to assess the nature of peace, religion and society in Ethiopia, to examine the conflict emerging trends in the post 1991 Ethiopia and its implications for national integration and to identify the underlying causes, actors, and consequences of the conflict. Adopting ethnographic design, the study could secure substantial data through, key informant interview and focus group discussions with key stakeholders. Apart from this, the study was substantiated by critical document analysis. The study indicated that an official policy change has been observed in terms of interference, dichotomization and accusations for alleged radicalizing activities of Ethiopian Muslims. While this is considered as eroding the basic features and foundations of the constitution, it has its own implication on the ideology of secular state model .Although the policy of containing Islam has been started earlier, the regime has moved to replace, shape, and educate the ordinary Muslims a...
Now a days, land degradation has emerged as a significant threat to the promotion of green econom... more Now a days, land degradation has emerged as a significant threat to the promotion of green economy, wellbeing of the ecology and ensuring food security. To counteract such a problem, Scaling up SLM technologies is a drastic solution. It is with this grand theme that this study was conducted in Tehuledere Woreda in three surrounding districts (Amumo, Kundimeda and Messal) taking the vulnerability of the area in to consideration. It shade light at identifying the factors hindering the adoption of SLM technologies and, the role of SLM technologies to ensure food security, and assessing the causes of food security in the context of SLM in the study area. The data used were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources include structured questionnaire survey and focus group discussion methods. A total of 193 households were interviewed and their responses were interpreted. Scientific reports and conference proceedings were used to support the primary data. Descrip...
The economic and social transformations of South Korea since 1960 are one of the biggest success ... more The economic and social transformations of South Korea since 1960 are one of the biggest success stories in the history of development. In just a few decades, South Korea transformed itself from an agricultural society to an industrialized nation exporting high-technology products within the same time gap, it could dramatically and successfully transformed itself from aid effectiveness to development effectiveness. Though, just like many developing countries, authoritarian rule was a norm in Korea, more than two decades of authoritarian rule South Korea changed relatively peacefully to a democratic society in 1987.In the face economic stagnation and enormous development problems: Poverty, inequality, a low life expectancy, illiteracy, and poor service delivery, Ethiopia is trying its best to transform itself to standard in which its citizens in every stage will be beneficiary. It can get valuable insights for its journey towards sustainable development. Accordingly, Ethiopia needs t...
90% of future population growth will be accounted for by the large cities in the developing count... more 90% of future population growth will be accounted for by the large cities in the developing countries out of which Africa has experienced the highest urban growth during the last two decades at 3.5% per year and this rate of growth is expected to hold into 2050. Although the rate of urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa is slower (32.8%) compared to North Africa (47.8%), the situation is still worrisome in its consequences. The results of the various studies on urbanization indicated that migration and other related changes are the sources in developing countries. The fast rate of urbanization in developing world is attributed to rural–urban migration, economic growth and development, technological change, and rapid population growth.
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2017
This paper examines the dynamics of food supply per capita and undernourishment in Sub-Saharan Af... more This paper examines the dynamics of food supply per capita and undernourishment in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for a panel of 42 countries. The dataset was constructed from the FAO and the World Bank global databases for four rounds in five-year intervals. Ordinal measures of national food supply status were generated from daily calorie supply per capita of SSA countries. Regional and inter-temporal dynamics of food supply status (very low, low, medium), transition rates, and the associated forces underpinning this dynamic process were analyzed and stylized by parametric and nonparametric measures. Economic and socio-demographic factors and regional heterogeneities determining the dynamics of food supply situation in SSA were identified by random-effects ordered probit model. The empirical findings indicate that the food supply level of SSA countries was enhanced by agricultural production and industrial value added, as a proxy for structural transformation. However, it was adversely a...
Background: Climate change and variability has been significantly affecting the Ethiopian agricul... more Background: Climate change and variability has been significantly affecting the Ethiopian agricultural production and thereby smallholder farmers livelihoods. The level of vulnerability varied across agro-ecological zones (AEZs). Identification of difference in the level of vulnerability of a system is important in selecting appropriate and effective adaption options to climate change. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the level of vulnerability of agricultural communities to climate change and variability at micro-scale level in five agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of south Wollo, north east highlands of Ethiopia. Data was collected from a representative of 502 sample households from five AEZs through multi stage random sampling methods. Focus group discussion and key informant interviews were also carried out to supplement and substantiate the quantitative data. The indicator based approach was used to empirically calculate vulnerability. Principal Component Analysis (P...
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2017
The paper argues that adequate consultation and public wide dialogues at the grass root level are... more The paper argues that adequate consultation and public wide dialogues at the grass root level are the two potential entry points in times of development interventions. This will foster peace among the nearby people and led a foundation for the subsequent development. The study was undertaken to examine whether the agro-pastoral communities of South Omo zone were jeopardized as a result of the Omo Kuraz Sugar development project or not. It also targeted whether there was adequate consultation with the local people at the earliest days of the project. Adopting Ethnographic design, the study accompanied by primary data collected through participant observation, focus group discussion and key informant interview indicated that there were attempts to consult the indigenous people, though not adequate. It also indicated that despite the absence of compensation for the local displaced people due to their mobile life, the people were not endangered as a result of the project. This project, ...
This paper focuses mainly on assessing the food security-agriculture-climate change nexus and pro... more This paper focuses mainly on assessing the food security-agriculture-climate change nexus and provides multidisciplinary scientific assessment and recommendations for sustainable agro ecological solutions in the quest of humanity to sustainable development. While agriculture tend to support the overwhelming majority of the population in every part of Africa in general and in Ethiopia in particular, climate change in itself will very likely affect four key dimensions of the food security including availability, accessibility, utilization and sustainability of the food, due to close linkage between food and water security and climate change. The impacts of climate change and increases in climate variability on agricultural systems and natural-resource-dependent households, as well as on food security and the future vulnerability of already hungry people in Ethiopia and of course in most of the developing countries in Africa, are highlighted in the paper. It is also worth mentioning th...
Introduction Pastoralism is a specialised form of natural resource management, adapted to ecosyst... more Introduction Pastoralism is a specialised form of natural resource management, adapted to ecosystems defined as marginal, characterised by a limited, variable and unpredictable agro-ecological resource endowment. These can vary from African dry lands to central Asian steppes to European mountains, to Andean plateaux. In order to make use of these territories, pastoralists critically rely on mobile livestock rearing; this is the factor that distinguishes them from other rural communities. Pastoralism is thus not only an economic activity aimed at animal production, but a while livelihood systems and a lifestyle in its own.
International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2017
There is a growing concern among national governments to include Civic education in their curricu... more There is a growing concern among national governments to include Civic education in their curriculums. This is because Civic education plays an indispensable role in creating awareness among the citizens about their rights and responsibilities. Ethiopia too, commencing its transition to democracy has taken significant steps to do so. In this regard, one of the significant departures of the EPRDF government from its predecessors in terms of curriculum reform is the inclusion of Civic education in tertiary education. The study shed light to assess the role of Civic education in shaping students attitude in terms of appropriate service provision, good governance, tolerance of diversity and others. Using sample respondents of 201 students randomly selected from the three universities, namely Arba Minch, Wolayta Sodo and Hawassa universities, generalizations were deduced. The facts drawn from both the qualitative and quantitative surveys indicated that Civic education is playing a crucia...
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Papers by Mohammed Yimer