There is an increasingly robust literature of recent research findings that support the developme... more There is an increasingly robust literature of recent research findings that support the developmental importance of music in adolescence. However, this intriguing literature is not familiar to many developmental psychologists, possibly due to a lack of communication among researchers and because of publication trends in developmental journals. This review aims at informing on current knowledge of how music listening can
Rauscher, Shaw et Ky (1993) ont constaté que l&am... more Rauscher, Shaw et Ky (1993) ont constaté que l'écoute de la Sonate pour deux pianos en ré majeur K448 de Mozart augmente à court terme les habiletés de raisonnement spatial. Popularisé sous le nom d'« effet Mozart », ce résultat a suscité un engouement scientifique, social et commercial. Le présent texte fait le point sur la validité de l'« effet
Rauscher, Shaw et Ky (1993) ont constaté que l&am... more Rauscher, Shaw et Ky (1993) ont constaté que l'écoute de la Sonate pour deux pianos en ré majeur K448 de Mozart augmente à court terme les habiletés de raisonnement spatial. Popularisé sous le nom d'« effet Mozart », ce résultat a suscité un engouement scientifique, social et commercial. Le présent texte fait le point sur la validité de l'« effet
Rauscher, Shaw et Ky (1993) ont constaté que l&am... more Rauscher, Shaw et Ky (1993) ont constaté que l'écoute de la Sonate pour deux pianos en ré majeur K448 de Mozart augmente à court terme les habiletés de raisonnement spatial. Popularisé sous le nom d'« effet Mozart », ce résultat a suscité un engouement scientifique, social et commercial. Le présent texte fait le point sur la validité de l'« effet
Rauscher, Shaw et Ky (1993) ont constaté que l&am... more Rauscher, Shaw et Ky (1993) ont constaté que l'écoute de la Sonate pour deux pianos en ré majeur K448 de Mozart augmente à court terme les habiletés de raisonnement spatial. Popularisé sous le nom d'« effet Mozart », ce résultat a suscité un engouement scientifique, social et commercial. Le présent texte fait le point sur la validité de l'« effet
L’approche des traits de personnalité a atteint un statut scientifique important et les traits so... more L’approche des traits de personnalité a atteint un statut scientifique important et les traits sont maintenant recon-nus comme des unités de mesure fondamentales de la personnalité humaine. Cependant, certains problèmes conceptuels et méthodologiques devront être résolus, notamment la faiblesse des postulats développementaux de cette approche. Connaître le développement des traits de personnalité est crucial, autant pour la formulation théorique que
The present studies examined the mediating role of self-regulatory mechanisms in the relationship... more The present studies examined the mediating role of self-regulatory mechanisms in the relationship between goal motivation and goal progress in the Self-Concordance Model. First, a systematic review, using meta-analytical path analysis, supported the mediating role of effort and action planning in the positive association between autonomous goal motivation and goal progress. Second, results from two additional empirical studies, using structural equation modeling, lent credence to the mediating role of coping in the relationship between goal motivation and goal progress of university students. Autonomous goal motivation was positively associated with task-oriented coping, which predicted greater goal progress during midterm exams (Study 1, N=702) and at the end of the semester in a different sample (Study 2, N=167). Controlled goal motivation was associated with greater disengagement-oriented coping (Study 1 and Study 2) and lesser use of task-oriented coping (Study 2), which reduced goal progress. These results held up after controlling for perceived stress (Study 2). Our findings highlight the importance of coping in the “inception-to-attainment” goal process because autonomous goal motivation indirectly rather than directly predicts goal progress of university students through their usage of task-oriented coping.
European Review of Applied Psychology-revue Europeenne De Psychologie Appliquee, 2011
The principal aim of this study was to determine if different profiles (types) of emotional react... more The principal aim of this study was to determine if different profiles (types) of emotional reactions following music listening (happiness and sadness) characterized different levels of emotional well-being (i.e., positive and negative affects) in adolescence. The secondary aim was to examine relationships between social congruence in music tastes with friends or parents (i.e., sharing similar music tastes and having fewer conflicts about music) and emotional well-being in adolescence. This study's sample was composed of 316 adolescents (M = 15.32 and S.D. = 0.90 years of age; 172 girls and 144 boys). Cluster analysis identified three profiles: (1) 'emotionally-negative listeners' (medium happiness and higher sadness);
The present studies examined the mediating role of self-regulatory mechanisms in the relationship... more The present studies examined the mediating role of self-regulatory mechanisms in the relationship between goal motivation and goal progress in the Self-Concordance Model. First, a systematic review, using meta-analytical path analysis, supported the mediating role of effort and action planning in the positive association between autonomous goal motivation and goal progress. Second, results from two additional empirical studies, using structural equation modeling, lent credence to the mediating role of coping in the relationship between goal motivation and goal progress of university students. Autonomous goal motivation was positively associated with task-oriented coping, which predicted greater goal progress during midterm exams (Study 1, N=702) and at the end of the semester in a different sample (Study 2, N=167). Controlled goal motivation was associated with greater disengagement-oriented coping (Study 1 and Study 2) and lesser use of task-oriented coping (Study 2), which reduced goal progress. These results held up after controlling for perceived stress (Study 2). Our findings highlight the importance of coping in the “inception-to-attainment” goal process because autonomous goal motivation indirectly rather than directly predicts goal progress of university students through their usage of task-oriented coping.
Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and The Arts, 2010
It is important to understand distinctive developmental specificities of coping in adolescence an... more It is important to understand distinctive developmental specificities of coping in adolescence and how these can relate to personality development. Adolescents can actively use music listening as a coping resource to maintain emotional stability and this is likely to influence their personality development. The aim of this study was to examine if interactions between 3 styles of coping by music listening (emotion oriented, problem oriented, and avoidance/disengagement oriented) could predict changes in adolescent neuroticism. This 2-wave longitudinal study followed 336 adolescent girls and boys over a 6-month period. In adolescents combining high neuroticism (baseline) and low avoidance-oriented coping, problem-oriented coping predicted lower neuroticism. In adolescents combining high neuroticism (baseline) with high avoidance-oriented coping, problem-oriented coping predicted higher neuroticism. In adolescent girls presenting high avoidance-oriented coping, emotion-oriented coping predicted higher neuroticism. Overall, avoidance/disengagement coping by music listening may represent a short-term risk/precipitating factor of increasing neuroticism in adolescence.
Exploring relations between the personality metatraits of the Five-Factor Model of personality (S... more Exploring relations between the personality metatraits of the Five-Factor Model of personality (Stability and Plasticity) and music preferences in adolescence represents a new research path. The objective of this pilot study was to explore the potential of considering these two personality metatraits in research on adolescent music preferences (Metal, Soul, Electronic, Pop, Classical, and Eclecticism). The sample was composed of 30 regular high school students (age: M = 16.45, SD = 0.81 years). The results confirmed that personality metatraits seem to be linked to music preferences in adolescence. As hypothesized, Plasticity (Extraversion and Openness) was associated with music preferences, while Stability (Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism inverted) was not. Some implications for future developmental research on adolescent music preferences (e.g., Plasticity and the dopaminergic system) are highlighted.
This study compares two dimensions of parentingdemotional bonding and controldas perceived by ado... more This study compares two dimensions of parentingdemotional bonding and controldas perceived by adolescents living in three countries: Canada (province of Québec), France, and Italy. A cross-sectional sample was composed of 1256 adolescents who filled out a selfreport questionnaire. Multiple Correspondence Analyses provided a graphic synthesis of cross-cultural results. Results indicate that parents are perceived as highly emotionally bonded, yet the perception of parental control produced two contrasting models. Canadian adolescents perceive less control and disciplinary actions from parents, and more tolerance. Conversely, Italian adolescents perceive more requirements and rules, and stricter disciplinary actions, while French adolescents' perceptions fall between the two. Results also suggested a gradual decrease in the perception of parental control between the ages of 11 and
ABSTRACT This study was conducted with 418 French-Canadian adolescents from Montreal (Canada) and... more ABSTRACT This study was conducted with 418 French-Canadian adolescents from Montreal (Canada) and had three objectives: (1) to find empirical evidence that music listening in adolescence can lead to peer affiliation based upon music preferences; (2) to find out whether three styles of coping by music listening (original self-report scale: emotion-oriented, problem-oriented, and avoidance/disengagement) are related to depression levels in adolescence (French version of the Beck Depression Inventory: Bourque & Beaudette, 1982); (3) to examine whether peers' depression levels and coping by music listening are moderators of the relation between Metal music preference and depression levels in adolescent girls. The results of a peer nomination procedure indicated that music preferences and depression levels of participants are related to those of their peers. In girls, problem-oriented coping by music listening is linked to lower depression levels, whereas avoidance/disengagement coping by music listening is linked to higher depression levels. In boys. emotion-oriented coping by music listening is linked to higher depression levels. Finally, Metal music listening is related to higher depression levels in girls only if they affiliate with peers that are more depressed. The implications of the research regarding the music listening and psychosocial development and adjustment in adolescence are discussed.
European Review of Applied Psychology-revue Europeenne De Psychologie Appliquee, 2010
Cet article rapporte la validation interculturelle d'un instrument de mesure des pratiques éducat... more Cet article rapporte la validation interculturelle d'un instrument de mesure des pratiques éducatives parentales. Les participants sont 722 adolescents (439 Québécois et 283 Français) âgés de 11 à 17 ans, dont l'âge moyen est de 15,57 ans. L'instrument comprend six échelles mesurant la perception qu'ont les adolescents des pratiques éducatives de leur mère et de leur père : la proximité émotionnelle, le sentiment de rejet parental, la tolérance parentale à l'égard des pairs, la communication, le contrôle et les styles disciplinaires des parents. La consistance interne des échelles se révèle adéquate. Les analyses factorielles confirmatoires (tests multigroupes) indiquent une invariabilité factorielle satisfaisante, à travers les deux cultures, pour la grande majorité des 11 facteurs structurant les six échelles de pratiques éducatives parentales. Cet instrument est donc recommandable pour la recherche développementale auprès d'adolescents du Québec et de France.
This study investigated the links between the preference for 4 rap music genres (American rap, Fr... more This study investigated the links between the preference for 4 rap music genres (American rap, French rap, hip hop/soul, and gangsta/hardcore rap) and 5 types of deviant behaviors in adolescence (violence, theft, street gangs, mild drug use, and hard drug use). The effects of peers' deviancy, violent media, and importance given to lyrics were statistically controlled. A self-report questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 348 bilingual French-Canadian adolescents (age: M = 15.32; SD = 0.9; 185 girls and 163 boys). Results indicated that rap music as a whole was linked to deviant behaviors, however the nature of the relation differed according to genres. Preference for French rap had the strongest links to deviant behaviors, whereas preference for hip hop/soul was linked to less deviant behaviors. Results are discussed within the psychosocial and sociocognitive perspectives on music influence in adolescence and also within the perspective of normative deviant behaviors in adolescence.
This six-month longitudinal study was conducted with 311 adolescents and verifies: (1) if music p... more This six-month longitudinal study was conducted with 311 adolescents and verifies: (1) if music preferences can predict depression; (2) if personality traits can predict music preferences; (3) if music listening can represent a protective factor against depression. Results indicate that Soul music listening (e.g., hip hop, R&B) is a predictor of lower depression levels in adolescent girls. Personality dimensions from the Big Five reveal various predictive relations with music preferences, for instance Openness predicts music eclecticism. Soul music listening is a moderator of the predictive relationship between Neuroticism and depression levels in adolescent girls, thus pointing to a possible protective effect. Research paths for studies on music and adolescent development, personality traits, and evolutionary psychology are succinctly discussed.
This study investigates the links between musical preferences (metal, soul, electronic, pop, and ... more This study investigates the links between musical preferences (metal, soul, electronic, pop, and classical) and depression in adolescence. Research participants were 329 adolescents (179 girls and 150 boys) from Montreal (Canada). Analyses controlled for state anxiety, drug use, academic problems, importance given to lyrics, and time spent listening to music per week. In adolescent girls, preference for metal music was linked with higher depression levels, whereas preferences for soul music and pop music were linked to lower depression levels. The links between musical preferences and depression levels were not significant in boys. The five musical preferences were not associated with an episode of clinical depression in adolescence. Theoretical explanations for the influence of music on depression in adolescence are further discussed.
There is an increasingly robust literature of recent research findings that support the developme... more There is an increasingly robust literature of recent research findings that support the developmental importance of music in adolescence. However, this intriguing literature is not familiar to many developmental psychologists, possibly due to a lack of communication among researchers and because of publication trends in developmental journals. This review aims at informing on current knowledge of how music listening can
Rauscher, Shaw et Ky (1993) ont constaté que l&am... more Rauscher, Shaw et Ky (1993) ont constaté que l'écoute de la Sonate pour deux pianos en ré majeur K448 de Mozart augmente à court terme les habiletés de raisonnement spatial. Popularisé sous le nom d'« effet Mozart », ce résultat a suscité un engouement scientifique, social et commercial. Le présent texte fait le point sur la validité de l'« effet
Rauscher, Shaw et Ky (1993) ont constaté que l&am... more Rauscher, Shaw et Ky (1993) ont constaté que l'écoute de la Sonate pour deux pianos en ré majeur K448 de Mozart augmente à court terme les habiletés de raisonnement spatial. Popularisé sous le nom d'« effet Mozart », ce résultat a suscité un engouement scientifique, social et commercial. Le présent texte fait le point sur la validité de l'« effet
Rauscher, Shaw et Ky (1993) ont constaté que l&am... more Rauscher, Shaw et Ky (1993) ont constaté que l'écoute de la Sonate pour deux pianos en ré majeur K448 de Mozart augmente à court terme les habiletés de raisonnement spatial. Popularisé sous le nom d'« effet Mozart », ce résultat a suscité un engouement scientifique, social et commercial. Le présent texte fait le point sur la validité de l'« effet
Rauscher, Shaw et Ky (1993) ont constaté que l&am... more Rauscher, Shaw et Ky (1993) ont constaté que l'écoute de la Sonate pour deux pianos en ré majeur K448 de Mozart augmente à court terme les habiletés de raisonnement spatial. Popularisé sous le nom d'« effet Mozart », ce résultat a suscité un engouement scientifique, social et commercial. Le présent texte fait le point sur la validité de l'« effet
L’approche des traits de personnalité a atteint un statut scientifique important et les traits so... more L’approche des traits de personnalité a atteint un statut scientifique important et les traits sont maintenant recon-nus comme des unités de mesure fondamentales de la personnalité humaine. Cependant, certains problèmes conceptuels et méthodologiques devront être résolus, notamment la faiblesse des postulats développementaux de cette approche. Connaître le développement des traits de personnalité est crucial, autant pour la formulation théorique que
The present studies examined the mediating role of self-regulatory mechanisms in the relationship... more The present studies examined the mediating role of self-regulatory mechanisms in the relationship between goal motivation and goal progress in the Self-Concordance Model. First, a systematic review, using meta-analytical path analysis, supported the mediating role of effort and action planning in the positive association between autonomous goal motivation and goal progress. Second, results from two additional empirical studies, using structural equation modeling, lent credence to the mediating role of coping in the relationship between goal motivation and goal progress of university students. Autonomous goal motivation was positively associated with task-oriented coping, which predicted greater goal progress during midterm exams (Study 1, N=702) and at the end of the semester in a different sample (Study 2, N=167). Controlled goal motivation was associated with greater disengagement-oriented coping (Study 1 and Study 2) and lesser use of task-oriented coping (Study 2), which reduced goal progress. These results held up after controlling for perceived stress (Study 2). Our findings highlight the importance of coping in the “inception-to-attainment” goal process because autonomous goal motivation indirectly rather than directly predicts goal progress of university students through their usage of task-oriented coping.
European Review of Applied Psychology-revue Europeenne De Psychologie Appliquee, 2011
The principal aim of this study was to determine if different profiles (types) of emotional react... more The principal aim of this study was to determine if different profiles (types) of emotional reactions following music listening (happiness and sadness) characterized different levels of emotional well-being (i.e., positive and negative affects) in adolescence. The secondary aim was to examine relationships between social congruence in music tastes with friends or parents (i.e., sharing similar music tastes and having fewer conflicts about music) and emotional well-being in adolescence. This study's sample was composed of 316 adolescents (M = 15.32 and S.D. = 0.90 years of age; 172 girls and 144 boys). Cluster analysis identified three profiles: (1) 'emotionally-negative listeners' (medium happiness and higher sadness);
The present studies examined the mediating role of self-regulatory mechanisms in the relationship... more The present studies examined the mediating role of self-regulatory mechanisms in the relationship between goal motivation and goal progress in the Self-Concordance Model. First, a systematic review, using meta-analytical path analysis, supported the mediating role of effort and action planning in the positive association between autonomous goal motivation and goal progress. Second, results from two additional empirical studies, using structural equation modeling, lent credence to the mediating role of coping in the relationship between goal motivation and goal progress of university students. Autonomous goal motivation was positively associated with task-oriented coping, which predicted greater goal progress during midterm exams (Study 1, N=702) and at the end of the semester in a different sample (Study 2, N=167). Controlled goal motivation was associated with greater disengagement-oriented coping (Study 1 and Study 2) and lesser use of task-oriented coping (Study 2), which reduced goal progress. These results held up after controlling for perceived stress (Study 2). Our findings highlight the importance of coping in the “inception-to-attainment” goal process because autonomous goal motivation indirectly rather than directly predicts goal progress of university students through their usage of task-oriented coping.
Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and The Arts, 2010
It is important to understand distinctive developmental specificities of coping in adolescence an... more It is important to understand distinctive developmental specificities of coping in adolescence and how these can relate to personality development. Adolescents can actively use music listening as a coping resource to maintain emotional stability and this is likely to influence their personality development. The aim of this study was to examine if interactions between 3 styles of coping by music listening (emotion oriented, problem oriented, and avoidance/disengagement oriented) could predict changes in adolescent neuroticism. This 2-wave longitudinal study followed 336 adolescent girls and boys over a 6-month period. In adolescents combining high neuroticism (baseline) and low avoidance-oriented coping, problem-oriented coping predicted lower neuroticism. In adolescents combining high neuroticism (baseline) with high avoidance-oriented coping, problem-oriented coping predicted higher neuroticism. In adolescent girls presenting high avoidance-oriented coping, emotion-oriented coping predicted higher neuroticism. Overall, avoidance/disengagement coping by music listening may represent a short-term risk/precipitating factor of increasing neuroticism in adolescence.
Exploring relations between the personality metatraits of the Five-Factor Model of personality (S... more Exploring relations between the personality metatraits of the Five-Factor Model of personality (Stability and Plasticity) and music preferences in adolescence represents a new research path. The objective of this pilot study was to explore the potential of considering these two personality metatraits in research on adolescent music preferences (Metal, Soul, Electronic, Pop, Classical, and Eclecticism). The sample was composed of 30 regular high school students (age: M = 16.45, SD = 0.81 years). The results confirmed that personality metatraits seem to be linked to music preferences in adolescence. As hypothesized, Plasticity (Extraversion and Openness) was associated with music preferences, while Stability (Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism inverted) was not. Some implications for future developmental research on adolescent music preferences (e.g., Plasticity and the dopaminergic system) are highlighted.
This study compares two dimensions of parentingdemotional bonding and controldas perceived by ado... more This study compares two dimensions of parentingdemotional bonding and controldas perceived by adolescents living in three countries: Canada (province of Québec), France, and Italy. A cross-sectional sample was composed of 1256 adolescents who filled out a selfreport questionnaire. Multiple Correspondence Analyses provided a graphic synthesis of cross-cultural results. Results indicate that parents are perceived as highly emotionally bonded, yet the perception of parental control produced two contrasting models. Canadian adolescents perceive less control and disciplinary actions from parents, and more tolerance. Conversely, Italian adolescents perceive more requirements and rules, and stricter disciplinary actions, while French adolescents' perceptions fall between the two. Results also suggested a gradual decrease in the perception of parental control between the ages of 11 and
ABSTRACT This study was conducted with 418 French-Canadian adolescents from Montreal (Canada) and... more ABSTRACT This study was conducted with 418 French-Canadian adolescents from Montreal (Canada) and had three objectives: (1) to find empirical evidence that music listening in adolescence can lead to peer affiliation based upon music preferences; (2) to find out whether three styles of coping by music listening (original self-report scale: emotion-oriented, problem-oriented, and avoidance/disengagement) are related to depression levels in adolescence (French version of the Beck Depression Inventory: Bourque & Beaudette, 1982); (3) to examine whether peers' depression levels and coping by music listening are moderators of the relation between Metal music preference and depression levels in adolescent girls. The results of a peer nomination procedure indicated that music preferences and depression levels of participants are related to those of their peers. In girls, problem-oriented coping by music listening is linked to lower depression levels, whereas avoidance/disengagement coping by music listening is linked to higher depression levels. In boys. emotion-oriented coping by music listening is linked to higher depression levels. Finally, Metal music listening is related to higher depression levels in girls only if they affiliate with peers that are more depressed. The implications of the research regarding the music listening and psychosocial development and adjustment in adolescence are discussed.
European Review of Applied Psychology-revue Europeenne De Psychologie Appliquee, 2010
Cet article rapporte la validation interculturelle d'un instrument de mesure des pratiques éducat... more Cet article rapporte la validation interculturelle d'un instrument de mesure des pratiques éducatives parentales. Les participants sont 722 adolescents (439 Québécois et 283 Français) âgés de 11 à 17 ans, dont l'âge moyen est de 15,57 ans. L'instrument comprend six échelles mesurant la perception qu'ont les adolescents des pratiques éducatives de leur mère et de leur père : la proximité émotionnelle, le sentiment de rejet parental, la tolérance parentale à l'égard des pairs, la communication, le contrôle et les styles disciplinaires des parents. La consistance interne des échelles se révèle adéquate. Les analyses factorielles confirmatoires (tests multigroupes) indiquent une invariabilité factorielle satisfaisante, à travers les deux cultures, pour la grande majorité des 11 facteurs structurant les six échelles de pratiques éducatives parentales. Cet instrument est donc recommandable pour la recherche développementale auprès d'adolescents du Québec et de France.
This study investigated the links between the preference for 4 rap music genres (American rap, Fr... more This study investigated the links between the preference for 4 rap music genres (American rap, French rap, hip hop/soul, and gangsta/hardcore rap) and 5 types of deviant behaviors in adolescence (violence, theft, street gangs, mild drug use, and hard drug use). The effects of peers' deviancy, violent media, and importance given to lyrics were statistically controlled. A self-report questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 348 bilingual French-Canadian adolescents (age: M = 15.32; SD = 0.9; 185 girls and 163 boys). Results indicated that rap music as a whole was linked to deviant behaviors, however the nature of the relation differed according to genres. Preference for French rap had the strongest links to deviant behaviors, whereas preference for hip hop/soul was linked to less deviant behaviors. Results are discussed within the psychosocial and sociocognitive perspectives on music influence in adolescence and also within the perspective of normative deviant behaviors in adolescence.
This six-month longitudinal study was conducted with 311 adolescents and verifies: (1) if music p... more This six-month longitudinal study was conducted with 311 adolescents and verifies: (1) if music preferences can predict depression; (2) if personality traits can predict music preferences; (3) if music listening can represent a protective factor against depression. Results indicate that Soul music listening (e.g., hip hop, R&B) is a predictor of lower depression levels in adolescent girls. Personality dimensions from the Big Five reveal various predictive relations with music preferences, for instance Openness predicts music eclecticism. Soul music listening is a moderator of the predictive relationship between Neuroticism and depression levels in adolescent girls, thus pointing to a possible protective effect. Research paths for studies on music and adolescent development, personality traits, and evolutionary psychology are succinctly discussed.
This study investigates the links between musical preferences (metal, soul, electronic, pop, and ... more This study investigates the links between musical preferences (metal, soul, electronic, pop, and classical) and depression in adolescence. Research participants were 329 adolescents (179 girls and 150 boys) from Montreal (Canada). Analyses controlled for state anxiety, drug use, academic problems, importance given to lyrics, and time spent listening to music per week. In adolescent girls, preference for metal music was linked with higher depression levels, whereas preferences for soul music and pop music were linked to lower depression levels. The links between musical preferences and depression levels were not significant in boys. The five musical preferences were not associated with an episode of clinical depression in adolescence. Theoretical explanations for the influence of music on depression in adolescence are further discussed.
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