Measuring the plaque ðÍ after the intake of different foods is a method of determining the carios... more Measuring the plaque ðÍ after the intake of different foods is a method of determining the cariosogeneity of a given food as well as for determining the protective potential of other foods. In previous studies we have proven the protective effect of dairy products. It is assumed that kernels have a protective quality with regard to the enamel too. Hence the aim of the study- to check the possibilities of the kernels to correct the plaque ðÍ after an intake of different carbohydrate foods. For each experiment a group of 10 children was formed. For measuring the plaque ðÍ the method of plaque sample was used. For each product tested the curve of Stephan was built. On the one hand, the kernel’s potential to increase the plaque ðÍ decreases the time during which the enamel demineralises. On the other hand, the increase of the plaque ðÍ makes it possible for the kernels to evince other positive qualities concerning the enamel. When the ðÍ is increased the presence of calcium and phosphop...
Dental fluorosis is the result of chronic endogenic intake of fluorides in amounts exceeding the ... more Dental fluorosis is the result of chronic endogenic intake of fluorides in amounts exceeding the optimal daily dose of 1 ppm In our country different mineral waters with high content of fluorine are on the market. As a result in numerous regions and settlements the cases of fluorosis with different degrees of seriousness have become more frequent in recent years. The aim of this study is to test the application of hydrochloric acid-pumice abrasion for the removal of fluorosis stains and remineralisation of the enamel. At the Department of Children’s dental medicine to the Medical university- Sofia 18 children aged 4- 15 were treated for different degrees of fluorosis. The method of microabrasion was applied employing the ready-made
To use a laser fluorescence device to assess the qualitative changes in interproximal enamel afte... more To use a laser fluorescence device to assess the qualitative changes in interproximal enamel after enamel reduction (interproximal stripping). Methods: Fifty-three patients (32 females and 21 males) with an average age of 15.6 years took part in the investigation. Five hundred and thirty-five tooth surfaces of upper and lower anterior teeth were reassessed at three days, ten days, and one month after enamel reduction using a laser fluorescence method (DIAGNOdent pen). Remineralisation was promoted by the application of fluoride gel and control of oral hygiene. Results: The results showed that there is no risk for developing caries after stripping in cases where intact enamel surfaces registered values of between 0 and 3 when measured with the laser fluorescence method used in this study. Enamel reduction appeared to be appropriate even for surfaces with initial demineralisation of the outer enamel, with values between 4 and 6, because after fluoride application the enamel status ret...
Oral colonization with Candida in part of new born children represents the start of their oral ec... more Oral colonization with Candida in part of new born children represents the start of their oral ecosystem whereby homeostasis is an important defense factor. The aim of the present study is to follow the oral colonization with Candida in new born children and children up to 1 year of age and seek dependence of these microorganisms on the general health status of the children. The study was carried out with 160 children age 0 to 1 year. Fungi of Candida type are among the first colonizers in oral medium, populating 16.5% of the new born children and reaching 38.46% of the children up to 1 year of age. The type characteristics of oral Candida shows that C. albicans is isolated in 87% of the children. Candida quantities are very different; more then 1/3 of the children with Candida have quantities of 105-106 cells/ml without exhibiting clinical symptoms of oral candidosis. Candida colonises more frequently children with systematic chronical diseases and damages. The dependence between t...
Repeatedly occuring aphthas are among the most common recurrent oral lesions in childhood. A grou... more Repeatedly occuring aphthas are among the most common recurrent oral lesions in childhood. A group of factors are considered to have an effect on the development of the disease recurrent aphthoust stomatitis (RAS). Those are local traumata, microbial factors, food factors (food deficiencies, food allergies), some general illnesses, etc. The study of these factors in childhood shows that allergic conditions occur more frequently in children with RAS. A new palliative method of treatment of the condition is the regulative regimen. It does away with the most common food allergens causing the repeated occurrence of RAS. The regimen can also be a part of a complex course of treatment.
The contemporary non-operative approach in cariesology requires a new type of diagnosing. It is a... more The contemporary non-operative approach in cariesology requires a new type of diagnosing. It is an approach that embraces the early detection of the caries lesions and the early specification of the character of the caries process at the moment of examination. Such an approach allows the early diagnosing of the active caries process as well as the early modelling of the process. The broadly used in epidemiological studies DMF index provides no information for the activity of the caries process, for the quantity of the reversible lesions as well as for what non-operative treatment should be applied. The index has been created as early as 1930 when the operative treatment was dominant. On the basis of the epidemiological study of a 1000 children aged 6 - 15 as well as with the help of a methodology embracing strict criteris for the separate diagnostic bands and for the activity of the caries lesions, an IA index was created showing the strength of the current caries process and supple...
Introduction: Oral hygiene care is the most effective way to prevent tooth decay. Its strict cond... more Introduction: Oral hygiene care is the most effective way to prevent tooth decay. Its strict conduct is indispensable for maintaining good dental health, especially for children with disabilities. Aim: The aim of the study was to conduct training of deaf children in the rules of oral hygiene for a period of one year. Materials and methods: The study includes 100 children with acquired deafness aged between 5 and 12 years. For their training was used a specially designed methodology, which took into account their disabilities. Results: Results showed significant improvement in oral hygiene after six months of training. Learning and following the instructions in order to develop proper oral hygiene skills in children with impaired hearing is difficult due to communication issues with the dental team. The specific sign language had to be used. Conclusion The created training program in oral hygiene in children with hearing disabilities, supported by specially crafted picture training s...
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the dependency of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) ... more Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the dependency of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) on the risk markers of the oral environment, such as the quality of the saliva, the dental biofilm, the oral Candida and Lactobacillus spp. in children. Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 116 children who were divided into four groups, which were: diabetes, asthma, orthodontic appliances, and no systemic disease or local oral factors. All children were subjected to a clinical assessment for dental caries and oral cleanliness. Samples of stimulated saliva and smears were taken for microbiolgical examination (for oral Candida and Lactobacillus spp.) and immunological examination (for S-IgA). For each parameter examined (salivary flow, pH, buffering capacity, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, oral Candida and Lactobacillus spp.) the children were divided into two subgroups: one with low and the other with high values of the corresponding parameter. Results: The results demonstrated...
Aim: The aim of this study was to quantify secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) in the saliva of ch... more Aim: The aim of this study was to quantify secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) in the saliva of children with type 1 diabetes, asthma, no systemic disease, and no systemic disease but wearing a removable orthodontic appliance. Methods: The study recruited 116 children who had either type 1 diabetes or asthma, were systemically healthy, or were systemically healthy but wore a removable orthodontic appliance. All children were assessed for risk of dental caries and provided saliva samples for assay for S-IgA. Results: The results indicated that the average values of S-IgA in the saliva of the healthy children and of the children with diabetes were 121.3 ±15.0 μg/ml. and 133.9 ±160.5 μg/ml, respectively. Children with asthma and removable orthodontic appliances had statistically higher values for S-IgA: 196.4 ±145.3 μg/ml and 208.8 ±125.9 μg/ml, respectively. The average values of S-IgA in all four groups varied widely. The differences were greatest in children with removable orthodonti...
Introduction: Hearing impaired children are part of children with special needs in Bulgaria. To t... more Introduction: Hearing impaired children are part of children with special needs in Bulgaria. To them so far not studied for incidence of dental caries. She is one of the very important indicators in the assessment of risk for its development, which is important for the modeling of the oral environment in every child. Aim: To determine the incidence of dental caries in hearing impaired children from 5 to 12 years old and a control group of healthy peers in Sofia. Materials and methods: The study covers 100 hearing impaired children and a control group of 100 healthy children. To them was assessed the prevalence of dental caries with index of the Klein, Palmer & Knutson (1938) DMFT, taking into account the total number of teeth that are carious (D), missing (M), due to caries or filling (F). Results: The results obtained show that the incidence of dental caries in 89% of the hearing impaired children and 76.8% of healthy peers is over 4 DMFT. The value of the DMFT index in both groups...
Dental caries is a process developing as a result of the disturbed balance between the factors co... more Dental caries is a process developing as a result of the disturbed balance between the factors comprising the oral environment. It is the aim of this research to determine the correlation between the risk and protective factors in the dental caries in children in our country. Based on the model of Fetherstone, the creator of the concept of balanced caries, a diagram was built by us showing the balance between the active factors in the oral environment of the examined children. The protective factors that were found to effect a decrease in the risk of development of dental caries were not strongly manifested and were only active in a very small, sometimes even insignificant, part of the children. The risk factors found to be active in the group proved to be much more powerful. The occurrence of risk factors was proven in a major part of the children. These factors represent a serious risk provoking the development of a caries process. The combined action of the two types of factors t...
Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers), 2010
SIgA is the main type immunoglobulin in the mixed saliva and is considered as the main secretion ... more SIgA is the main type immunoglobulin in the mixed saliva and is considered as the main secretion factor of the adaptive immunity in the mouth. The purpose of the study is an evaluation of the SIgA quantities and the connection of those antibodies with dental caries of children with different diseases and conditions influencing the oral medium. The study was performed with 116 children with diabetes, asthma, orthodontic problems (removable braces) and healthy controls. The following methods were used: (1) ELISA with "Salivary secretory IgA KIT of Salimetrics LLC USA; was used for quantitative determination of IgA-S in the saliva ;(2) Evaluation of the liquid oral medium (test "Saliva check-GC") and dental status (DMF-T) of the children studied. The results obtained came to show that 2/3 of the healthy children and the children with diabetes have low values of c(<100 µg/ml). In the group of healthy children there are no high values of SIgA; Middle values of SIgA (100-300 µg/ml) are most frequently met in children with asthmatic disease; Oone half of the children with orthodontic apparatuses have high values of SIgA (>300 µg/ml); There is no dependence between secretory immunity and dental caries in children.
Aims. The overall aim of the present study was to examine the risk factors that influence oral co... more Aims. The overall aim of the present study was to examine the risk factors that influence oral colonisation with Candida during pregnancy, delivery, and following birth of the child. Within this overall aim there were two specific aims which were: to study early oral colonisation with Candida in children immediately after birth and to study oral colonisation with Candida during pregnancy. Methods. The study investigated 79 newly borne infants for two maternity homes in Sofia and Rousse, Bulgaria. Parameters of child and maternal health were recorded using a standardise form. Swabs were taken from the children's mouths and assayed after cultivation for 48 hours at 35 ºC. The resulting data were statistically tested. Results. Candida was isolated from the mouths of 13 newborn children. Of the mothers of children studied, 28.37% had complications during pregnancy, referred to as a high-risk pregnancy. A statistical comparison of the oral candidal infection between children born normally and by Caesarean section shows no significant difference between the two groups (χ 2 1,2 = 0.0041, P > 0.05). Examination of the relationship between vaginal candidosis in the mother during pregnancy and the presence of oral Candida in the newborn child suggested that this is an important risk factor for the early transmission of Candida. Conclusions. In this study: Candida carriage in newborn children was 16%, with quantities of Candida ranging between 10 3 to 10 6 cells/ml without any clinical manifestation of oral candidosis. High-risk pregnancies and premature birth were most frequently associated with the early colonisation of the oral cavity with Candida. For the majority of newborn children, there was a strong relationship between maternal vaginal Candida and oral colonisation by Candida in the child. Feeding methods did not influence oral colonisation with Candida.
Dental caries is a multifactor infectious condi-tion emerging when a disbalance between the aggre... more Dental caries is a multifactor infectious condi-tion emerging when a disbalance between the aggressive factors in the local defence surrounding the enamel occurs. Causes for caries are the basic etiological factors (resistence of the enamel, the microorganisms and the ...
SUMMARY Dental fluorosis is the result of chronic endogenicintake of fluorides in amounts exceedi... more SUMMARY Dental fluorosis is the result of chronic endogenicintake of fluorides in amounts exceeding the optimal dailydose of 1 ppmIn our country different mineral waters with highcontent of fluorine are on the market. As a result innumerous regions and settlements the cases of fluorosiswith different degrees of seriousness have become morefrequent in recent years.The aim of this study is to test the application ofhydrochloric acid-pumice abrasion for the removal offluorosis stains and remineralisation of the enamel.At the Department of Children’s dental medicine tothe Medical university - Sofia 18 children aged 4 - 15 weretreated for different degrees of fluorosis. The method ofmicroabrasion was applied employing the ready-madeproduct „Opalustre”, and the remineralisation - employingTooth Mouse. In the case of all chidren individualprophylactic programs were implemented, includingmotivation and training in oral hygiene, a food regimen andrules of carbohydrate intake, avoiding fluori...
The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between authoritarian style of the parent... more The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between authoritarian style of the parents and the negative behavior in their children in dental office. Methods and materials: Influence of the authoritarian style on children's behavior in dental office was determined in 300 children and their parents, who signature inform consent. There are eight questions which determined authoritarian parents' style, which characterized different aspects of parenting. They are adopted for parents and children. The real presence of that education was found by correlation between answers of parents and children. It was established that 41, 42% of children give evidence for presence of authoritarian parents' style. Reliable lower numbers of parents (37%) give answers, which characterized this style. Index for positive authoritarian style for children is reliable higher than parents' index. This indicates that children are more sensitive to authoritarian style than the parents realized.Conclusion: Most of the children rearing in authoritarian style have negative behavior.
Measuring the plaque ðÍ after the intake of different foods is a method of determining the carios... more Measuring the plaque ðÍ after the intake of different foods is a method of determining the cariosogeneity of a given food as well as for determining the protective potential of other foods. In previous studies we have proven the protective effect of dairy products. It is assumed that kernels have a protective quality with regard to the enamel too. Hence the aim of the study- to check the possibilities of the kernels to correct the plaque ðÍ after an intake of different carbohydrate foods. For each experiment a group of 10 children was formed. For measuring the plaque ðÍ the method of plaque sample was used. For each product tested the curve of Stephan was built. On the one hand, the kernel’s potential to increase the plaque ðÍ decreases the time during which the enamel demineralises. On the other hand, the increase of the plaque ðÍ makes it possible for the kernels to evince other positive qualities concerning the enamel. When the ðÍ is increased the presence of calcium and phosphop...
Dental fluorosis is the result of chronic endogenic intake of fluorides in amounts exceeding the ... more Dental fluorosis is the result of chronic endogenic intake of fluorides in amounts exceeding the optimal daily dose of 1 ppm In our country different mineral waters with high content of fluorine are on the market. As a result in numerous regions and settlements the cases of fluorosis with different degrees of seriousness have become more frequent in recent years. The aim of this study is to test the application of hydrochloric acid-pumice abrasion for the removal of fluorosis stains and remineralisation of the enamel. At the Department of Children’s dental medicine to the Medical university- Sofia 18 children aged 4- 15 were treated for different degrees of fluorosis. The method of microabrasion was applied employing the ready-made
To use a laser fluorescence device to assess the qualitative changes in interproximal enamel afte... more To use a laser fluorescence device to assess the qualitative changes in interproximal enamel after enamel reduction (interproximal stripping). Methods: Fifty-three patients (32 females and 21 males) with an average age of 15.6 years took part in the investigation. Five hundred and thirty-five tooth surfaces of upper and lower anterior teeth were reassessed at three days, ten days, and one month after enamel reduction using a laser fluorescence method (DIAGNOdent pen). Remineralisation was promoted by the application of fluoride gel and control of oral hygiene. Results: The results showed that there is no risk for developing caries after stripping in cases where intact enamel surfaces registered values of between 0 and 3 when measured with the laser fluorescence method used in this study. Enamel reduction appeared to be appropriate even for surfaces with initial demineralisation of the outer enamel, with values between 4 and 6, because after fluoride application the enamel status ret...
Oral colonization with Candida in part of new born children represents the start of their oral ec... more Oral colonization with Candida in part of new born children represents the start of their oral ecosystem whereby homeostasis is an important defense factor. The aim of the present study is to follow the oral colonization with Candida in new born children and children up to 1 year of age and seek dependence of these microorganisms on the general health status of the children. The study was carried out with 160 children age 0 to 1 year. Fungi of Candida type are among the first colonizers in oral medium, populating 16.5% of the new born children and reaching 38.46% of the children up to 1 year of age. The type characteristics of oral Candida shows that C. albicans is isolated in 87% of the children. Candida quantities are very different; more then 1/3 of the children with Candida have quantities of 105-106 cells/ml without exhibiting clinical symptoms of oral candidosis. Candida colonises more frequently children with systematic chronical diseases and damages. The dependence between t...
Repeatedly occuring aphthas are among the most common recurrent oral lesions in childhood. A grou... more Repeatedly occuring aphthas are among the most common recurrent oral lesions in childhood. A group of factors are considered to have an effect on the development of the disease recurrent aphthoust stomatitis (RAS). Those are local traumata, microbial factors, food factors (food deficiencies, food allergies), some general illnesses, etc. The study of these factors in childhood shows that allergic conditions occur more frequently in children with RAS. A new palliative method of treatment of the condition is the regulative regimen. It does away with the most common food allergens causing the repeated occurrence of RAS. The regimen can also be a part of a complex course of treatment.
The contemporary non-operative approach in cariesology requires a new type of diagnosing. It is a... more The contemporary non-operative approach in cariesology requires a new type of diagnosing. It is an approach that embraces the early detection of the caries lesions and the early specification of the character of the caries process at the moment of examination. Such an approach allows the early diagnosing of the active caries process as well as the early modelling of the process. The broadly used in epidemiological studies DMF index provides no information for the activity of the caries process, for the quantity of the reversible lesions as well as for what non-operative treatment should be applied. The index has been created as early as 1930 when the operative treatment was dominant. On the basis of the epidemiological study of a 1000 children aged 6 - 15 as well as with the help of a methodology embracing strict criteris for the separate diagnostic bands and for the activity of the caries lesions, an IA index was created showing the strength of the current caries process and supple...
Introduction: Oral hygiene care is the most effective way to prevent tooth decay. Its strict cond... more Introduction: Oral hygiene care is the most effective way to prevent tooth decay. Its strict conduct is indispensable for maintaining good dental health, especially for children with disabilities. Aim: The aim of the study was to conduct training of deaf children in the rules of oral hygiene for a period of one year. Materials and methods: The study includes 100 children with acquired deafness aged between 5 and 12 years. For their training was used a specially designed methodology, which took into account their disabilities. Results: Results showed significant improvement in oral hygiene after six months of training. Learning and following the instructions in order to develop proper oral hygiene skills in children with impaired hearing is difficult due to communication issues with the dental team. The specific sign language had to be used. Conclusion The created training program in oral hygiene in children with hearing disabilities, supported by specially crafted picture training s...
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the dependency of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) ... more Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the dependency of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) on the risk markers of the oral environment, such as the quality of the saliva, the dental biofilm, the oral Candida and Lactobacillus spp. in children. Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 116 children who were divided into four groups, which were: diabetes, asthma, orthodontic appliances, and no systemic disease or local oral factors. All children were subjected to a clinical assessment for dental caries and oral cleanliness. Samples of stimulated saliva and smears were taken for microbiolgical examination (for oral Candida and Lactobacillus spp.) and immunological examination (for S-IgA). For each parameter examined (salivary flow, pH, buffering capacity, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, oral Candida and Lactobacillus spp.) the children were divided into two subgroups: one with low and the other with high values of the corresponding parameter. Results: The results demonstrated...
Aim: The aim of this study was to quantify secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) in the saliva of ch... more Aim: The aim of this study was to quantify secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) in the saliva of children with type 1 diabetes, asthma, no systemic disease, and no systemic disease but wearing a removable orthodontic appliance. Methods: The study recruited 116 children who had either type 1 diabetes or asthma, were systemically healthy, or were systemically healthy but wore a removable orthodontic appliance. All children were assessed for risk of dental caries and provided saliva samples for assay for S-IgA. Results: The results indicated that the average values of S-IgA in the saliva of the healthy children and of the children with diabetes were 121.3 ±15.0 μg/ml. and 133.9 ±160.5 μg/ml, respectively. Children with asthma and removable orthodontic appliances had statistically higher values for S-IgA: 196.4 ±145.3 μg/ml and 208.8 ±125.9 μg/ml, respectively. The average values of S-IgA in all four groups varied widely. The differences were greatest in children with removable orthodonti...
Introduction: Hearing impaired children are part of children with special needs in Bulgaria. To t... more Introduction: Hearing impaired children are part of children with special needs in Bulgaria. To them so far not studied for incidence of dental caries. She is one of the very important indicators in the assessment of risk for its development, which is important for the modeling of the oral environment in every child. Aim: To determine the incidence of dental caries in hearing impaired children from 5 to 12 years old and a control group of healthy peers in Sofia. Materials and methods: The study covers 100 hearing impaired children and a control group of 100 healthy children. To them was assessed the prevalence of dental caries with index of the Klein, Palmer & Knutson (1938) DMFT, taking into account the total number of teeth that are carious (D), missing (M), due to caries or filling (F). Results: The results obtained show that the incidence of dental caries in 89% of the hearing impaired children and 76.8% of healthy peers is over 4 DMFT. The value of the DMFT index in both groups...
Dental caries is a process developing as a result of the disturbed balance between the factors co... more Dental caries is a process developing as a result of the disturbed balance between the factors comprising the oral environment. It is the aim of this research to determine the correlation between the risk and protective factors in the dental caries in children in our country. Based on the model of Fetherstone, the creator of the concept of balanced caries, a diagram was built by us showing the balance between the active factors in the oral environment of the examined children. The protective factors that were found to effect a decrease in the risk of development of dental caries were not strongly manifested and were only active in a very small, sometimes even insignificant, part of the children. The risk factors found to be active in the group proved to be much more powerful. The occurrence of risk factors was proven in a major part of the children. These factors represent a serious risk provoking the development of a caries process. The combined action of the two types of factors t...
Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers), 2010
SIgA is the main type immunoglobulin in the mixed saliva and is considered as the main secretion ... more SIgA is the main type immunoglobulin in the mixed saliva and is considered as the main secretion factor of the adaptive immunity in the mouth. The purpose of the study is an evaluation of the SIgA quantities and the connection of those antibodies with dental caries of children with different diseases and conditions influencing the oral medium. The study was performed with 116 children with diabetes, asthma, orthodontic problems (removable braces) and healthy controls. The following methods were used: (1) ELISA with "Salivary secretory IgA KIT of Salimetrics LLC USA; was used for quantitative determination of IgA-S in the saliva ;(2) Evaluation of the liquid oral medium (test "Saliva check-GC") and dental status (DMF-T) of the children studied. The results obtained came to show that 2/3 of the healthy children and the children with diabetes have low values of c(<100 µg/ml). In the group of healthy children there are no high values of SIgA; Middle values of SIgA (100-300 µg/ml) are most frequently met in children with asthmatic disease; Oone half of the children with orthodontic apparatuses have high values of SIgA (>300 µg/ml); There is no dependence between secretory immunity and dental caries in children.
Aims. The overall aim of the present study was to examine the risk factors that influence oral co... more Aims. The overall aim of the present study was to examine the risk factors that influence oral colonisation with Candida during pregnancy, delivery, and following birth of the child. Within this overall aim there were two specific aims which were: to study early oral colonisation with Candida in children immediately after birth and to study oral colonisation with Candida during pregnancy. Methods. The study investigated 79 newly borne infants for two maternity homes in Sofia and Rousse, Bulgaria. Parameters of child and maternal health were recorded using a standardise form. Swabs were taken from the children's mouths and assayed after cultivation for 48 hours at 35 ºC. The resulting data were statistically tested. Results. Candida was isolated from the mouths of 13 newborn children. Of the mothers of children studied, 28.37% had complications during pregnancy, referred to as a high-risk pregnancy. A statistical comparison of the oral candidal infection between children born normally and by Caesarean section shows no significant difference between the two groups (χ 2 1,2 = 0.0041, P > 0.05). Examination of the relationship between vaginal candidosis in the mother during pregnancy and the presence of oral Candida in the newborn child suggested that this is an important risk factor for the early transmission of Candida. Conclusions. In this study: Candida carriage in newborn children was 16%, with quantities of Candida ranging between 10 3 to 10 6 cells/ml without any clinical manifestation of oral candidosis. High-risk pregnancies and premature birth were most frequently associated with the early colonisation of the oral cavity with Candida. For the majority of newborn children, there was a strong relationship between maternal vaginal Candida and oral colonisation by Candida in the child. Feeding methods did not influence oral colonisation with Candida.
Dental caries is a multifactor infectious condi-tion emerging when a disbalance between the aggre... more Dental caries is a multifactor infectious condi-tion emerging when a disbalance between the aggressive factors in the local defence surrounding the enamel occurs. Causes for caries are the basic etiological factors (resistence of the enamel, the microorganisms and the ...
SUMMARY Dental fluorosis is the result of chronic endogenicintake of fluorides in amounts exceedi... more SUMMARY Dental fluorosis is the result of chronic endogenicintake of fluorides in amounts exceeding the optimal dailydose of 1 ppmIn our country different mineral waters with highcontent of fluorine are on the market. As a result innumerous regions and settlements the cases of fluorosiswith different degrees of seriousness have become morefrequent in recent years.The aim of this study is to test the application ofhydrochloric acid-pumice abrasion for the removal offluorosis stains and remineralisation of the enamel.At the Department of Children’s dental medicine tothe Medical university - Sofia 18 children aged 4 - 15 weretreated for different degrees of fluorosis. The method ofmicroabrasion was applied employing the ready-madeproduct „Opalustre”, and the remineralisation - employingTooth Mouse. In the case of all chidren individualprophylactic programs were implemented, includingmotivation and training in oral hygiene, a food regimen andrules of carbohydrate intake, avoiding fluori...
The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between authoritarian style of the parent... more The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between authoritarian style of the parents and the negative behavior in their children in dental office. Methods and materials: Influence of the authoritarian style on children's behavior in dental office was determined in 300 children and their parents, who signature inform consent. There are eight questions which determined authoritarian parents' style, which characterized different aspects of parenting. They are adopted for parents and children. The real presence of that education was found by correlation between answers of parents and children. It was established that 41, 42% of children give evidence for presence of authoritarian parents' style. Reliable lower numbers of parents (37%) give answers, which characterized this style. Index for positive authoritarian style for children is reliable higher than parents' index. This indicates that children are more sensitive to authoritarian style than the parents realized.Conclusion: Most of the children rearing in authoritarian style have negative behavior.
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Papers by Milena Peneva